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Soviet famine of 1932-1933
 
 
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The Soviet famine of 1932–1933 was caused by the Soviet leadership's desire to bring the rural population under control by forcing farmers into collective farms. The famine affected most major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
: which included Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
, Northern Caucasus, Volga Region
Volga Region

Volga Region is a historical region of Russia that encompasses the territories adjacent to the flow of Volga River. According to the flow of the river, it is usually classified into the Middle Volga Region and Lower Volga Region....
 and Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a large Eurasian country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the List of countries by area as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km? ....
, South Urals, West Siberia . The manifestation of this famine in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic is referred to as Holodomor
Holodomor

The Holodomor refers to the famine of 1932?1933 in the Ukrainian SSR during which millions of people were starved to death because of the Soviet policies that forced farmers into Collectivization in the Soviet Unions....
.






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The Soviet famine of 1932–1933 was caused by the Soviet leadership's desire to bring the rural population under control by forcing farmers into collective farms. The famine affected most major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
: which included Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
, Northern Caucasus, Volga Region
Volga Region

Volga Region is a historical region of Russia that encompasses the territories adjacent to the flow of Volga River. According to the flow of the river, it is usually classified into the Middle Volga Region and Lower Volga Region....
 and Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a large Eurasian country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the List of countries by area as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km? ....
, South Urals, West Siberia . The manifestation of this famine in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic is referred to as Holodomor
Holodomor

The Holodomor refers to the famine of 1932?1933 in the Ukrainian SSR during which millions of people were starved to death because of the Soviet policies that forced farmers into Collectivization in the Soviet Unions....
. Unlike the previous similar famine
Russian famine of 1921

The Russian famine of 1921, better known as Povolzhye famine, which began in the early spring of that year, and lasted through 1922, was a severe famine that occurred in Bolshevik Russia....
 in Russia, information about the famine of 1932–34 was suppressed by the Soviet authorities until perestroika
Perestroika

is the Russian language term for the political and economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Its literal meaning is "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet economy....
.

Estimation of the loss of life

  • Encyclopædia Britannica
    Encyclopædia Britannica

    The Encyclop?dia Britannica is a general English language encyclopedia published by Encyclop?dia Britannica, Inc., a privately held company....
     estimates that six to eight million people died in the Soviet Union, about four to five million of whom were Ukrainians.
  • Robert Conquest
    Robert Conquest

    Dr. George Robert f Ackworth Conquest , United Kingdom historian, became a well known writer and researcher on the Soviet Union with the publication, in 1968, of his account of Joseph Stalin Great Purge of the 1930s, The Great Terror....
     estimated at least 7 million peasants deaths in 1932–33 (5 million in Ukraine; 1 million in the North Caucasus, and 1 million elsewhere). He estimated total number of peasants dead in 1930–37 as 14.5 million, only 3.5 million of whom have been arrested and died in the imprisonment. Of the total of 14.5 million:
    • Dead as a result of dekulakization
      Dekulakization

      Dekulakization was the Soviet Union campaign of political repressions, including arrests, deportations, and executions of millions of the better-off peasants and their families in 1929-1932....
       — 6.5 million
    • Dead in Kazakh catastrophe — 1 million
    • Dead in 1932–33 famine — 7 million


  • The Black Book of Communism
    The Black Book of Communism

    The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression is a book which describes a history of repressions, both political and civilian, by Communist states, including Extrajudicial punishments, deportations, and artificial famines....
     estimates 6 million deaths in 1932–33.
  • The 2004 book The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1932–33 by R.W. Davies and S.G. Wheatcroft, gives an estimate of around 6 million deaths.
  • Another study using data given by Davies and Wheatcroft estimates "‘about eight and a half million’ victims of famine and repression" combined in the period 1930–33
    1933

    Year 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar....
    .


See also

  • Holodomor
    Holodomor

    The Holodomor refers to the famine of 1932?1933 in the Ukrainian SSR during which millions of people were starved to death because of the Soviet policies that forced farmers into Collectivization in the Soviet Unions....
  • Povolzhye famine of 1921