Sidekan
Encyclopedia
Sidekan also called Bradost
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
in Iraqi Kurdistan
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
. The Kélashin Stele
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
in Iraqi Kurdistan
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
. The Kélashin Stele
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
in Iraqi Kurdistan
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
. The Kélashin Stele
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
in Iraqi Kurdistan
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
. The Kélashin Stele
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
in Iraqi Kurdistan
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
. The Kélashin Stele
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
in Iraqi Kurdistan
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
. The Kélashin Stele
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
in Iraqi Kurdistan
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
. The Kélashin Stele
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
in Iraqi Kurdistan
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
. The Kélashin Stele
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
in Iraqi Kurdistan
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
. The Kélashin Stele
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
File:Halgurd 1.JPG | Helgurd peak
File:Rewendi woman.JPG | Rewendi Woman
File:sadam palace ruins.GIF | ruins of Saddam
palace on Hasanbeg mount.
File:Nilgiri Thar.jpg|Wild goat
File:Rewends.jpg|nomad rewends
Bradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
Arbil
Arbil / Hewlêr is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul...
in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Kurdistan Region is an autonomous region of Iraq. It borders Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the west and the rest of Iraq to the south. The regional capital is Arbil, known in Kurdish as Hewlêr...
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
Kurdistan Workers Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
History of Sidekan
After 1958 and the return of Mullah Mustafa BarzaniMustafa Barzani
Mustafa Barzani also known as Mullah Mustafa was a Kurdish nationalist leader, and the most prominent political figure in the modern Kurdish politics. In 1946 he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to lead the Kurdish revolution against Iraqi regimes...
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Holy land of Muṣaṣir
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
Musasir
Muṣaṣir , in Urartian Ardini was an ancient city of Urartu, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC....
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
Ardini Kingdom
Ardini was one of the city of ancient Musasir who mentioned in Keleshin stele, the location of this city is now called (Hérdeni) not too far from Mucéser five km from Sidekan town.Kéleshin Stele
Kéle shin meaning "Green stone" in KurdishKurdish language
Kurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia , ancient name: Lake Matiene) is a salt lake in northwestern Iran, near Iran's border with Turkey. The lake is between the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped Caspian Sea...
. The Kélashin Stele
Kelashin Stele
The Kelashin Stele found in Kelashin, Iraq, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz in 1827...
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz was a German philosopher and orientalist, who was one of the first to uncover evidence of the Kingdom of Urartu.- Research on Urartu :...
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
Topzawa stele
From Topzawa (Topzawä), 25 km is from Kéleshin, a bilingual Stele of King Rusa I urartu. It is badly preserved. The text tells how Urzana appeared in front of Musasir Rusa, perhaps, as Russell suggested, to seek for help against the Assyrians. Rusa attacked the Assyrians and Urzana sat on the throne of his fathers. Musasir were offered to the gods of sacrifice. At the end of the inscription are the one who destroys, threatened the usual punishment of the gods. Most researchers assume that Musasir was in the vicinity of TopzawaClans and Tribes
Sidekan is inhabited by the clan of bradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
- Begzade in the villages of (Mucéser, or Mudjesir :old Muṣaṣir), Lolan and in Dashti-Berazgir.
- Khakurki in Khakurk (Hakurk) area close to ShemdinanSemdinliŞemdinli is a district located in the Hakkari Province of southeastern Turkey.The population is 11,211 as of 2010.It was previously in the Ottoman vilayet of Van and the district centre was called Nevşehir...
district with turkish border. - Piresni in Sidekan town, zerza valley and outlying areas.
- Rewendok including Shekhzade branch, in Dashti Hért who live as Semi-Nomade and their summer residences are in Kéle ShinKelashinKelashin is a mountain village in northern Iraq, near the Kelashin Pass to Iran, some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia....
Pass close to OshnaviehOshnaviehOshnavieh is a city in and the capital of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29,896, in 6,572 families....
inside Iran border
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
Mountains
Bradost is a mountainous area characterized by high mountains the most famous one is Helgurd (the peak of Hasarost)in the south eastalso there are : Goshine ,Bizeen, Berbizeen, Shekiw, Déwane, Siako, Hesenbeg, Bolé, Rebenok, Qelender, Awedel Kéw, xréne.Villages
- Kezhek, Hewélan, Shiwan, Kewne-Sidekan, Mujéser, Qelétan, (in Sidekan Velley)
- Topzawa (with Topzawa srele), Bené, Shiwegermik seru & khwaru, Basekan, joner, ..etc (Zerzé Valley)
- Zhuzhile, Hérden, Ketine, Bolé, Kani She'ban, Déré, Birte, Bésewé, Sorya, Telan, Béqepushik, Malle mela, Gurizhge ... etc (Bolé-Muhacir area)
- Bozan, Létan, Delewe, Zhilya, Gojar, Nawdarok, Bérkime, Baske kon, Bejan, Pungusta, Qulek ... etc (Létan valley)
- Khumari, Jera, Gorrebeterash, Hetkan, Khdrawa, Nékewe, khoran, Bizinkirre, Rikawa ... etc (Deshte Hért)
- Minan, Lélkan, Gorra, Kewert, Nawmérgan, Herkélan, Shikerran, Blesenan ... (Lélkan, Shekhzade area)
- Duremilk, Kolitan, Aristan, Zérkan, zenda .... Lérsmaq valley
- Heyat, Sida, Shoshin, Bené, Bermize, Lakota, Harune, Chemelua, Geliresh, Siro Zerwa.... etc (Deshti Berazgir area)
- Kani resh, Elmush, Muslok, Khezne, Zyaret, Shushan (Khakurk area)
- Lolan, Male mela, Khnére, ... etc (Lolan area)
Rivers
- Haji beg , originate from Khakurk and pour out into upper Zab in the village of Rézan (Barzan area)
- Gader rise from Lolan area and crosses into Deshti-Shno and Silduz (Neghede) and pour out into the Lake of Urumia (Iran)
- Zena thru Letan valley into Balekyan branch and then to Zab (in Khelan village).
Lakes
there are some Volcanic lake located in the highlands close to Kileshin passag, locally called (bérm) which mean small lakelet. the famouse one is (Bérm of Dindaran). in the graphics of Musasir (assyrian inscriptions) this lake is shown up.Gallery
Sidekan also called BradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
Arbil
Arbil / Hewlêr is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul...
in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Kurdistan Region is an autonomous region of Iraq. It borders Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the west and the rest of Iraq to the south. The regional capital is Arbil, known in Kurdish as Hewlêr...
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
Kurdistan Workers Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
History of Sidekan
After 1958 and the return of Mullah Mustafa BarzaniMustafa Barzani
Mustafa Barzani also known as Mullah Mustafa was a Kurdish nationalist leader, and the most prominent political figure in the modern Kurdish politics. In 1946 he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to lead the Kurdish revolution against Iraqi regimes...
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Holy land of Muṣaṣir
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
Musasir
Muṣaṣir , in Urartian Ardini was an ancient city of Urartu, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC....
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
Ardini Kingdom
Ardini was one of the city of ancient Musasir who mentioned in Keleshin stele, the location of this city is now called (Hérdeni) not too far from Mucéser five km from Sidekan town.Kéleshin Stele
Kéle shin meaning "Green stone" in KurdishKurdish language
Kurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia , ancient name: Lake Matiene) is a salt lake in northwestern Iran, near Iran's border with Turkey. The lake is between the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped Caspian Sea...
. The Kélashin Stele
Kelashin Stele
The Kelashin Stele found in Kelashin, Iraq, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz in 1827...
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz was a German philosopher and orientalist, who was one of the first to uncover evidence of the Kingdom of Urartu.- Research on Urartu :...
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
Topzawa stele
From Topzawa (Topzawä), 25 km is from Kéleshin, a bilingual Stele of King Rusa I urartu. It is badly preserved. The text tells how Urzana appeared in front of Musasir Rusa, perhaps, as Russell suggested, to seek for help against the Assyrians. Rusa attacked the Assyrians and Urzana sat on the throne of his fathers. Musasir were offered to the gods of sacrifice. At the end of the inscription are the one who destroys, threatened the usual punishment of the gods. Most researchers assume that Musasir was in the vicinity of TopzawaClans and Tribes
Sidekan is inhabited by the clan of bradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
- Begzade in the villages of (Mucéser, or Mudjesir :old Muṣaṣir), Lolan and in Dashti-Berazgir.
- Khakurki in Khakurk (Hakurk) area close to ShemdinanSemdinliŞemdinli is a district located in the Hakkari Province of southeastern Turkey.The population is 11,211 as of 2010.It was previously in the Ottoman vilayet of Van and the district centre was called Nevşehir...
district with turkish border. - Piresni in Sidekan town, zerza valley and outlying areas.
- Rewendok including Shekhzade branch, in Dashti Hért who live as Semi-Nomade and their summer residences are in Kéle ShinKelashinKelashin is a mountain village in northern Iraq, near the Kelashin Pass to Iran, some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia....
Pass close to OshnaviehOshnaviehOshnavieh is a city in and the capital of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29,896, in 6,572 families....
inside Iran border
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
Mountains
Bradost is a mountainous area characterized by high mountains the most famous one is Helgurd (the peak of Hasarost)in the south eastalso there are : Goshine ,Bizeen, Berbizeen, Shekiw, Déwane, Siako, Hesenbeg, Bolé, Rebenok, Qelender, Awedel Kéw, xréne.Villages
- Kezhek, Hewélan, Shiwan, Kewne-Sidekan, Mujéser, Qelétan, (in Sidekan Velley)
- Topzawa (with Topzawa srele), Bené, Shiwegermik seru & khwaru, Basekan, joner, ..etc (Zerzé Valley)
- Zhuzhile, Hérden, Ketine, Bolé, Kani She'ban, Déré, Birte, Bésewé, Sorya, Telan, Béqepushik, Malle mela, Gurizhge ... etc (Bolé-Muhacir area)
- Bozan, Létan, Delewe, Zhilya, Gojar, Nawdarok, Bérkime, Baske kon, Bejan, Pungusta, Qulek ... etc (Létan valley)
- Khumari, Jera, Gorrebeterash, Hetkan, Khdrawa, Nékewe, khoran, Bizinkirre, Rikawa ... etc (Deshte Hért)
- Minan, Lélkan, Gorra, Kewert, Nawmérgan, Herkélan, Shikerran, Blesenan ... (Lélkan, Shekhzade area)
- Duremilk, Kolitan, Aristan, Zérkan, zenda .... Lérsmaq valley
- Heyat, Sida, Shoshin, Bené, Bermize, Lakota, Harune, Chemelua, Geliresh, Siro Zerwa.... etc (Deshti Berazgir area)
- Kani resh, Elmush, Muslok, Khezne, Zyaret, Shushan (Khakurk area)
- Lolan, Male mela, Khnére, ... etc (Lolan area)
Rivers
- Haji beg , originate from Khakurk and pour out into upper Zab in the village of Rézan (Barzan area)
- Gader rise from Lolan area and crosses into Deshti-Shno and Silduz (Neghede) and pour out into the Lake of Urumia (Iran)
- Zena thru Letan valley into Balekyan branch and then to Zab (in Khelan village).
Lakes
there are some Volcanic lake located in the highlands close to Kileshin passag, locally called (bérm) which mean small lakelet. the famouse one is (Bérm of Dindaran). in the graphics of Musasir (assyrian inscriptions) this lake is shown up.Gallery
Sidekan also called BradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
Arbil
Arbil / Hewlêr is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul...
in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Kurdistan Region is an autonomous region of Iraq. It borders Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the west and the rest of Iraq to the south. The regional capital is Arbil, known in Kurdish as Hewlêr...
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
Kurdistan Workers Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
History of Sidekan
After 1958 and the return of Mullah Mustafa BarzaniMustafa Barzani
Mustafa Barzani also known as Mullah Mustafa was a Kurdish nationalist leader, and the most prominent political figure in the modern Kurdish politics. In 1946 he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to lead the Kurdish revolution against Iraqi regimes...
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Holy land of Muṣaṣir
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
Musasir
Muṣaṣir , in Urartian Ardini was an ancient city of Urartu, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC....
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
Ardini Kingdom
Ardini was one of the city of ancient Musasir who mentioned in Keleshin stele, the location of this city is now called (Hérdeni) not too far from Mucéser five km from Sidekan town.Kéleshin Stele
Kéle shin meaning "Green stone" in KurdishKurdish language
Kurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia , ancient name: Lake Matiene) is a salt lake in northwestern Iran, near Iran's border with Turkey. The lake is between the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped Caspian Sea...
. The Kélashin Stele
Kelashin Stele
The Kelashin Stele found in Kelashin, Iraq, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz in 1827...
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz was a German philosopher and orientalist, who was one of the first to uncover evidence of the Kingdom of Urartu.- Research on Urartu :...
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
Topzawa stele
From Topzawa (Topzawä), 25 km is from Kéleshin, a bilingual Stele of King Rusa I urartu. It is badly preserved. The text tells how Urzana appeared in front of Musasir Rusa, perhaps, as Russell suggested, to seek for help against the Assyrians. Rusa attacked the Assyrians and Urzana sat on the throne of his fathers. Musasir were offered to the gods of sacrifice. At the end of the inscription are the one who destroys, threatened the usual punishment of the gods. Most researchers assume that Musasir was in the vicinity of TopzawaClans and Tribes
Sidekan is inhabited by the clan of bradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
- Begzade in the villages of (Mucéser, or Mudjesir :old Muṣaṣir), Lolan and in Dashti-Berazgir.
- Khakurki in Khakurk (Hakurk) area close to ShemdinanSemdinliŞemdinli is a district located in the Hakkari Province of southeastern Turkey.The population is 11,211 as of 2010.It was previously in the Ottoman vilayet of Van and the district centre was called Nevşehir...
district with turkish border. - Piresni in Sidekan town, zerza valley and outlying areas.
- Rewendok including Shekhzade branch, in Dashti Hért who live as Semi-Nomade and their summer residences are in Kéle ShinKelashinKelashin is a mountain village in northern Iraq, near the Kelashin Pass to Iran, some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia....
Pass close to OshnaviehOshnaviehOshnavieh is a city in and the capital of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29,896, in 6,572 families....
inside Iran border
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
Mountains
Bradost is a mountainous area characterized by high mountains the most famous one is Helgurd (the peak of Hasarost)in the south eastalso there are : Goshine ,Bizeen, Berbizeen, Shekiw, Déwane, Siako, Hesenbeg, Bolé, Rebenok, Qelender, Awedel Kéw, xréne.Villages
- Kezhek, Hewélan, Shiwan, Kewne-Sidekan, Mujéser, Qelétan, (in Sidekan Velley)
- Topzawa (with Topzawa srele), Bené, Shiwegermik seru & khwaru, Basekan, joner, ..etc (Zerzé Valley)
- Zhuzhile, Hérden, Ketine, Bolé, Kani She'ban, Déré, Birte, Bésewé, Sorya, Telan, Béqepushik, Malle mela, Gurizhge ... etc (Bolé-Muhacir area)
- Bozan, Létan, Delewe, Zhilya, Gojar, Nawdarok, Bérkime, Baske kon, Bejan, Pungusta, Qulek ... etc (Létan valley)
- Khumari, Jera, Gorrebeterash, Hetkan, Khdrawa, Nékewe, khoran, Bizinkirre, Rikawa ... etc (Deshte Hért)
- Minan, Lélkan, Gorra, Kewert, Nawmérgan, Herkélan, Shikerran, Blesenan ... (Lélkan, Shekhzade area)
- Duremilk, Kolitan, Aristan, Zérkan, zenda .... Lérsmaq valley
- Heyat, Sida, Shoshin, Bené, Bermize, Lakota, Harune, Chemelua, Geliresh, Siro Zerwa.... etc (Deshti Berazgir area)
- Kani resh, Elmush, Muslok, Khezne, Zyaret, Shushan (Khakurk area)
- Lolan, Male mela, Khnére, ... etc (Lolan area)
Rivers
- Haji beg , originate from Khakurk and pour out into upper Zab in the village of Rézan (Barzan area)
- Gader rise from Lolan area and crosses into Deshti-Shno and Silduz (Neghede) and pour out into the Lake of Urumia (Iran)
- Zena thru Letan valley into Balekyan branch and then to Zab (in Khelan village).
Lakes
there are some Volcanic lake located in the highlands close to Kileshin passag, locally called (bérm) which mean small lakelet. the famouse one is (Bérm of Dindaran). in the graphics of Musasir (assyrian inscriptions) this lake is shown up.Gallery
Sidekan also called BradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
Arbil
Arbil / Hewlêr is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul...
in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Kurdistan Region is an autonomous region of Iraq. It borders Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the west and the rest of Iraq to the south. The regional capital is Arbil, known in Kurdish as Hewlêr...
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
Kurdistan Workers Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
History of Sidekan
After 1958 and the return of Mullah Mustafa BarzaniMustafa Barzani
Mustafa Barzani also known as Mullah Mustafa was a Kurdish nationalist leader, and the most prominent political figure in the modern Kurdish politics. In 1946 he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to lead the Kurdish revolution against Iraqi regimes...
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Holy land of Muṣaṣir
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
Musasir
Muṣaṣir , in Urartian Ardini was an ancient city of Urartu, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC....
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
Ardini Kingdom
Ardini was one of the city of ancient Musasir who mentioned in Keleshin stele, the location of this city is now called (Hérdeni) not too far from Mucéser five km from Sidekan town.Kéleshin Stele
Kéle shin meaning "Green stone" in KurdishKurdish language
Kurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia , ancient name: Lake Matiene) is a salt lake in northwestern Iran, near Iran's border with Turkey. The lake is between the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped Caspian Sea...
. The Kélashin Stele
Kelashin Stele
The Kelashin Stele found in Kelashin, Iraq, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz in 1827...
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz was a German philosopher and orientalist, who was one of the first to uncover evidence of the Kingdom of Urartu.- Research on Urartu :...
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
Topzawa stele
From Topzawa (Topzawä), 25 km is from Kéleshin, a bilingual Stele of King Rusa I urartu. It is badly preserved. The text tells how Urzana appeared in front of Musasir Rusa, perhaps, as Russell suggested, to seek for help against the Assyrians. Rusa attacked the Assyrians and Urzana sat on the throne of his fathers. Musasir were offered to the gods of sacrifice. At the end of the inscription are the one who destroys, threatened the usual punishment of the gods. Most researchers assume that Musasir was in the vicinity of TopzawaClans and Tribes
Sidekan is inhabited by the clan of bradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
- Begzade in the villages of (Mucéser, or Mudjesir :old Muṣaṣir), Lolan and in Dashti-Berazgir.
- Khakurki in Khakurk (Hakurk) area close to ShemdinanSemdinliŞemdinli is a district located in the Hakkari Province of southeastern Turkey.The population is 11,211 as of 2010.It was previously in the Ottoman vilayet of Van and the district centre was called Nevşehir...
district with turkish border. - Piresni in Sidekan town, zerza valley and outlying areas.
- Rewendok including Shekhzade branch, in Dashti Hért who live as Semi-Nomade and their summer residences are in Kéle ShinKelashinKelashin is a mountain village in northern Iraq, near the Kelashin Pass to Iran, some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia....
Pass close to OshnaviehOshnaviehOshnavieh is a city in and the capital of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29,896, in 6,572 families....
inside Iran border
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
Mountains
Bradost is a mountainous area characterized by high mountains the most famous one is Helgurd (the peak of Hasarost)in the south eastalso there are : Goshine ,Bizeen, Berbizeen, Shekiw, Déwane, Siako, Hesenbeg, Bolé, Rebenok, Qelender, Awedel Kéw, xréne.Villages
- Kezhek, Hewélan, Shiwan, Kewne-Sidekan, Mujéser, Qelétan, (in Sidekan Velley)
- Topzawa (with Topzawa srele), Bené, Shiwegermik seru & khwaru, Basekan, joner, ..etc (Zerzé Valley)
- Zhuzhile, Hérden, Ketine, Bolé, Kani She'ban, Déré, Birte, Bésewé, Sorya, Telan, Béqepushik, Malle mela, Gurizhge ... etc (Bolé-Muhacir area)
- Bozan, Létan, Delewe, Zhilya, Gojar, Nawdarok, Bérkime, Baske kon, Bejan, Pungusta, Qulek ... etc (Létan valley)
- Khumari, Jera, Gorrebeterash, Hetkan, Khdrawa, Nékewe, khoran, Bizinkirre, Rikawa ... etc (Deshte Hért)
- Minan, Lélkan, Gorra, Kewert, Nawmérgan, Herkélan, Shikerran, Blesenan ... (Lélkan, Shekhzade area)
- Duremilk, Kolitan, Aristan, Zérkan, zenda .... Lérsmaq valley
- Heyat, Sida, Shoshin, Bené, Bermize, Lakota, Harune, Chemelua, Geliresh, Siro Zerwa.... etc (Deshti Berazgir area)
- Kani resh, Elmush, Muslok, Khezne, Zyaret, Shushan (Khakurk area)
- Lolan, Male mela, Khnére, ... etc (Lolan area)
Rivers
- Haji beg , originate from Khakurk and pour out into upper Zab in the village of Rézan (Barzan area)
- Gader rise from Lolan area and crosses into Deshti-Shno and Silduz (Neghede) and pour out into the Lake of Urumia (Iran)
- Zena thru Letan valley into Balekyan branch and then to Zab (in Khelan village).
Lakes
there are some Volcanic lake located in the highlands close to Kileshin passag, locally called (bérm) which mean small lakelet. the famouse one is (Bérm of Dindaran). in the graphics of Musasir (assyrian inscriptions) this lake is shown up.Gallery
Sidekan also called BradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
Arbil
Arbil / Hewlêr is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul...
in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Kurdistan Region is an autonomous region of Iraq. It borders Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the west and the rest of Iraq to the south. The regional capital is Arbil, known in Kurdish as Hewlêr...
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
Kurdistan Workers Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
History of Sidekan
After 1958 and the return of Mullah Mustafa BarzaniMustafa Barzani
Mustafa Barzani also known as Mullah Mustafa was a Kurdish nationalist leader, and the most prominent political figure in the modern Kurdish politics. In 1946 he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to lead the Kurdish revolution against Iraqi regimes...
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Holy land of Muṣaṣir
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
Musasir
Muṣaṣir , in Urartian Ardini was an ancient city of Urartu, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC....
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
Ardini Kingdom
Ardini was one of the city of ancient Musasir who mentioned in Keleshin stele, the location of this city is now called (Hérdeni) not too far from Mucéser five km from Sidekan town.Kéleshin Stele
Kéle shin meaning "Green stone" in KurdishKurdish language
Kurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia , ancient name: Lake Matiene) is a salt lake in northwestern Iran, near Iran's border with Turkey. The lake is between the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped Caspian Sea...
. The Kélashin Stele
Kelashin Stele
The Kelashin Stele found in Kelashin, Iraq, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz in 1827...
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz was a German philosopher and orientalist, who was one of the first to uncover evidence of the Kingdom of Urartu.- Research on Urartu :...
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
Topzawa stele
From Topzawa (Topzawä), 25 km is from Kéleshin, a bilingual Stele of King Rusa I urartu. It is badly preserved. The text tells how Urzana appeared in front of Musasir Rusa, perhaps, as Russell suggested, to seek for help against the Assyrians. Rusa attacked the Assyrians and Urzana sat on the throne of his fathers. Musasir were offered to the gods of sacrifice. At the end of the inscription are the one who destroys, threatened the usual punishment of the gods. Most researchers assume that Musasir was in the vicinity of TopzawaClans and Tribes
Sidekan is inhabited by the clan of bradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
- Begzade in the villages of (Mucéser, or Mudjesir :old Muṣaṣir), Lolan and in Dashti-Berazgir.
- Khakurki in Khakurk (Hakurk) area close to ShemdinanSemdinliŞemdinli is a district located in the Hakkari Province of southeastern Turkey.The population is 11,211 as of 2010.It was previously in the Ottoman vilayet of Van and the district centre was called Nevşehir...
district with turkish border. - Piresni in Sidekan town, zerza valley and outlying areas.
- Rewendok including Shekhzade branch, in Dashti Hért who live as Semi-Nomade and their summer residences are in Kéle ShinKelashinKelashin is a mountain village in northern Iraq, near the Kelashin Pass to Iran, some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia....
Pass close to OshnaviehOshnaviehOshnavieh is a city in and the capital of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29,896, in 6,572 families....
inside Iran border
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
Mountains
Bradost is a mountainous area characterized by high mountains the most famous one is Helgurd (the peak of Hasarost)in the south eastalso there are : Goshine ,Bizeen, Berbizeen, Shekiw, Déwane, Siako, Hesenbeg, Bolé, Rebenok, Qelender, Awedel Kéw, xréne.Villages
- Kezhek, Hewélan, Shiwan, Kewne-Sidekan, Mujéser, Qelétan, (in Sidekan Velley)
- Topzawa (with Topzawa srele), Bené, Shiwegermik seru & khwaru, Basekan, joner, ..etc (Zerzé Valley)
- Zhuzhile, Hérden, Ketine, Bolé, Kani She'ban, Déré, Birte, Bésewé, Sorya, Telan, Béqepushik, Malle mela, Gurizhge ... etc (Bolé-Muhacir area)
- Bozan, Létan, Delewe, Zhilya, Gojar, Nawdarok, Bérkime, Baske kon, Bejan, Pungusta, Qulek ... etc (Létan valley)
- Khumari, Jera, Gorrebeterash, Hetkan, Khdrawa, Nékewe, khoran, Bizinkirre, Rikawa ... etc (Deshte Hért)
- Minan, Lélkan, Gorra, Kewert, Nawmérgan, Herkélan, Shikerran, Blesenan ... (Lélkan, Shekhzade area)
- Duremilk, Kolitan, Aristan, Zérkan, zenda .... Lérsmaq valley
- Heyat, Sida, Shoshin, Bené, Bermize, Lakota, Harune, Chemelua, Geliresh, Siro Zerwa.... etc (Deshti Berazgir area)
- Kani resh, Elmush, Muslok, Khezne, Zyaret, Shushan (Khakurk area)
- Lolan, Male mela, Khnére, ... etc (Lolan area)
Rivers
- Haji beg , originate from Khakurk and pour out into upper Zab in the village of Rézan (Barzan area)
- Gader rise from Lolan area and crosses into Deshti-Shno and Silduz (Neghede) and pour out into the Lake of Urumia (Iran)
- Zena thru Letan valley into Balekyan branch and then to Zab (in Khelan village).
Lakes
there are some Volcanic lake located in the highlands close to Kileshin passag, locally called (bérm) which mean small lakelet. the famouse one is (Bérm of Dindaran). in the graphics of Musasir (assyrian inscriptions) this lake is shown up.Gallery
Sidekan also called BradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
Arbil
Arbil / Hewlêr is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul...
in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Kurdistan Region is an autonomous region of Iraq. It borders Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the west and the rest of Iraq to the south. The regional capital is Arbil, known in Kurdish as Hewlêr...
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
Kurdistan Workers Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
History of Sidekan
After 1958 and the return of Mullah Mustafa BarzaniMustafa Barzani
Mustafa Barzani also known as Mullah Mustafa was a Kurdish nationalist leader, and the most prominent political figure in the modern Kurdish politics. In 1946 he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to lead the Kurdish revolution against Iraqi regimes...
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Holy land of Muṣaṣir
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
Musasir
Muṣaṣir , in Urartian Ardini was an ancient city of Urartu, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC....
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
Ardini Kingdom
Ardini was one of the city of ancient Musasir who mentioned in Keleshin stele, the location of this city is now called (Hérdeni) not too far from Mucéser five km from Sidekan town.Kéleshin Stele
Kéle shin meaning "Green stone" in KurdishKurdish language
Kurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia , ancient name: Lake Matiene) is a salt lake in northwestern Iran, near Iran's border with Turkey. The lake is between the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped Caspian Sea...
. The Kélashin Stele
Kelashin Stele
The Kelashin Stele found in Kelashin, Iraq, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz in 1827...
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz was a German philosopher and orientalist, who was one of the first to uncover evidence of the Kingdom of Urartu.- Research on Urartu :...
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
Topzawa stele
From Topzawa (Topzawä), 25 km is from Kéleshin, a bilingual Stele of King Rusa I urartu. It is badly preserved. The text tells how Urzana appeared in front of Musasir Rusa, perhaps, as Russell suggested, to seek for help against the Assyrians. Rusa attacked the Assyrians and Urzana sat on the throne of his fathers. Musasir were offered to the gods of sacrifice. At the end of the inscription are the one who destroys, threatened the usual punishment of the gods. Most researchers assume that Musasir was in the vicinity of TopzawaClans and Tribes
Sidekan is inhabited by the clan of bradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
- Begzade in the villages of (Mucéser, or Mudjesir :old Muṣaṣir), Lolan and in Dashti-Berazgir.
- Khakurki in Khakurk (Hakurk) area close to ShemdinanSemdinliŞemdinli is a district located in the Hakkari Province of southeastern Turkey.The population is 11,211 as of 2010.It was previously in the Ottoman vilayet of Van and the district centre was called Nevşehir...
district with turkish border. - Piresni in Sidekan town, zerza valley and outlying areas.
- Rewendok including Shekhzade branch, in Dashti Hért who live as Semi-Nomade and their summer residences are in Kéle ShinKelashinKelashin is a mountain village in northern Iraq, near the Kelashin Pass to Iran, some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia....
Pass close to OshnaviehOshnaviehOshnavieh is a city in and the capital of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29,896, in 6,572 families....
inside Iran border
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
Mountains
Bradost is a mountainous area characterized by high mountains the most famous one is Helgurd (the peak of Hasarost)in the south eastalso there are : Goshine ,Bizeen, Berbizeen, Shekiw, Déwane, Siako, Hesenbeg, Bolé, Rebenok, Qelender, Awedel Kéw, xréne.Villages
- Kezhek, Hewélan, Shiwan, Kewne-Sidekan, Mujéser, Qelétan, (in Sidekan Velley)
- Topzawa (with Topzawa srele), Bené, Shiwegermik seru & khwaru, Basekan, joner, ..etc (Zerzé Valley)
- Zhuzhile, Hérden, Ketine, Bolé, Kani She'ban, Déré, Birte, Bésewé, Sorya, Telan, Béqepushik, Malle mela, Gurizhge ... etc (Bolé-Muhacir area)
- Bozan, Létan, Delewe, Zhilya, Gojar, Nawdarok, Bérkime, Baske kon, Bejan, Pungusta, Qulek ... etc (Létan valley)
- Khumari, Jera, Gorrebeterash, Hetkan, Khdrawa, Nékewe, khoran, Bizinkirre, Rikawa ... etc (Deshte Hért)
- Minan, Lélkan, Gorra, Kewert, Nawmérgan, Herkélan, Shikerran, Blesenan ... (Lélkan, Shekhzade area)
- Duremilk, Kolitan, Aristan, Zérkan, zenda .... Lérsmaq valley
- Heyat, Sida, Shoshin, Bené, Bermize, Lakota, Harune, Chemelua, Geliresh, Siro Zerwa.... etc (Deshti Berazgir area)
- Kani resh, Elmush, Muslok, Khezne, Zyaret, Shushan (Khakurk area)
- Lolan, Male mela, Khnére, ... etc (Lolan area)
Rivers
- Haji beg , originate from Khakurk and pour out into upper Zab in the village of Rézan (Barzan area)
- Gader rise from Lolan area and crosses into Deshti-Shno and Silduz (Neghede) and pour out into the Lake of Urumia (Iran)
- Zena thru Letan valley into Balekyan branch and then to Zab (in Khelan village).
Lakes
there are some Volcanic lake located in the highlands close to Kileshin passag, locally called (bérm) which mean small lakelet. the famouse one is (Bérm of Dindaran). in the graphics of Musasir (assyrian inscriptions) this lake is shown up.Gallery
Sidekan also called BradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
Arbil
Arbil / Hewlêr is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul...
in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Kurdistan Region is an autonomous region of Iraq. It borders Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the west and the rest of Iraq to the south. The regional capital is Arbil, known in Kurdish as Hewlêr...
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
Kurdistan Workers Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
History of Sidekan
After 1958 and the return of Mullah Mustafa BarzaniMustafa Barzani
Mustafa Barzani also known as Mullah Mustafa was a Kurdish nationalist leader, and the most prominent political figure in the modern Kurdish politics. In 1946 he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to lead the Kurdish revolution against Iraqi regimes...
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Holy land of Muṣaṣir
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
Musasir
Muṣaṣir , in Urartian Ardini was an ancient city of Urartu, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC....
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
Ardini Kingdom
Ardini was one of the city of ancient Musasir who mentioned in Keleshin stele, the location of this city is now called (Hérdeni) not too far from Mucéser five km from Sidekan town.Kéleshin Stele
Kéle shin meaning "Green stone" in KurdishKurdish language
Kurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia , ancient name: Lake Matiene) is a salt lake in northwestern Iran, near Iran's border with Turkey. The lake is between the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped Caspian Sea...
. The Kélashin Stele
Kelashin Stele
The Kelashin Stele found in Kelashin, Iraq, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz in 1827...
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz was a German philosopher and orientalist, who was one of the first to uncover evidence of the Kingdom of Urartu.- Research on Urartu :...
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
Topzawa stele
From Topzawa (Topzawä), 25 km is from Kéleshin, a bilingual Stele of King Rusa I urartu. It is badly preserved. The text tells how Urzana appeared in front of Musasir Rusa, perhaps, as Russell suggested, to seek for help against the Assyrians. Rusa attacked the Assyrians and Urzana sat on the throne of his fathers. Musasir were offered to the gods of sacrifice. At the end of the inscription are the one who destroys, threatened the usual punishment of the gods. Most researchers assume that Musasir was in the vicinity of TopzawaClans and Tribes
Sidekan is inhabited by the clan of bradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
- Begzade in the villages of (Mucéser, or Mudjesir :old Muṣaṣir), Lolan and in Dashti-Berazgir.
- Khakurki in Khakurk (Hakurk) area close to ShemdinanSemdinliŞemdinli is a district located in the Hakkari Province of southeastern Turkey.The population is 11,211 as of 2010.It was previously in the Ottoman vilayet of Van and the district centre was called Nevşehir...
district with turkish border. - Piresni in Sidekan town, zerza valley and outlying areas.
- Rewendok including Shekhzade branch, in Dashti Hért who live as Semi-Nomade and their summer residences are in Kéle ShinKelashinKelashin is a mountain village in northern Iraq, near the Kelashin Pass to Iran, some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia....
Pass close to OshnaviehOshnaviehOshnavieh is a city in and the capital of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29,896, in 6,572 families....
inside Iran border
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
Mountains
Bradost is a mountainous area characterized by high mountains the most famous one is Helgurd (the peak of Hasarost)in the south eastalso there are : Goshine ,Bizeen, Berbizeen, Shekiw, Déwane, Siako, Hesenbeg, Bolé, Rebenok, Qelender, Awedel Kéw, xréne.Villages
- Kezhek, Hewélan, Shiwan, Kewne-Sidekan, Mujéser, Qelétan, (in Sidekan Velley)
- Topzawa (with Topzawa srele), Bené, Shiwegermik seru & khwaru, Basekan, joner, ..etc (Zerzé Valley)
- Zhuzhile, Hérden, Ketine, Bolé, Kani She'ban, Déré, Birte, Bésewé, Sorya, Telan, Béqepushik, Malle mela, Gurizhge ... etc (Bolé-Muhacir area)
- Bozan, Létan, Delewe, Zhilya, Gojar, Nawdarok, Bérkime, Baske kon, Bejan, Pungusta, Qulek ... etc (Létan valley)
- Khumari, Jera, Gorrebeterash, Hetkan, Khdrawa, Nékewe, khoran, Bizinkirre, Rikawa ... etc (Deshte Hért)
- Minan, Lélkan, Gorra, Kewert, Nawmérgan, Herkélan, Shikerran, Blesenan ... (Lélkan, Shekhzade area)
- Duremilk, Kolitan, Aristan, Zérkan, zenda .... Lérsmaq valley
- Heyat, Sida, Shoshin, Bené, Bermize, Lakota, Harune, Chemelua, Geliresh, Siro Zerwa.... etc (Deshti Berazgir area)
- Kani resh, Elmush, Muslok, Khezne, Zyaret, Shushan (Khakurk area)
- Lolan, Male mela, Khnére, ... etc (Lolan area)
Rivers
- Haji beg , originate from Khakurk and pour out into upper Zab in the village of Rézan (Barzan area)
- Gader rise from Lolan area and crosses into Deshti-Shno and Silduz (Neghede) and pour out into the Lake of Urumia (Iran)
- Zena thru Letan valley into Balekyan branch and then to Zab (in Khelan village).
Lakes
there are some Volcanic lake located in the highlands close to Kileshin passag, locally called (bérm) which mean small lakelet. the famouse one is (Bérm of Dindaran). in the graphics of Musasir (assyrian inscriptions) this lake is shown up.Gallery
Sidekan also called BradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
Arbil
Arbil / Hewlêr is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul...
in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Kurdistan Region is an autonomous region of Iraq. It borders Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the west and the rest of Iraq to the south. The regional capital is Arbil, known in Kurdish as Hewlêr...
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
Kurdistan Workers Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
History of Sidekan
After 1958 and the return of Mullah Mustafa BarzaniMustafa Barzani
Mustafa Barzani also known as Mullah Mustafa was a Kurdish nationalist leader, and the most prominent political figure in the modern Kurdish politics. In 1946 he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to lead the Kurdish revolution against Iraqi regimes...
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Holy land of Muṣaṣir
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
Musasir
Muṣaṣir , in Urartian Ardini was an ancient city of Urartu, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC....
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
Ardini Kingdom
Ardini was one of the city of ancient Musasir who mentioned in Keleshin stele, the location of this city is now called (Hérdeni) not too far from Mucéser five km from Sidekan town.Kéleshin Stele
Kéle shin meaning "Green stone" in KurdishKurdish language
Kurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia , ancient name: Lake Matiene) is a salt lake in northwestern Iran, near Iran's border with Turkey. The lake is between the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped Caspian Sea...
. The Kélashin Stele
Kelashin Stele
The Kelashin Stele found in Kelashin, Iraq, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz in 1827...
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz was a German philosopher and orientalist, who was one of the first to uncover evidence of the Kingdom of Urartu.- Research on Urartu :...
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
Topzawa stele
From Topzawa (Topzawä), 25 km is from Kéleshin, a bilingual Stele of King Rusa I urartu. It is badly preserved. The text tells how Urzana appeared in front of Musasir Rusa, perhaps, as Russell suggested, to seek for help against the Assyrians. Rusa attacked the Assyrians and Urzana sat on the throne of his fathers. Musasir were offered to the gods of sacrifice. At the end of the inscription are the one who destroys, threatened the usual punishment of the gods. Most researchers assume that Musasir was in the vicinity of TopzawaClans and Tribes
Sidekan is inhabited by the clan of bradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
- Begzade in the villages of (Mucéser, or Mudjesir :old Muṣaṣir), Lolan and in Dashti-Berazgir.
- Khakurki in Khakurk (Hakurk) area close to ShemdinanSemdinliŞemdinli is a district located in the Hakkari Province of southeastern Turkey.The population is 11,211 as of 2010.It was previously in the Ottoman vilayet of Van and the district centre was called Nevşehir...
district with turkish border. - Piresni in Sidekan town, zerza valley and outlying areas.
- Rewendok including Shekhzade branch, in Dashti Hért who live as Semi-Nomade and their summer residences are in Kéle ShinKelashinKelashin is a mountain village in northern Iraq, near the Kelashin Pass to Iran, some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia....
Pass close to OshnaviehOshnaviehOshnavieh is a city in and the capital of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29,896, in 6,572 families....
inside Iran border
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
Mountains
Bradost is a mountainous area characterized by high mountains the most famous one is Helgurd (the peak of Hasarost)in the south eastalso there are : Goshine ,Bizeen, Berbizeen, Shekiw, Déwane, Siako, Hesenbeg, Bolé, Rebenok, Qelender, Awedel Kéw, xréne.Villages
- Kezhek, Hewélan, Shiwan, Kewne-Sidekan, Mujéser, Qelétan, (in Sidekan Velley)
- Topzawa (with Topzawa srele), Bené, Shiwegermik seru & khwaru, Basekan, joner, ..etc (Zerzé Valley)
- Zhuzhile, Hérden, Ketine, Bolé, Kani She'ban, Déré, Birte, Bésewé, Sorya, Telan, Béqepushik, Malle mela, Gurizhge ... etc (Bolé-Muhacir area)
- Bozan, Létan, Delewe, Zhilya, Gojar, Nawdarok, Bérkime, Baske kon, Bejan, Pungusta, Qulek ... etc (Létan valley)
- Khumari, Jera, Gorrebeterash, Hetkan, Khdrawa, Nékewe, khoran, Bizinkirre, Rikawa ... etc (Deshte Hért)
- Minan, Lélkan, Gorra, Kewert, Nawmérgan, Herkélan, Shikerran, Blesenan ... (Lélkan, Shekhzade area)
- Duremilk, Kolitan, Aristan, Zérkan, zenda .... Lérsmaq valley
- Heyat, Sida, Shoshin, Bené, Bermize, Lakota, Harune, Chemelua, Geliresh, Siro Zerwa.... etc (Deshti Berazgir area)
- Kani resh, Elmush, Muslok, Khezne, Zyaret, Shushan (Khakurk area)
- Lolan, Male mela, Khnére, ... etc (Lolan area)
Rivers
- Haji beg , originate from Khakurk and pour out into upper Zab in the village of Rézan (Barzan area)
- Gader rise from Lolan area and crosses into Deshti-Shno and Silduz (Neghede) and pour out into the Lake of Urumia (Iran)
- Zena thru Letan valley into Balekyan branch and then to Zab (in Khelan village).
Lakes
there are some Volcanic lake located in the highlands close to Kileshin passag, locally called (bérm) which mean small lakelet. the famouse one is (Bérm of Dindaran). in the graphics of Musasir (assyrian inscriptions) this lake is shown up.Gallery
Sidekan also called BradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
, a vast sub-district belongs to Soran District (Diana-Rawanduz) north of Erbil
Arbil
Arbil / Hewlêr is the fourth largest city in Iraq after Baghdad, Basra and Mosul...
in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan or Kurdistan Region is an autonomous region of Iraq. It borders Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the west and the rest of Iraq to the south. The regional capital is Arbil, known in Kurdish as Hewlêr...
, with 250 villages, and population of less than 15000. the exact number of Bradostian people estimated more than this census but as the original habitants had been deported three times in 1961, 1978 and 1988 and a lot of them has not returned yet due to the frequently bombing by turkish and iranian army on the Kurdistan Workers Party
Kurdistan Workers Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party , commonly known as PKK, also known as KGK and formerly known as KADEK or KONGRA-GEL , is a Kurdish organization which has since 1984 been fighting an armed struggle against the Turkish state for an autonomous Kurdistan and greater cultural and political rights...
strongholds located in Khakurk mountains, and also because of the lack of renovation projects by the local authorities.
History of Sidekan
After 1958 and the return of Mullah Mustafa BarzaniMustafa Barzani
Mustafa Barzani also known as Mullah Mustafa was a Kurdish nationalist leader, and the most prominent political figure in the modern Kurdish politics. In 1946 he was chosen as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to lead the Kurdish revolution against Iraqi regimes...
from Russia, and then the outbreak of Kurdish revolution in 1961 under his leadership , Sidkan became a dangerous place to stay overall impact of some of its residents to leave them, especially the family of Sheikh Rashid Lolan and his Soffi followers and the family of Mahmoud Beg and his sons. Barzani had bad relationships with both families. firstly, they dwelled in Diana and Harir and then inside Erbil in both (Iskan) and (Azadi). In 1978 the government issued a decision to evacuated the border areas with Turkey and Iran to prevent contact between Kurdish rebels and villagers .. accordingly, Bradost people deported to Diana (Soran), Tobzawa, Kesnezan and Degele around the city of Erbil. the rest of them deported during Iraq-Iran war 1984-1988 to Badleyan near Diana.
the name of Sidekan had mentioned d in a Historical Islamic books in Arabic, "said Abu Abbas Qalqashandi who died in 821 Hijri wrote about Sidekan and their princes in his Book "Sobh a'sha" as one of the countries of Eastern during Hulagu khan rule (1217–1265) one of them was the prince Ali Hossam Eddin zerzari and prince Henesh bin Ismaiel the prince of Beazgir.
Holy land of Muṣaṣir
Sidkan old town was located near the village of Mucéser which was called Muṣaṣir
Musasir
Muṣaṣir , in Urartian Ardini was an ancient city of Urartu, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC....
which was an ancient Mannaean city, attested in Assyrian sources of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. It was acquired by the Urartian king Ishpuini ca. 800 BC . The city's tutelary deity was Ḫaldi. The name Musasir in Akkadian means exit of the serpent.The Musasir temple was an important Araratian temple in Musasir, The Temple at Musasir appears in an Assyrian bas-relief which adorned the palace of King Sargon II at Khorsapat, to commemorate his victory over "the seven kings of Ararat" in 714 BC. During the early 1850s, the British Assyrian Excavation Fund entered the field under William Kennett Loftus and many antiquities and accurate drawings of wall sculptures were apportioned between the British Museum and the Louvre. However, a convoy of antiquities was attacked by Arab robbers while being shipped down the Tigris River, and today lies buried somewhere in the bed of that river.
Ardini Kingdom
Ardini was one of the city of ancient Musasir who mentioned in Keleshin stele, the location of this city is now called (Hérdeni) not too far from Mucéser five km from Sidekan town.Kéleshin Stele
Kéle shin meaning "Green stone" in KurdishKurdish language
Kurdish is a dialect continuum spoken by the Kurds in western Asia. It is part of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian group of Indo-European languages....
is a mountain pass located on the Iranian border, Bradost area north of Iraqi Kurdistan some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia
Lake Urmia , ancient name: Lake Matiene) is a salt lake in northwestern Iran, near Iran's border with Turkey. The lake is between the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan, west of the southern portion of the similarly shaped Caspian Sea...
. The Kélashin Stele
Kelashin Stele
The Kelashin Stele found in Kelashin, Iraq, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz in 1827...
(also Kélishin Stele) found in Kélashin pass, bears an important Urartian-Assyrian bilingual text dating to ca. 800 BC, first described by Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz
Friedrich Eduard Schulz was a German philosopher and orientalist, who was one of the first to uncover evidence of the Kingdom of Urartu.- Research on Urartu :...
in 1827. Part of Schulz's notes were lost when he was killed by local brigands, and later expeditions were either prevented by weather conditions or brigands, so that a copy (latex squeeze) of the inscription could only be made in 1951 by G. Cameron, and again in 1976 by an Italian party under heavy military protection. The inscription describes the acquisition of the city of Musasir (Ardini) by the Urartian king Ishpuini the stele is now kept in the museum of Urmia city since 1984. also there are a small stele found in Topzawa village, close to Sidekan town called Topzawa stele. it kept in Erbil museum.
Topzawa stele
From Topzawa (Topzawä), 25 km is from Kéleshin, a bilingual Stele of King Rusa I urartu. It is badly preserved. The text tells how Urzana appeared in front of Musasir Rusa, perhaps, as Russell suggested, to seek for help against the Assyrians. Rusa attacked the Assyrians and Urzana sat on the throne of his fathers. Musasir were offered to the gods of sacrifice. At the end of the inscription are the one who destroys, threatened the usual punishment of the gods. Most researchers assume that Musasir was in the vicinity of TopzawaClans and Tribes
Sidekan is inhabited by the clan of bradostBradost
Bradost or Baradust is a famous clan inhabiting a vast geographical area located in the middle of historic Kurdistan, in the region between Iraq and Iran's borders. Sidakan District in Iraq is one of the largest areas inhabited by the Bradost clan. In Iran, the clan inhabited Somai Bradost, Doll...
or Biradost ( برادوست) which has four main branches:
- Begzade in the villages of (Mucéser, or Mudjesir :old Muṣaṣir), Lolan and in Dashti-Berazgir.
- Khakurki in Khakurk (Hakurk) area close to ShemdinanSemdinliŞemdinli is a district located in the Hakkari Province of southeastern Turkey.The population is 11,211 as of 2010.It was previously in the Ottoman vilayet of Van and the district centre was called Nevşehir...
district with turkish border. - Piresni in Sidekan town, zerza valley and outlying areas.
- Rewendok including Shekhzade branch, in Dashti Hért who live as Semi-Nomade and their summer residences are in Kéle ShinKelashinKelashin is a mountain village in northern Iraq, near the Kelashin Pass to Iran, some 80 km south-west of Lake Urmia....
Pass close to OshnaviehOshnaviehOshnavieh is a city in and the capital of Oshnavieh County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29,896, in 6,572 families....
inside Iran border
There is also a tribe of Muhacir who are originally immigrants came from north and east Kurdistan with Sheikh Taha Nehri and Simko Sihkak during Shemdinan-Chariq unrest in 1884 and 1915
Mountains
Bradost is a mountainous area characterized by high mountains the most famous one is Helgurd (the peak of Hasarost)in the south eastalso there are : Goshine ,Bizeen, Berbizeen, Shekiw, Déwane, Siako, Hesenbeg, Bolé, Rebenok, Qelender, Awedel Kéw, xréne.Villages
- Kezhek, Hewélan, Shiwan, Kewne-Sidekan, Mujéser, Qelétan, (in Sidekan Velley)
- Topzawa (with Topzawa srele), Bené, Shiwegermik seru & khwaru, Basekan, joner, ..etc (Zerzé Valley)
- Zhuzhile, Hérden, Ketine, Bolé, Kani She'ban, Déré, Birte, Bésewé, Sorya, Telan, Béqepushik, Malle mela, Gurizhge ... etc (Bolé-Muhacir area)
- Bozan, Létan, Delewe, Zhilya, Gojar, Nawdarok, Bérkime, Baske kon, Bejan, Pungusta, Qulek ... etc (Létan valley)
- Khumari, Jera, Gorrebeterash, Hetkan, Khdrawa, Nékewe, khoran, Bizinkirre, Rikawa ... etc (Deshte Hért)
- Minan, Lélkan, Gorra, Kewert, Nawmérgan, Herkélan, Shikerran, Blesenan ... (Lélkan, Shekhzade area)
- Duremilk, Kolitan, Aristan, Zérkan, zenda .... Lérsmaq valley
- Heyat, Sida, Shoshin, Bené, Bermize, Lakota, Harune, Chemelua, Geliresh, Siro Zerwa.... etc (Deshti Berazgir area)
- Kani resh, Elmush, Muslok, Khezne, Zyaret, Shushan (Khakurk area)
- Lolan, Male mela, Khnére, ... etc (Lolan area)
Rivers
- Haji beg , originate from Khakurk and pour out into upper Zab in the village of Rézan (Barzan area)
- Gader rise from Lolan area and crosses into Deshti-Shno and Silduz (Neghede) and pour out into the Lake of Urumia (Iran)
- Zena thru Letan valley into Balekyan branch and then to Zab (in Khelan village).
Lakes
there are some Volcanic lake located in the highlands close to Kileshin passag, locally called (bérm) which mean small lakelet. the famouse one is (Bérm of Dindaran). in the graphics of Musasir (assyrian inscriptions) this lake is shown up.Gallery
File:Halgurd 1.JPG | Helgurd peak
File:Rewendi woman.JPG | Rewendi Woman
File:sadam palace ruins.GIF | ruins of Saddam
Saddam
–Saddam is an Arabic name which means "One who confronts", other meanings include: "One who frequently causes collisions", "Powerful collider", "One who causes a collision that had bad results", "Powerful confronter", "One who frequently crashes", or "Powerful commander"...
palace on Hasanbeg mount.
File:Nilgiri Thar.jpg|Wild goat
Wild Goat
The wild goat is a widespread species of goat, with a distribution ranging from Europe and Asia Minor to central Asia and the Middle East. It is the ancestor of the domestic goat.-Social structure:...
File:Rewends.jpg|nomad rewends