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Second line



 
 
Second line is a tradition in brass band
Brass band

A brass band is a musical group generally consisting entirely of brass instruments, most often with a percussion section. Ensembles which include brass and woodwind instruments can in certain traditions also be termed brass bands , but are usually more correctly termed military bands, concert bands, wind bands or wind ensembles....
 parade
Parade

A parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and often accompanied by marching bands, float or sometimes large balloons....
s in New Orleans, Louisiana
New Orleans, Louisiana

New Orleans is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana. New Orleans is the center of the New Orleans metropolitan area metropolitan area, the largest metro area in the state....
! The term is also used for an associated traditional dance style!

Music
Music

Music is an art form whose media is sound organized in time. Common elements of music are pitch , rhythm , dynamics , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ....
 is an important part of most public events in traditional New Orleans culture. Processions with music include the periodic parades of benevolent societies
Benevolent Society

The Benevolent Society is Australia?s oldest charity, although it now prefers to regard itself as a ??social enterprise??. It was founded as the Benevolent Society of New South Wales by Edward Smith Hall in 1813, is and since its earliest days its members have advocated for positive social change and progressive social policy....
, social aid & pleasure clubs, such as Zulu
Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club

The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club is a Carnival Krewe in New Orleans, Louisiana which puts on the Zulu parade each New Orleans Mardi Gras Day....
, other Carnival
New Orleans Mardi Gras

Mardi Gras in New Orleans, Louisiana, is one of the most famous Carnival celebrations in the world.The New Orleans Carnival season, with roots in preparing for the start of the Catholic season of Lent, starts on Twelfth Night ....
 krewe
Krewe

File:SpanishKreweTLH.jpgA Krewe is an organization that puts on a parade and or a ball for the Carnival season. The term is best known for its association with New Orleans Mardi Gras, but is also used in other Carnival celebrations around the Gulf of Mexico Coast, such as the Gasparilla Pirate Festival in Tampa, Florida, and Springtime Tal...
s, and of course the famous funerals with music, often called "jazz funeral
Jazz funeral

Jazz funeral is a common name for a funeral tradition with music which developed in New Orleans, Louisiana.The term "jazz funeral" was long in use by observers from elsewhere, but was generally disdained as inappropriate by most New Orleans musicians and practitioners of the tradition....
s".

The "first line" of a funeral consisted of the people who were an integral part of the ceremony, such as the members of the club or krewe, or family and friends of the deceased.






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Second line is a tradition in brass band
Brass band

A brass band is a musical group generally consisting entirely of brass instruments, most often with a percussion section. Ensembles which include brass and woodwind instruments can in certain traditions also be termed brass bands , but are usually more correctly termed military bands, concert bands, wind bands or wind ensembles....
 parade
Parade

A parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and often accompanied by marching bands, float or sometimes large balloons....
s in New Orleans, Louisiana
New Orleans, Louisiana

New Orleans is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana. New Orleans is the center of the New Orleans metropolitan area metropolitan area, the largest metro area in the state....
! The term is also used for an associated traditional dance style!

Music
Music

Music is an art form whose media is sound organized in time. Common elements of music are pitch , rhythm , dynamics , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ....
 is an important part of most public events in traditional New Orleans culture. Processions with music include the periodic parades of benevolent societies
Benevolent Society

The Benevolent Society is Australia?s oldest charity, although it now prefers to regard itself as a ??social enterprise??. It was founded as the Benevolent Society of New South Wales by Edward Smith Hall in 1813, is and since its earliest days its members have advocated for positive social change and progressive social policy....
, social aid & pleasure clubs, such as Zulu
Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club

The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club is a Carnival Krewe in New Orleans, Louisiana which puts on the Zulu parade each New Orleans Mardi Gras Day....
, other Carnival
New Orleans Mardi Gras

Mardi Gras in New Orleans, Louisiana, is one of the most famous Carnival celebrations in the world.The New Orleans Carnival season, with roots in preparing for the start of the Catholic season of Lent, starts on Twelfth Night ....
 krewe
Krewe

File:SpanishKreweTLH.jpgA Krewe is an organization that puts on a parade and or a ball for the Carnival season. The term is best known for its association with New Orleans Mardi Gras, but is also used in other Carnival celebrations around the Gulf of Mexico Coast, such as the Gasparilla Pirate Festival in Tampa, Florida, and Springtime Tal...
s, and of course the famous funerals with music, often called "jazz funeral
Jazz funeral

Jazz funeral is a common name for a funeral tradition with music which developed in New Orleans, Louisiana.The term "jazz funeral" was long in use by observers from elsewhere, but was generally disdained as inappropriate by most New Orleans musicians and practitioners of the tradition....
s".

The "first line" of a funeral consisted of the people who were an integral part of the ceremony, such as the members of the club or krewe, or family and friends of the deceased. Usually brightly coloured items such as beads and feathers were offered to the "second line". The "second line" originally referred to people who were attracted to the music. Traditionally such people would follow behind the "first line." (In the final decades of the 20th century it became more common for some such onlookers who joined the procession to mix in or even get ahead of the band and first line, behavior considered a social faux pas
Faux pas

A faux pas is a violation of accepted social rules . Faux pas vary widely from culture to culture, and what is considered good manners in one culture can be considered a faux pas in another....
 by older New Orleanians.)

To follow such processions because one enjoyed the music came to be known as to "second line" or to be "second lining." Uninhibited dancing at processions also came to be called second lining.

The magazine of the New Orleans Jazz Club "The Second Line" took its name from the tradition in 1949.

Today, "second line" types of dances are held independently of funerals. Examples of modern uses include: at convention dinners held in New Orleans, during the Governor Kathleen Blanco
Kathleen Blanco

Kathleen Babineaux Blanco is a former Democratic Party of the United States Governor of Louisiana, having served from January 2004 until January 2008....
's inauguration ball in 2004, and as part of Tulane University
Tulane University

Tulane University is a private university, nonsectarian research university located in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Founded as a public medical college in 1834, the school grew into a comprehensive university and was eventually privatized under the endowments of Paul Tulane and Josephine Louise Newcomb in the late 19th century....
's annual graduation ceremonies. The style has spread beyond the confines of the city of New Orleans -- for example, the Boston-area second line brass bands Hot Tamale Brass Band and the Revolutionary Snake Ensemble
Revolutionary Snake Ensemble

The Revolutionary Snake Ensemble is an improvisational brass band based in the Boston, Massachusetts area that specializes in playing New Orleans second line brass band music, as well as other modern improvised celebratory music....
 leads seniors from one of the Harvard houses to that university's graduation ceremonies.

External links

  • Nick Spitzer, Southern Spaces, 29 August 2006
  • Nick Spitzer, Southern Spaces, 20 February 2004.
  • -- including pictures of second-liners
  • --Photographs of a jazz funeral