Rudolph Loewenstein (psychoanalyst)
Encyclopedia
Rudolph Maurice Loewenstein (January 17, 1898, in Łódź, Congress Poland
, Russian Empire
- April 14, 1976, in New York City
) was a Polish
-French
-American
psychoanalyst.
(between 1933 and 1939). In 1926, he founded the first French psychoanalytic society, the Société psychanalytique de Paris (SPP), along with eight other psychoanalysts, including René Laforgue
, Marie Bonaparte, Raymond de Saussure, and Angelo Hesnard. He was elected secretary of the SPP. In 1927, he participated in the creation of the Revue française de psychanalyse.
In 1930, he became a French citizen and began his studies anew - defending his thesis for a doctorate in medicine in 1935. In 1939, he was mobilized as a doctor in the French army. After the Armistice, he fled to the south of France and from there left for the United States, where he settled in New York. There he pursued a distinguished institutional career with the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA), becoming its vice president from 1965 to 1967.
Loewenstein is known, along with Ernst Kris
and Heinz Hartmann
, as one of the foremost figures of what has been called Ego psychology
.
Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland , informally known as Congress Poland , created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian parcel of Poland with the Russian Empire...
, Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
- April 14, 1976, in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
) was a Polish
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
-French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
-American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
psychoanalyst.
Biography
After studying medicine and neurology in Zurich, Loewenstein was analyzed in Berlin by Hans Sachs. He became a member of the German Psychoanalytic Society (DPG) in 1925. The same year he began to practice as a teaching analyst in Paris, where he trained a number of future analysts, including, notably, Jacques LacanJacques Lacan
Jacques Marie Émile Lacan was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis and philosophy, and has been called "the most controversial psycho-analyst since Freud". Giving yearly seminars in Paris from 1953 to 1981, Lacan influenced France's...
(between 1933 and 1939). In 1926, he founded the first French psychoanalytic society, the Société psychanalytique de Paris (SPP), along with eight other psychoanalysts, including René Laforgue
René Laforgue
Rene Laforgue was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Laforgue was born in Thann and died in Paris. He studied medicine in Berlin. He maintained a correspondence with Sigmund Freud. He is the author of several books on psychoanalysis.-External links:*...
, Marie Bonaparte, Raymond de Saussure, and Angelo Hesnard. He was elected secretary of the SPP. In 1927, he participated in the creation of the Revue française de psychanalyse.
In 1930, he became a French citizen and began his studies anew - defending his thesis for a doctorate in medicine in 1935. In 1939, he was mobilized as a doctor in the French army. After the Armistice, he fled to the south of France and from there left for the United States, where he settled in New York. There he pursued a distinguished institutional career with the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA), becoming its vice president from 1965 to 1967.
Loewenstein is known, along with Ernst Kris
Ernst Kris
Ernst Kris was an Austrian psychoanalyst and art historian. Kris was the son of Leopold Kris, a lawyer, and Rosa Schick.Born in Vienna, Austria in 1900, died in New York City, New York in 1957....
and Heinz Hartmann
Heinz Hartmann
Heinz Hartmann , was a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He is considered one of the founders and principal representantives of ego psychology.-Life:...
, as one of the foremost figures of what has been called Ego psychology
Ego psychology
Ego psychology is a school of psychoanalysis rooted in Sigmund Freud's structural id-ego-superego model of the mind.An individual interacts with the external world as well as responds to internal forces. Many psychoanalysts use a theoretical construct called the ego to explain how that is done...
.
Literary works
- Origine du masochisme et la théorie des pulsions, 1938
- The vital or somatic drives, 1940
- Psychanalyse de l'Antisemitisme, 1952
- (ed. with Heinz HartmannHeinz HartmannHeinz Hartmann , was a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He is considered one of the founders and principal representantives of ego psychology.-Life:...
and Ernst KrisErnst KrisErnst Kris was an Austrian psychoanalyst and art historian. Kris was the son of Leopold Kris, a lawyer, and Rosa Schick.Born in Vienna, Austria in 1900, died in New York City, New York in 1957....
), Notes on the theory of aggressions, 1949