Rowing

Sport rowing

Rowing is a sport in which athletes race against each other on rivers, on lakes or on the ocean, depending upon the type of race and the discipline. The boats are propelled by the reaction forces on the oar blades as they are pushed against the water...

 at the 1912 Summer Olympics

1912 Summer Olympics

The 1912 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 5 May and 27 July 1912. Twenty-eight nations and 2,407 competitors, including 48 women, competed in 102 events in 14 sports...

featured 4 events, for men only. All races were held in Djurgårdsbrunnsviken

Djurgårdsbrunnsviken

Djurgårdsbrunnsviken is a bay in central Stockholm, Sweden, together with the canal Djurgårdsbrunnskanalen forming the northern shore line of the island Djurgården...

 from Thursday, July 17 to Saturday, July 19, 1912.

Medal summary

Men's single sculls	William Kinnear William Kinnear William Duthie Kinnear was a Scottish rower who competed for Great Britain at the 1912 Summer Olympics and won major single scull events prior to the First World War....	Polydore Veirman Polydore Veirman Polydore Veirman is an rower from Belgium.He competed for Belgium in the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London, United Kingdom as part of the silver medal winning coxed eight of Royal Club Nautique de Gand...	Everard Butler Everard Butler Everard Burnside Butler was a Canadian rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He won a bronze medal in a single sculls event.-External links:*...   Mart Kuusik Mart Kuusik Hugo-Maksimilian "Mart" Kuusik was an Estonian rower who competed for the Russian Empire in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Representing Russia, he won a bronze medal in a single sculls event....
Men's coxed fours	Ludwigshafener Ruderverein Ludwigshafener Ruderverein The Ludwigshafener Ruderverein von 1878 is the only rowing club in Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany. Founded in 1878, it currently hosts 300 members... Albert Arnheiter Albert Arnheiter Albert Arnheiter was a German rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the bowman of the German boat which won the gold medal in the coxed fours.-External links:*... Hermann Wilker Hermann Wilker Hermann Wilker was a Germany rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1900 he was a crew member of the German boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours.... Rudolf Fickeisen Rudolf Fickeisen Rudolf Fickeisen was a German rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a member of the German boat, which won the gold medal in the coxed fours.-External links:*... Otto Fickeisen Otto Fickeisen Otto Fickeisen was a Germany rower who competed in the 1900 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.In 1900 he was a crew member of the German boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours.... Karl Leister	Thames R. C. Thames Rowing Club Thames Rowing Club is a rowing club situated on the River Thames in Putney, London, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1860.-Club colours:Red, white and black in stripes, the white stripe lying between the red and black and being of half their width.... Julius Beresford Julius Beresford Julius Beresford , also known as Berry or The Old Berry, was a British rower and coach who competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics.-Life:... Karl Vernon Karl Vernon Karl Vernon , sometimes known by his nickname The Bean was a British rower and coach who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.-Life:Vernon was born in Neuenahr, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany... Charles Rought Charles Rought Charles Gardner Rought was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.-Life:Rought was born in Surbiton. He became a member of Thames Rowing Club and in 1909 and 1911 was a member of the crew that won the Stewards' Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta... Bruce Logan Bruce Logan (rower) Hubert Bruce Logan was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.-Life:Logan was born at Chesterton, Cambridge, the son of John Maxwell Samuel Logan and his wife Alice Mary Bullard. He became a member of Thames Rowing Club and in 1909 and 1911 was a member of the crew that won the... Geoffrey Carr Geoffrey Carr Geoffrey Carr was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Carr was born in Putney and became a member of Thames Rowing Club. He was the coxswain of the Thames Rowing Club coxed four which won the silver medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics.-External links:*...	Polyteknisk Erik Bisgaard Erik Bisgaard Erik Bisgaard was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member of the Danish boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours.-External links:*... Rasmus Frandsen Rasmus Frandsen Rasmus Peter Frandsen was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member of the Danish boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours.-External links:*... Mikael Simonsen Mikael Simonsen Mikael Simonsen was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member of the Danish boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours.-External links:*... Poul Thymann Poul Thymann Poul Thymann was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the strokeman of the Danish boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours.-External links:*... Ejgil Clemmensen Ejgil Clemmensen Ejgil Becker Clemmensen was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the coxswain of the Danish boat which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours.-External links:*...
Men's coxed fours, inriggers	Nykjøbings paa Falster Ejler Allert Ejler Allert Ejler Arild Emil Allert was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member of the Danish boat, which won the gold medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.-External links:*... Jørgen Hansen Jørgen Hansen (rower) Jørgen Christian Hansen was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member of the Danish boat, which won the gold medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.-External links:*... Carl Møller Carl Møller Carl Martin August Møller was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member of the Danish boat, which won the gold medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.-External links:**... Carl Pedersen Carl Pedersen (rower) Carl Frederik Pedersen was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the strokeman of the Danish boat, which won the gold medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.-External links:*... Poul Hartmann Poul Hartmann Poul Richard Hartmann was a Danish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the coxswain of the Danish boat, which won the gold medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.-External links:*...	Roddklubben af 1912 Ture Rosvall Ture Rosvall Ture Rosvall was a Swedish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the bowman of the Swedish boat, which won the silver medal in the coxed fours, inriggers... William Bruhn-Möller William Bruhn-Möller William Bruhn-Möller was a Swedish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member of the Swedish boat, which won the silver medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.... Conrad Brunkman Conrad Brunkman Conrad Brunkman was a Swedish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member of the Swedish boat, which won the silver medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.... Herman Dahlbäck Herman Dahlbäck Herman Dahlbäck was a Swedish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the strokeman of the Swedish boat which won the silver medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.... Wilhelm Wilkens Wilhelm Wilkens Wilhelm "Willie" Wilkens was a Swedish rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the coxswain of the Swedish boat, which won the silver medal in the coxed fours, inriggers....	Ormsund Claus Høyer Claus Høyer Claus Høyer was a Norwegian rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the bowman of the Norwegian boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.-External links:*... Reidar Holter Reidar Holter Reidar Durie Holter was a Norwegian rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member of the Norwegian boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.-External links:*... Magnus Herseth Magnus Herseth Magnus Herseth was a Norwegian rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was a crew member of the Norwegian boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.-External links:*... Frithjof Olstad Frithjof Olstad Frithjof Olstad was a Norwegian rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the strokeman of the Norwegian boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.-External links:*... Olav Bjørnstad Olav Bjørnstad Olav T. Bjørnstad was a Norwegian rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the coxswain of the Norwegian boat, which won the bronze medal in the coxed fours, inriggers.-External links:*...
Men's eights	Leander Leander Club Leander Club, founded in 1818, is one of the oldest rowing clubs in the world. It is based in Remenham in the English county of Berkshire, adjoining Henley-on-Thames... Edgar Burgess Edgar Burgess Edgar Richard Burgess FZS was an English rower who competed for Great Britain in the 1912 Summer Olympics....   Sidney Swann Sidney Swann Sidney Ernest Swann was an English clergyman and a rower who competed for Great Britain in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics....   Leslie Wormwald Leslie Wormwald Leslie Graham Wormwald was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Wormwald was born at Maidenhead. He was educated at Eton College where he only rowed in the second eight and then at Magdalen College, Oxford where his rowing showed considerable improvement...   Ewart Horsfall Ewart Horsfall Ewart Douglas Horsfall DFC, MC was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics....   James Angus Gillan James Angus Gillan Sir Angus Gillan was a British colonial service official and a rower who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics....   Stanley Garton  Alister Kirby Alister Kirby Alister Graham Kirby was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He died on service during the First World War....   Philip Fleming Philip Fleming Philip Fleming was a British merchant banker and rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Fleming was born at Newport-on-Tay, Fife, Scotland, the son of Robert Fleming a merchant banker. He was educated at Eton College and Magdalen College, Oxford. Fleming made one appearance for Oxford in...   Henry Wells Henry Wells (rower) Henry Bensley Wells MBE was an English judge and a rower who competed for Great Britain in the 1912 Summer Olympics....	New College, Oxford New College, Oxford New College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.- Overview :The College's official name, College of St Mary, is the same as that of the older Oriel College; hence, it has been referred to as the "New College of St Mary", and is now almost always... William Fison William Fison Sir William Guy Fison, MC 3rd Baronet was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Fison was born in London the son of Sir Frederick Fison, 1st Baronet and his wife Isabella Crossley. His father was MP for Doncaster. He was educated at Eton College and New College, Oxford...   William Parker William Parker (rower) Sir William Lorenzo Parker, 3rd Baronet was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Parker was born in Kensington London. He inherited the baronetcy on the death of Sir William Biddulph Parker, 2nd Baronet on 23 January 1902. He was educated at New College, Oxford...   Thomas Gillespie Thomas Gillespie (rower) Thomas Cunningham Gillespie was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was killed in action in the First World War....   Beaufort Burdekin Beaufort Burdekin Beaufort Burdekin was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Burdekin was born in Dorset but came from an Australian family after whom the Burdekin River was named. He was educated at Cheltenham College and at New College, Oxford...   Frederick Pitman Frederick Pitman Frederick Archibald Hugo Pitman was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Pitman was born in Edinburgh, the son of Frederick I Pitman, an eminent rower. He was educated at Eton College where he was a successful half-miler and a member of the college eight. He went on to New...   Arthur Wiggins Arthur Wiggins Arthur Frederick Archibald Wiggins was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Wiggins was born in Bournemouth. He was educated at New College, Oxford. In 1912 he was a member of the Oxford Boat in the Boat Race...   Charles Littlejohn Charles Littlejohn Charles William Berry Littlejohn MC was a rower who competed for Great Britain in the 1912 Summer Olympics....   Robert Bourne Robert Bourne (rower) Robert Croft Bourne was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics, and a Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1924 to 1938....   John Walker John Walker (rower) John Drummond Walker was a British rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.Walker was born in Oxford, the son of Rev. Edward Newburn Walker, senior tutor of Queens College, Oxford and his wife Gertrude May Hamilton...	Berlin Otto Liebing Otto Liebing Otto Liebing was a German rower who competed for the German Empire in the 1912 Summer Olympics, as bowman.The German team won the bronze medal in the eights.-1912 German Men's eights rowing team:*Otto Liebing...   Max Bröske Max Bröske Max Bröske was a German rower who competed for the German Empire in the 1912 Summer Olympics.The German team won the bronze medal in the eights.-1912 German Men's eights rowing team:*Otto Liebing*Max Bröske...   Max Vetter Max Vetter Max Vetter was a German rower who competed for the German Empire in the 1912 Summer Olympics.The German team won the bronze medal in the eights.-1912 German Men's eights rowing team:*Otto Liebing*Max Bröske...   Willi Bartholomae Willi Bartholomae Willi Bartholomae was a German rower who competed for the German Empire in the 1912 Summer Olympics.The German team won the bronze medal in the eights.-1912 German Men's eights rowing team:*Otto Liebing*Max Bröske...   Fritz Bartholomae Fritz Bartholomae Fritz Bartholomae was a German rower who competed for the German Empire in the 1912 Summer Olympics.The German team won the bronze medal in the eights.-1912 German Men's eights rowing team:*Otto Liebing*Max Bröske...   Werner Dehn Werner Dehn Werner Dehn was a German rower who competed for the German Empire in the 1912 Summer Olympics.The German team won the bronze medal in the eights.-1912 German Men's eights rowing team:*Otto Liebing*Max Bröske...   Rudolf Reichelt Rudolf Reichelt Rudolf Reichelt was a German rower who competed for the German Empire in the 1912 Summer Olympics.The German team won the bronze medal in the eights.-1912 German Men's eights rowing team:*Otto Liebing*Max Bröske...   Hans Matthiae Hans Matthiae Hans Matthiae was a Germany rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.He was the strokeman of the German boat, which won the bronze medal in the eights.-1912 German Men's eights rowing team:*Otto Liebing...   Kurt Runge Kurt Runge Kurt Runge was a German rower who competed for the German Empire in the 1912 Summer Olympics, a the coxswain.The German team won the bronze medal in the eights.-1912 German Men's eights rowing team:*Otto Liebing...

Bronze medals

Bronze medals were not awarded to the losing semi finalists in any of the events, they were instead given diplomas of merit. Although the IOC database currently includes bronze medallists for every event, it is not certain if this an oversight on their behalf or if a retrospective change has been made.

Amateur definitions

The definition for the rowing competitions was:

An amateur

Amateur

An amateur is generally considered a person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science, without pay and often without formal training....

 is one:

• who has never received payment as a trainer;
• who has never competed for money prizes;
• who has never competed or given a display for payment;
• who has never competed, or given a display, against a professional;
• who has never drawn any pecuniary gain from athletic exercises by selling, exchanging, pawning, or hiring out any prize won in a competition.

An amateur shall be allowed, when taking part in races or displays, to receive his travelling and hotel expenses from the club to which he belongs, or, with the consent of the said club, from the club arranging the competition or display, without forfeiting his amateur status. Payment for such a journey, however, may be made only through the club which he represents in the said competition. No competitor shall be allowed to make any pecuniary gain or profit from such payment.

A professional

Professional sports

Professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, are sports in which athletes receive payment for their performance. Professional athleticism has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, so that sports organizations...

shall not be allowed to take part in any competitions or displays for amateurs, neither may he officiate as judge or in any other capacity. A professional is one who as a seaman, fisherman, or in any other capacity, has in any way, in the exercise of his calling, engaged in rowing within two years previous to the date of competition.

Participating nations

A total of 185(*) rowers from 14 nations competed at the Stockholm Games:(*)

(*) NOTE: Both German coxwains from the coxed fours event are counted.

Medal table

1		2	2	0	4
2		1	0	1	2
		1	0	1	2
4		0	1	0	1
		0	1	0	1
6		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
		0	0	1	1
Total		4	4	5	13