Razak Report
Encyclopedia
The Razak Report is a Malaya
Federation of Malaya
The Federation of Malaya is the name given to a federation of 11 states that existed from 31 January 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957...

n educational proposal written in the 1956. Named after the then Education Minister, Tun Abdul Razak, its goal was to reform the education system in Malaya
Education in Malaysia
Education in Malaysia is overseen by two government ministries. The Ministry of Education handles matters pertaining to pre-school, primary school, secondary school and post-secondary school. Matters regarding tertiary education are dealt with by the Ministry of Higher Education...

. The report was incorporated into the Section 3 of the Education Ordinance of 1957 and served the basis of the educational framework for independent Malaya and eventually Malaysia.

The Razak Report is a compromise between the Barnes Report
Barnes Report
The Barnes Report was a British proposal put forward in 1951 to develop a national education system in British Malaya. It was criticised by non-Malay communities as "saturated with Malay nationalism" and bolstering Ketuanan Melayu, an ideology of Malay supremacy. The Fenn-Wu Report, favoured by the...

 (favoured by the Malays) and the Fenn-Wu Report (favoured by the Chinese and Indians). The Barnes Report was formerly passed into law as the Education Ordinance of 1952. While the Razak Report forwards the Malay language
Malay language
Malay is a major language of the Austronesian family. It is the official language of Malaysia , Indonesia , Brunei and Singapore...

as the main medium of instruction , it allows the retention of other language medium schools.

The Report provides for Malay, English, Chinese and Tamil schools at the primary school level, and Malay and English schools at the secondary school level. Malay-medium schools are referred to as "national" schools while other schools are referred to as "national-type" schools. All schools are government-funded and use a common national curriculum regardless of school type.

Other provisions include:
  • Formation of a single system of national education
  • Commencement of a Malayan-orientated curriculum
  • Conception of a single system of evaluation for all
  • Recognition of the eventual objective of making Bahasa Melayu the main medium of instruction

Rahman Talib Report

In 1960, the Rahman Talib Report was introduced and incorporated in the Education Act 1961. Among others, it called for:
  • Stress on 3M basic education - Membaca, Menulis, dan Mengira (reading, writing and arithmetic)
  • Stress on a strong spiritual education and the desired elements of discipline
  • Stress on a Malayan curriculum
  • Upper secondary education of two streams, academic and vocational
  • Opportunity to continue education from 9 years to 11 years
  • Facilitation of education management procedures to improve the overall quality of education
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