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Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman

 

 
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Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman
 
 
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The Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (in Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
: ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? - al-Jabha al-Sha'abiya li-Tahrir 'Uman, PFLO) a Marxist and Arab nationalist
Arab nationalism

Arab nationalism is a nationalist ideology which rose to prominence amongst Arabs from the early 20th century onwards. Its central premise is that the peoples and countries of the Arab World, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, constitute one nation and are bound together by their common linguistic, cultural, and historical heritage....
 revolution
Revolution

A revolution is a fundamental social change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time....
ary organisation in the Sultanate of Oman
Oman

Oman , officially the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates on the northwest, Saudi Arabia on the west and Yemen on the southwest....
. It fought against the Sultan
Sultan

Sultan is an Islamic honorifics, with several historical meanings. Originally it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", or "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ???? sulah, meaning "authority" or "power"....
 (ruler) in the Dhofar revolution
Dhofar Rebellion

The Dhofar Rebellion was launched in the province of Dhofar against the Oman, which had UK support, from 1962 to 1975. It ended with the defeat of the rebels, but the state of Oman had to be radically reformed and modernized to cope with the campaign....
 from the PFLO's foundation until the suppression of the revolution
Revolution

A revolution is a fundamental social change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time....
 in 1976.
Background
The main forerunner of the PFLO was the Dhofar Liberation Front (Jabhat al-Tahrir al-Dhofar, DLF) which was based in Dhofar, the southern province of Oman.






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The Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (in Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
: ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? - al-Jabha al-Sha'abiya li-Tahrir 'Uman, PFLO) a Marxist and Arab nationalist
Arab nationalism

Arab nationalism is a nationalist ideology which rose to prominence amongst Arabs from the early 20th century onwards. Its central premise is that the peoples and countries of the Arab World, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, constitute one nation and are bound together by their common linguistic, cultural, and historical heritage....
 revolution
Revolution

A revolution is a fundamental social change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time....
ary organisation in the Sultanate of Oman
Oman

Oman , officially the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab country in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the United Arab Emirates on the northwest, Saudi Arabia on the west and Yemen on the southwest....
. It fought against the Sultan
Sultan

Sultan is an Islamic honorifics, with several historical meanings. Originally it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", or "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ???? sulah, meaning "authority" or "power"....
 (ruler) in the Dhofar revolution
Dhofar Rebellion

The Dhofar Rebellion was launched in the province of Dhofar against the Oman, which had UK support, from 1962 to 1975. It ended with the defeat of the rebels, but the state of Oman had to be radically reformed and modernized to cope with the campaign....
 from the PFLO's foundation until the suppression of the revolution
Revolution

A revolution is a fundamental social change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time....
 in 1976.

Background


The main forerunner of the PFLO was the Dhofar Liberation Front (Jabhat al-Tahrir al-Dhofar, DLF) which was based in Dhofar, the southern province of Oman. It was founded in 1962 by the Dhofar Benevolent Society (DBS), the Dhofar Soldiers’ Organisation (DSO) and the local branch of the Arab Nationalist Movement
Arab Nationalist Movement

The Arab Nationalist Movement , also known as the Movement of Arab Nationalists and the Harakiyyin, was a pan-Arab nationalist organization influential in much of the Arab world, most famously so within the Palestinian movement....
 (ANM) and began armed struggle in June 1965.

Formation of the Popular Front


In September 1968 the DLF was renamed the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf (al-Jabha al-Sha'abiya li-Tahrir al-Khalij al-'Arabi al-Muhtall, PFLOAG). Its members were inclined towards the leftist, Marxist-Leninist
Marxism-Leninism

Marxism-Leninism is a communist ideology stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency among the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted as the ideological foundation of the Communist International during Stalin's era....
 tendency in the ANM, and were also influenced by the revolutionary experience of neighbouring South Yemen.

In June 1970 the National Democratic Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arabian Gulf (al-Jabha al-Wataniya al-Dimuqratiya li-Tahrir 'Uman wa-l-Khalij al-'Arabi, NDFLOAG) was founded in the north of Oman. It merged with the PFLOAG in December 1971. The new organisation was called Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arabian Gulf (al-Jabhah al-Sha'abiyah li-Tahrir 'Uman wa-al-Khalij al-'Arabi, PFLOAG). By 1973 reports surged that PFLOAG had formed clandestine cells within the UAE armed forces.

The group took its later name, PFLO, in 1974 when the Popular Front for the Liberation of Bahrain
Popular Front for the Liberation of Bahrain

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Bahrain was an underground political party in Bahrain associated with the Arab Nationalist Movement. Its members were inclined towards the leftist Marxist trend within the ANM....
 (PFLB) was established as a separate organisation. The PFLO appears to have maintained some underground activity afterwards. The youth wing of PFLO was the Oman Youth Organization, and it published the Uman al-Thawrah

The Dhofar Rebellion

Upon its establishment, the PFLOAG became involved in the ongoing Dhofar
Dhofar

The Dhofar region lies in Southern Oman, on the eastern border of Yemen. Its mountainous area covers and has the population of 215,960 as of census 2003....
 revolution against Sultan Sa'id. It suffered a split in 1970 when some of its more right-wing members decided to accept the offer of an amnesty
Amnesty

Amnesty is a legislative or executive act by which a state restores those who may have been guilty of an offense against it to the positions of innocent persons....
 from the newly-enthroned Sultan Qaboos. The new ruler was successful in pacifying most of Dhofar, with the help of considerable military and financial aid from the Western bloc, and by 1976 the rebellion was at an end.

The PFLO After 1976

In 1992, the party was renamed to People's Democratic Front of Oman (al-Jabhah al-Sha'abiyah al-Dimuqratiyah al-'Umaniyah, PDFO) which struggles peacefully for democracy
Democracy

Democracy is a form of government in which power is held directly or indirectly by citizens under a free electoral system. It is derived from the Greek language d?????at?a , "popular government" which was coined from d???? , "people" and ???t?? , "rule, strength" in the middle of the 5th-4th century BC to denote the political syst...
. Its secretary general in 1992 was Abdul Aziz al-Qadi.

Sources

  • , OnWar.com, December 16, 2000