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Pinhas Lavon (12 July 1904 – 24 January 1976) was an Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i politician, minister and labor leader, best known for the Lavon Affair
Lavon Affair

The Lavon Affair refers to the scandal over a failed Israeli covert operation in Egypt known as Operation Susannah, in which Israeli military intelligence planted bombs in Egyptian, United States and United Kingdom-owned targets in Egypt in the summer of 1954 in the hopes that "the Muslim Brotherhood, the Communists, 'unspecified malcon...
.

n was born in Kopychyntsi
Kopychyntsi

Kopychyntsi - Kopychentsi is a small town in Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It has a population of 7,036 ....
 in what was previously Galicia
Galicia (Central Europe)

Galicia is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, named after Ukra?ni?n city of Halych.The nucleus of historic Galicia is formed of three regions of western Ukraine: Lvivska oblast, Ternopilska oblast and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast....
 in Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
 (now in Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
). He studied law at the University of Lviv, where he organized Histadrut organizations in the region. He made aliyah
Aliyah

Aliyah refers to Jewish immigration to Greater Israel. The opposite action, Jewish emigration from Israel, is referred to as Yerida ....
 and moved to Mandate Palestine in 1929.

n was elected to the first Knesset
Israeli legislative election, 1949

Elections in Israel for the Constituent Assembly were held in newly-independent Israel on 25 January, 1949. Voter turnout was 85.8%. Two days after its first meeting on 14 February, 1949, legislators voted to change the name of the body to the Knesset ....
 in 1949, and was appointed Minister of Agriculture
Agriculture Minister of Israel

The Agriculture Minister of Israel is the political head of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and a relatively minor position in the Cabinet of Israel....
 in David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion

was the first Prime Minister of Israel. Ben-Gurion's passion for Zionism, which began early in life, culminated in his instrumental role in the founding of the state of Israel....
's second government
Second government of Israel

The second government of Israel was formed during the Israeli legislative election, 1949. David Ben-Gurion made an attempt to form a minority government consisting of Mapai and Sephardim and Oriental Communities on 17 October, but it was not approved by the Knesset....
.

He retained his seat in the 1951 elections
Israeli legislative election, 1951

Elections in Israel for the second Knesset were held in Israel on 30 July, 1951. Voter turnout was 74.3%....
, and in 1952 was appointed Minister without Portfolio
Minister without Portfolio

A Minister without Portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry ....
.






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Pinhas Lavon (12 July 1904 – 24 January 1976) was an Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i politician, minister and labor leader, best known for the Lavon Affair
Lavon Affair

The Lavon Affair refers to the scandal over a failed Israeli covert operation in Egypt known as Operation Susannah, in which Israeli military intelligence planted bombs in Egyptian, United States and United Kingdom-owned targets in Egypt in the summer of 1954 in the hopes that "the Muslim Brotherhood, the Communists, 'unspecified malcon...
.

Early life

Lavon was born in Kopychyntsi
Kopychyntsi

Kopychyntsi - Kopychentsi is a small town in Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine. It has a population of 7,036 ....
 in what was previously Galicia
Galicia (Central Europe)

Galicia is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, named after Ukra?ni?n city of Halych.The nucleus of historic Galicia is formed of three regions of western Ukraine: Lvivska oblast, Ternopilska oblast and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast....
 in Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Kaiserlich und k?niglich Monarchy was a state in Central Europe ruled by the House of Habsburg, constitutionally a personal union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary....
 (now in Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
). He studied law at the University of Lviv, where he organized Histadrut organizations in the region. He made aliyah
Aliyah

Aliyah refers to Jewish immigration to Greater Israel. The opposite action, Jewish emigration from Israel, is referred to as Yerida ....
 and moved to Mandate Palestine in 1929.

Political life

Lavon was elected to the first Knesset
Israeli legislative election, 1949

Elections in Israel for the Constituent Assembly were held in newly-independent Israel on 25 January, 1949. Voter turnout was 85.8%. Two days after its first meeting on 14 February, 1949, legislators voted to change the name of the body to the Knesset ....
 in 1949, and was appointed Minister of Agriculture
Agriculture Minister of Israel

The Agriculture Minister of Israel is the political head of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and a relatively minor position in the Cabinet of Israel....
 in David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion

was the first Prime Minister of Israel. Ben-Gurion's passion for Zionism, which began early in life, culminated in his instrumental role in the founding of the state of Israel....
's second government
Second government of Israel

The second government of Israel was formed during the Israeli legislative election, 1949. David Ben-Gurion made an attempt to form a minority government consisting of Mapai and Sephardim and Oriental Communities on 17 October, but it was not approved by the Knesset....
.

He retained his seat in the 1951 elections
Israeli legislative election, 1951

Elections in Israel for the second Knesset were held in Israel on 30 July, 1951. Voter turnout was 74.3%....
, and in 1952 was appointed Minister without Portfolio
Minister without Portfolio

A Minister without Portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister that does not head a particular ministry ....
. Following Ben-Gurion's resignation, he was appointed Minister of Defense
Defense Minister of Israel

The Defense Minister of Israel is head of the Ministry of Defense in Israel. The post is considered to be the second most important position in the Cabinet of Israel, and usually has a Deputy Minister....
 in 1954. However, following the Lavon Affair
Lavon Affair

The Lavon Affair refers to the scandal over a failed Israeli covert operation in Egypt known as Operation Susannah, in which Israeli military intelligence planted bombs in Egyptian, United States and United Kingdom-owned targets in Egypt in the summer of 1954 in the hopes that "the Muslim Brotherhood, the Communists, 'unspecified malcon...
 in which he was accused of involvement in terrorist bombings in Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
, he resigned from the cabinet
Cabinet of Israel

The Cabinet of Israel is a formal body composed of government officials chosen and led by a Prime Minister of Israel. Its composition must be approved by a vote in the Knesset....
.

Nevertheless, he remained an MK following elections in 1955 and 1959, and was later 'absolved' of any involvement in the Egyptian bombings. He retired from public life in 1964 after a long-standing discord with Ben-Gurion and died in Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv-Yafo , usually Tel Aviv, is the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of cities in Israel in Israel, with an estimated population of 390,100....
 in 1976.

During his tenure, Lavon strained relations with the Chief of Staff of the IDF Moshe Dayan
Moshe Dayan

Moshe Dayan, was an Israeli military leader and politician. The fourth Ramatkal of the Israel Defense Forces , he became a fighting symbol to the world of the new Israel....
 by holding important policy meetings without Dayan being present, directly contacting IDF officers without following the established chain of command and attempting to scuttle Israeli purchases of French arms. The culmination came when Operation Susannah (as the Lavon affair was officially called) was launched when Dayan was out of the country.

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