Paul Grützner
Encyclopedia
Paul Grützner was a German physiologist who was a native of Festenberg
, Silesia
(present-day Twardogóra
, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
).
He studied medicine in Würzburg
, Berlin
and Breslau, where he was a pupil of Rudolf Heidenhain
(1834–1897). After graduation he was an assistant at the physiological institute in Breslau. In 1881 he became a professor at the University of Bern, and in 1884 succeeded Karl von Vierordt
(1818–1884) at the physiological institute at the University of Tübingen.
Grützner performed numerous studies involving the physiology
of nerves and muscles, circulatory physiology
, glandular and gastric secretions, et al. In the 1870s with Wilhelm Ebstein
(1836–1912) he performed important research regarding the physiochemical behavior of pepsin
in the digestive tract. The findings from this research was published in an 1874 treatise called Ueber Pepsinbildung im Magen, and is included in Pflügers Archiv.
Grützner is credited with introducing a colorimetric method for determining the quantity of pepsin in a solution, and among his numerous written articles was an 1879 physiological study on voice and speech titled Physiologie der Stimme und Sprache.
Twardogóra
Twardogóra is a town in Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district called Gmina Twardogóra. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. On 23 January 1945 the town was taken by the Red Army and later the same year became a part of...
, Silesia
Silesia
Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
(present-day Twardogóra
Twardogóra
Twardogóra is a town in Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district called Gmina Twardogóra. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. On 23 January 1945 the town was taken by the Red Army and later the same year became a part of...
, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province , is one of the 16 voivodeships into which Poland is currently divided. It lies in southwestern Poland...
).
He studied medicine in Würzburg
Würzburg
Würzburg is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany. Located at the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. The regional dialect is Franconian....
, Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
and Breslau, where he was a pupil of Rudolf Heidenhain
Rudolf Heidenhain
Rudolf Peter Heinrich Heidenhain was a German physiologist who was born in Marienwerder, East Prussia . He studied medicine at the Universities of Halle and Berlin. After receiving his doctorate, he remained in Berlin as an assistant to Emil du Bois-Reymond...
(1834–1897). After graduation he was an assistant at the physiological institute in Breslau. In 1881 he became a professor at the University of Bern, and in 1884 succeeded Karl von Vierordt
Karl von Vierordt
Karl von Vierordt was a German physician. He studied at the universities of Berlin, Göttingen, Vienna, and Heidelberg, and began a practice in Karlsruhe in 1842...
(1818–1884) at the physiological institute at the University of Tübingen.
Grützner performed numerous studies involving the physiology
Physiology
Physiology is the science of the function of living systems. This includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system. The highest honor awarded in physiology is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or...
of nerves and muscles, circulatory physiology
Circulatory system
The circulatory system is an organ system that passes nutrients , gases, hormones, blood cells, etc...
, glandular and gastric secretions, et al. In the 1870s with Wilhelm Ebstein
Wilhelm Ebstein
Wilhelm Ebstein was a German physician.He studied medicine at the universities of Breslau and Berlin, graduating from the latter in 1859...
(1836–1912) he performed important research regarding the physiochemical behavior of pepsin
Pepsin
Pepsin is an enzyme whose precursor form is released by the chief cells in the stomach and that degrades food proteins into peptides. It was discovered in 1836 by Theodor Schwann who also coined its name from the Greek word pepsis, meaning digestion...
in the digestive tract. The findings from this research was published in an 1874 treatise called Ueber Pepsinbildung im Magen, and is included in Pflügers Archiv.
Grützner is credited with introducing a colorimetric method for determining the quantity of pepsin in a solution, and among his numerous written articles was an 1879 physiological study on voice and speech titled Physiologie der Stimme und Sprache.