Pangenome
Encyclopedia
In molecular biology a pan-genome describes the full complement of genes
in a species
(typically applied to bacteria
and archaea
, which can have large variation in gene content among closely related strains). It is a superset
of all the genes in all the strains
of a species. The significance of the pangenome arises in an evolutionary context, especially with relevance to metagenomics
, but is also used in a broader genomics
context.
The pan-genome includes the "core genome" containing genes present in all strains, a "dispensable genome" containing genes present in two or more strains, and finally "unique genes" specific to single strains.
The pan-genome is very important in designing vaccine for specific strain in species of micro-organisms ( especially Pathogens). Like Streptococcus agalactiae has many strains all of these strains contain core-genome (found across all strains) and dispensable genome (found in two or more in strains of one species), and unigue genes (specific for a strain in species) so universal vaccine were designed against GBS (Group B Streptococcus)using such pan-genome as an essential means in this regards. .
Gênes
Gênes is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present Italy, named after the city of Genoa. It was formed in 1805, when Napoleon Bonaparte occupied the Republic of Genoa. Its capital was Genoa, and it was divided in the arrondissements of Genoa, Bobbio, Novi Ligure, Tortona and...
in a species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
(typically applied to bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...
and archaea
Archaea
The Archaea are a group of single-celled microorganisms. A single individual or species from this domain is called an archaeon...
, which can have large variation in gene content among closely related strains). It is a superset
SuperSet
SuperSet Software was a group founded by friends and former Eyring Research Institute co-workers Drew Major, Dale Neibaur, Kyle Powell and later joined by Mark Hurst...
of all the genes in all the strains
Strain (biology)
In biology, a strain is a low-level taxonomic rank used in three related ways.-Microbiology and virology:A strain is a genetic variant or subtype of a micro-organism . For example, a "flu strain" is a certain biological form of the influenza or "flu" virus...
of a species. The significance of the pangenome arises in an evolutionary context, especially with relevance to metagenomics
Metagenomics
Metagenomics is the study of metagenomes, genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. The broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics or community genomics. Traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing rely upon cultivated clonal cultures...
, but is also used in a broader genomics
Genomics
Genomics is a discipline in genetics concerning the study of the genomes of organisms. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping efforts. The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such as heterosis,...
context.
The pan-genome includes the "core genome" containing genes present in all strains, a "dispensable genome" containing genes present in two or more strains, and finally "unique genes" specific to single strains.
The pan-genome is very important in designing vaccine for specific strain in species of micro-organisms ( especially Pathogens). Like Streptococcus agalactiae has many strains all of these strains contain core-genome (found across all strains) and dispensable genome (found in two or more in strains of one species), and unigue genes (specific for a strain in species) so universal vaccine were designed against GBS (Group B Streptococcus)using such pan-genome as an essential means in this regards. .