Pandemonium Architecture
Encyclopedia
Pandemonium architecture is an early connectionist AI
technique proposed by Oliver Selfridge
in 1959, noted for its success in modelling human pattern recognition
. It proposes that the mind consists of a collection of demon
s, each responsible for a single task. Selfridge's architecture would inspire later developments in artificial intelligence
, such as production system
s and intelligent agent
s.
Pandemonium theory was developed by John Jackson
in 1987 to include the stadium metaphor. Demons are usually dormant and reside in the stands. Active demons reside in the arena. Demons in the arena spread activity to demons in the stands which may result in demons being summoned to the arena. Active demons suffer a decay in activity over time and if their activity drops below a threshold they may be returned to the stands. Connections between demons engage in a Hebbian learning scheme, with the additional condition that long active demons are connected to newer demons with a stronger connection than the vice versa connection.
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its...
technique proposed by Oliver Selfridge
Oliver Selfridge
Oliver Gordon Selfridge , grandson of Harry Gordon Selfridge, the founder of Selfridges' department stores, was a pioneer of artificial intelligence. He has been called the "Father of Machine Perception."...
in 1959, noted for its success in modelling human pattern recognition
Pattern recognition
In machine learning, pattern recognition is the assignment of some sort of output value to a given input value , according to some specific algorithm. An example of pattern recognition is classification, which attempts to assign each input value to one of a given set of classes...
. It proposes that the mind consists of a collection of demon
Daemon (computer software)
In Unix and other multitasking computer operating systems, a daemon is a computer program that runs as a background process, rather than being under the direct control of an interactive user...
s, each responsible for a single task. Selfridge's architecture would inspire later developments in artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its...
, such as production system
Production system
A production system is a computer program typically used to provide some form of artificial intelligence, which consists primarily of a set of rules about behavior. These rules, termed productions, are a basic representation found useful in automated planning, expert systems and action selection...
s and intelligent agent
Intelligent agent
In artificial intelligence, an intelligent agent is an autonomous entity which observes through sensors and acts upon an environment using actuators and directs its activity towards achieving goals . Intelligent agents may also learn or use knowledge to achieve their goals...
s.
Pandemonium theory was developed by John Jackson
John Jackson
-Politicians:* John Jackson , mayor of Tampa, Florida* John Jackson , Member of Parliament for Plymouth Devonport, 1910–1918* John Edward Jackson, British diplomat...
in 1987 to include the stadium metaphor. Demons are usually dormant and reside in the stands. Active demons reside in the arena. Demons in the arena spread activity to demons in the stands which may result in demons being summoned to the arena. Active demons suffer a decay in activity over time and if their activity drops below a threshold they may be returned to the stands. Connections between demons engage in a Hebbian learning scheme, with the additional condition that long active demons are connected to newer demons with a stronger connection than the vice versa connection.