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Nicolas Rolin (1376 – 1462) was a leading figure in the history of Burgundy
Duchy of Burgundy

The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the France in the Middle Ages. It roughly conforms to the modern Bourgogne. Existing between 843 and 1477, the Duchy was ruled by a succession of Duke of Burgundy, whose extinction with the death of Charles the Bold in 1477 led to the Duchy being absorbed into the French crown...
 and France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, becoming chancellor
Chancellor

Chancellor or chancellour is an official title used in countries whose civilization has arisen directly or indirectly out of the Roman Empire....
 to Philip the Good (Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Sa?ne which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks....
).

into a bourgeois family in Autun
Autun

Autun is a Communes of France in the Sa?ne-et-Loire Departments of France in Bourgogne in eastern France.The history of Autun dates back to Ancient Rome times....
, Rolin's first marriage in 1398 was part of a triple marriage of his widowed mother to a bourgeois of Beaune
Beaune

Beaune is a commune in France in eastern France, a sub-prefecture of the C?te-d'Or Departments of France in the Bourgogne Regions of France....
, accompanied by the marriages of her two sons to two daughters of the bridegroom, Perrenet Le Mairet.






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Nicolas Rolin (1376 – 1462) was a leading figure in the history of Burgundy
Duchy of Burgundy

The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the France in the Middle Ages. It roughly conforms to the modern Bourgogne. Existing between 843 and 1477, the Duchy was ruled by a succession of Duke of Burgundy, whose extinction with the death of Charles the Bold in 1477 led to the Duchy being absorbed into the French crown...
 and France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
, becoming chancellor
Chancellor

Chancellor or chancellour is an official title used in countries whose civilization has arisen directly or indirectly out of the Roman Empire....
 to Philip the Good (Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Sa?ne which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks....
).

Biography

Born into a bourgeois family in Autun
Autun

Autun is a Communes of France in the Sa?ne-et-Loire Departments of France in Bourgogne in eastern France.The history of Autun dates back to Ancient Rome times....
, Rolin's first marriage in 1398 was part of a triple marriage of his widowed mother to a bourgeois of Beaune
Beaune

Beaune is a commune in France in eastern France, a sub-prefecture of the C?te-d'Or Departments of France in the Bourgogne Regions of France....
, accompanied by the marriages of her two sons to two daughters of the bridegroom, Perrenet Le Mairet. However all three brides were dead within a few years. He next married Marie des Landes, before 1407, a marriage which paved the way for his entry to the bourgeoisie of Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
. In 1422, he was made chancellor by Philippe the Good, a post he held for more than forty years as one of the principal architects of the monarch's success. Rolin is closely linked with John the Fearless who was godfather to his third son. Widowed, in 1421 Nicolas Rolin married Guigone de Salins (1403-1470) and together they established the Hospices de Beaune
Hospices de Beaune

The Hospices de Beaune or H?tel-Dieu de Beaune, a former charitable almshouse of the XVth century that is now a museum, is located in Beaune in Burgundy....
. Rolin was one of the partcipants in drafting the 1435 Treaty of Arras
Congress of Arras

The Congress of Arras was a diplomatic congregation established in Arras in 1435 between representatives of England, France, and Duchy of Burgundy....
 by which Charles VII
Charles VII of France

File:Charles VII Franc a cheval 1422 1423.jpgCharles VII , called the Victorious or the Well-Served , was List of French monarchs from 1422 to his death, though he was initially opposed by Henry VI of England, whose Regent ruled much of France from Paris....
 recognised the independence of Burgundy, thus separating it from the English in the Hundred Years' War
Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne, which was vacant with the extinction of the senior House of Capet line of French kings....
.

The house in which Rolin was born is now the Autun town museum and is known as the Musée Rolin. He owned the Château d'Oricourt
Château d'Oricourt

The Ch?teau d'Oricourt is a castle in the Communes of France of Oricourt in the Departments of France of Haute-Sa?ne, in the Franche-Comt? region of France....
 and in 1435 he commissioned Jan van Eyck
Jan van Eyck

Jan van Eyck or Johannes de Eyck was an Early Netherlandish painting active in Bruges and considered one of the best Northern European painters of the 15th century....
 the famous The Virgin with Child and Chancellor Rolin, now at the Louvre. One of his sons was Cardinal Jean Rolin
Jean Rolin (cardinal)

Jean Rolin was a Burgundian bishop and Cardinal .His father, Nicolas Rolin, was ducal Chancellor of Burgundy, and lord of Authumes. Jean became a Cardinal in 1448, created by Pope Nicholas V, as part of diplomatic engagement between the Duchy of Burgundy and the Papacy, tending against France....
. Another son, Louis, was killed on the field at the battle of Grandson
Battle of Grandson

The Battle of Grandson, took place on 2 March 1476, was part of the Burgundian Wars, and resulted in a major defeat for Charles the Bold, Duke of Duchy of Burgundy....
 in 1465, while a third, Antoine, held various court offices such as chamberlain
Chamberlain

Chamberlain may refer to:* Chamberlain , an American indie rock band from Indiana, 1996-2000* Chamberlain , the officer in charge of managing the household of a sovereign or other noble figure...
 to Charles the Bold.

Hospices de Beaune

Having founded the Hospices de Beaune with his wife in 1443, in 1452 Rolin created a new religious order, "Les sœurs hospitalières de Beaune". He ordered the painting of an altarpiece, The Last judgement
Hôtel-Dieu, Beaune

The H?tel-Dieu, Beaune is the former hospital in the centre of Beaune, France, now a museum, but still run by the Hospices de Beaune. It is now an outstanding example of the architecture of its period....
 by the Flemish painter Rogier van der Weyden for the hospices.

Sources

  • Charles VII by Georges Minois


Parts of this article were initially translated from this Wikipedia article « :fr:Nicolas Rolin » , specifically from and from this Wikipedia article « :fr:Guigone de Salins » , specifically from .

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