In
New ZealandNew Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Māori named New Zealand Aotearoa, commonly translated as The Land of the Long White Cloud...
,
Native Schools were established to provide
educationEducation in its broadest sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual...
for the
MāoriThe Māori are the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand . The group probably arrived in southwestern Polynesia in several waves at some time before 1300...
.
Until the 1860s, the government
subsidisedA subsidy is a form of financial assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more...
church schools for the Maori. Early
missionaryA missionary is a member of a religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith; someone who proselytizes. The word "mission" is derived from the Latin missioninimus A missionary is a member of a religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith;...
schools were often conducted in the
Māori languageMāori or te reo Māori commonly te reo , is the language of the indigenous population of New Zealand, the Maori people, where it has is the status of an official language...
, which was the predominant language throughout the early part of the 1800s. By the 1860s, three-quarters of the Māori population could read in Māori and two-thirds could write in Maori. The Education Ordinance of 1847 provided funding for mission schools and required them to conduct classes in
EnglishEnglish is a West Germanic language that developed in England during the Anglo-Saxon era. As a result of the military, economic, scientific, political, and cultural influence of the British Empire during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, and of the United States since the mid 20th century,...
in order to receive subsidies.
The New Zealand Wars forced the closing of the mission schools.
The Native Schools Act of 1867 was a major shift in policy.
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In
New ZealandNew Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Māori named New Zealand Aotearoa, commonly translated as The Land of the Long White Cloud...
,
Native Schools were established to provide
educationEducation in its broadest sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual...
for the
MāoriThe Māori are the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand . The group probably arrived in southwestern Polynesia in several waves at some time before 1300...
.
Until the 1860s, the government
subsidisedA subsidy is a form of financial assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributors in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more...
church schools for the Maori. Early
missionaryA missionary is a member of a religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith; someone who proselytizes. The word "mission" is derived from the Latin missioninimus A missionary is a member of a religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith;...
schools were often conducted in the
Māori languageMāori or te reo Māori commonly te reo , is the language of the indigenous population of New Zealand, the Maori people, where it has is the status of an official language...
, which was the predominant language throughout the early part of the 1800s. By the 1860s, three-quarters of the Māori population could read in Māori and two-thirds could write in Maori. The Education Ordinance of 1847 provided funding for mission schools and required them to conduct classes in
EnglishEnglish is a West Germanic language that developed in England during the Anglo-Saxon era. As a result of the military, economic, scientific, political, and cultural influence of the British Empire during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, and of the United States since the mid 20th century,...
in order to receive subsidies.
The New Zealand Wars forced the closing of the mission schools.
The Native Schools Act of 1867 was a major shift in policy. Rather than helping churches to rebuild mission schools after the wars, the government offered secular state-controlled primary schools to Māori communities who petitioned for them. In return for providing a suitable site, the government provided a school, teacher, books, and materials.
The act required that English be the only language used in the education of Māori children, and Māori were generally strongly supportive of their children learning English as they saw benefits in being able to work with Pākehā.
James Henry Pope (1837–1913) was appointed the organising inspector of Native Schools in January 1880 and he issued a Native Schools Code later in 1880 that prescribed a curriculum a, established qualifications for teachers, and standardised operation for the native schools. The primary mission was to assimilate the Māori into European culture. Māori could attend board of education schools and non-Māori could attend Native Schools, although the primary purpose of the Native Schools was providing European education for the Maori. Throughout the 1900s the number of Native Schools decreased and Māori increasingly attended board of education schools.
The Native Schools remained distinct from other New Zealand schools until 1969, when the last 108 Native Schools were transferred to the control of education boards.
See also
- Residential schools in Canada
Founded in the 19th century, the Canadian Indian residential school system was intended to force the assimilation of Canadian Aboriginal and First Nations people into European-Canadian society...
- Indian boarding schools in the United States
- Cultural genocide
Cultural genocide is a term used to describe the deliberate destruction of the cultural heritage of a people or nation for political, military, religious, ideological, ethnical, or racial reasons.-Relevance to international law:...
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