Nanda Bayin
Encyclopedia
Nanda Bayin was the king of the Toungoo Dynasty
of Myanmar
from 1581 to 1599. Nanda was the first son of King Bayinnaung
. He was made the crown prince upon the ascension of his father in January 1551. As the crown prince, he led subjugation of Lanna
and the sack of Vientiene in 1565. He also waged wars alongside his father against Ayutthaya
that eventually led to the fall of the city in 1564 and 1569.
Bayinnaung died in 1581. Crown Prince Nanda succeeded his father as the king of Pegu and appointed his first son Minchit as the Crown Prince. Thadominthaw the viceroy of Ava
(Nanda Bayin’s brother-in-law), however, didn’t attend the coronation audience due to the crown prince’s treatment to the crown princess who was Thadominthaw’s daughter. Nanda was enraged at the inobedience of his brother-in-law, ordered the massacre of people supporting the viceroy of Ava, and prepared a full-scale war against Ava.
Nanda also requested auxiliary troops from Prome, Toungoo, and Ayutthaya. The king was also to take Ava with the help of Prome and Toungoo and installed his son Minyekyawswa. The Siamese armies led by crown prince Naresuan
, however, marched towards Pegu. Nanda hurried down south to stop the Siamese from reaching the capital, only to find out that the Siamese prince had returned and sacked Mon cities on the way.
In 1584, Nanda sent his armies into Siam led by the crown prince Mingyi Swa to subjugate the country. The campaign, however, failed. Nanda decided to lead the armies himself into Siam in 1586 and reached Ayutthaya but laid siege on the city for five months without success. Then Nanda decided to retreat but was followed and harassed by Siamese armies. In 1590, the king marched into Siam again with Mingyi Swa in the vanguard, but the crown prince was again defeated by the Siamese led by Naresuan
.
Nanda then mustered all available forces at his disposal aganist the Siamese. In 1592, a very large campaign was organized and the Burmese armies amassed towards Ayutthaya led by the crown prince. The Burmese and Siamese battled near Ayutthaya. The Burmese crown prince and King Naresuan of Ayutthaya engaged a personal elephant battle, which resulted in Mingyi Swa’s death.
With the death of Mingyi Swa, Nanda appointed Minyekyawswa the viceroy of Ava as the crown prince. Nanda suffered several rebellions around the city of Martaban
and Moulmein that led to the expansion of Siamese influence into the Mon state. In 1594, Naresuan, with the supports from the Mon rebels, marched towards Pegu and laid siege on the city but then retreated due to an aggressive defence by the viceroys of Prome and Toungoo.
In 1595, however, the viceroy of Prome who was Nanda’s son led a huge rebellion taking Toungoo and a large northern portion of the kingdom, proclaiming himself as an independent king. Nanda then lost trust in those close to him and requested the sons of tributary kings to be held hostage in Pegu. Viceroy of Toungoo Minye Thihathu then requested the King of Rakhine
to invade Pegu and declared himself king of Toungoo. The Arakan invasion was countered by the crown prince but the crown prince then gave himself up to Toungoo – where he was killed by Natshinnaung, son of Minye Thihathu. Shocked by the death of his son and his own defeat, Nanda abdicated the throne to the King of Toungoo in 1599 and was captured to Toungoo – therefore his epithet Toungooyauk Min .
The abdicated king survived for another year in captivity in Toungoo but was assassinated by Natshinnaung in November 1600.
Toungoo Dynasty
The Toungoo Dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Burma from the mid-16th century to 1752. Its early kings Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung succeeded in reunifying the Pagan Empire for the first time since 1287, and in incorporating the Shan States for the first time...
of Myanmar
Myanmar
Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....
from 1581 to 1599. Nanda was the first son of King Bayinnaung
Bayinnaung
Bayinnaung Kyawhtin Nawrahta was the third king of the Toungoo dynasty of Burma . During his 30-year reign, which has been called the "greatest explosion of human energy ever seen in Burma", Bayinnaung assembled the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia, which included much of modern day...
. He was made the crown prince upon the ascension of his father in January 1551. As the crown prince, he led subjugation of Lanna
Lanna
The Kingdom of Lanna was a kingdom centered in present-day northern Thailand from the 13th to 18th centuries. The cultural development of the people of Lanna, the Tai Yuan people, had begun long before as successive Tai Yuan kingdoms preceded Lanna...
and the sack of Vientiene in 1565. He also waged wars alongside his father against Ayutthaya
Ayutthaya kingdom
Ayutthaya was a Siamese kingdom that existed from 1350 to 1767. Ayutthaya was friendly towards foreign traders, including the Chinese, Vietnamese , Indians, Japanese and Persians, and later the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and French, permitting them to set up villages outside the walls of the...
that eventually led to the fall of the city in 1564 and 1569.
Bayinnaung died in 1581. Crown Prince Nanda succeeded his father as the king of Pegu and appointed his first son Minchit as the Crown Prince. Thadominthaw the viceroy of Ava
Ava
Innwa is a city in the Mandalay Division of Burma , situated just to the south of Amarapura on the Ayeyarwady River. Its formal title is Ratanapura , which means City of Gems in Pali. The name Innwa means mouth of the lake, which comes from in , meaning lake, and wa , which means mouth...
(Nanda Bayin’s brother-in-law), however, didn’t attend the coronation audience due to the crown prince’s treatment to the crown princess who was Thadominthaw’s daughter. Nanda was enraged at the inobedience of his brother-in-law, ordered the massacre of people supporting the viceroy of Ava, and prepared a full-scale war against Ava.
Nanda also requested auxiliary troops from Prome, Toungoo, and Ayutthaya. The king was also to take Ava with the help of Prome and Toungoo and installed his son Minyekyawswa. The Siamese armies led by crown prince Naresuan
Naresuan
Somdet Phra Naresuan Maharat or Somdet Phra Sanphet II was the King of the Ayutthaya kingdom from 1590 until his death in 1605. Naresuan was one of Siam's most revered monarchs as he was known for his campaigns to free Siam from Burmese rule...
, however, marched towards Pegu. Nanda hurried down south to stop the Siamese from reaching the capital, only to find out that the Siamese prince had returned and sacked Mon cities on the way.
In 1584, Nanda sent his armies into Siam led by the crown prince Mingyi Swa to subjugate the country. The campaign, however, failed. Nanda decided to lead the armies himself into Siam in 1586 and reached Ayutthaya but laid siege on the city for five months without success. Then Nanda decided to retreat but was followed and harassed by Siamese armies. In 1590, the king marched into Siam again with Mingyi Swa in the vanguard, but the crown prince was again defeated by the Siamese led by Naresuan
Naresuan
Somdet Phra Naresuan Maharat or Somdet Phra Sanphet II was the King of the Ayutthaya kingdom from 1590 until his death in 1605. Naresuan was one of Siam's most revered monarchs as he was known for his campaigns to free Siam from Burmese rule...
.
Nanda then mustered all available forces at his disposal aganist the Siamese. In 1592, a very large campaign was organized and the Burmese armies amassed towards Ayutthaya led by the crown prince. The Burmese and Siamese battled near Ayutthaya. The Burmese crown prince and King Naresuan of Ayutthaya engaged a personal elephant battle, which resulted in Mingyi Swa’s death.
With the death of Mingyi Swa, Nanda appointed Minyekyawswa the viceroy of Ava as the crown prince. Nanda suffered several rebellions around the city of Martaban
Mottama
Mottama, formerly Martaban, is a small town in the Thaton district of Mon State, Myanmar. Located on the north bank of the Thanlwin river, on the opposite side of Mawlamyaing, Mottama was the first capital of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom in the 13th and 14th centuries, and an entrepôt of international...
and Moulmein that led to the expansion of Siamese influence into the Mon state. In 1594, Naresuan, with the supports from the Mon rebels, marched towards Pegu and laid siege on the city but then retreated due to an aggressive defence by the viceroys of Prome and Toungoo.
In 1595, however, the viceroy of Prome who was Nanda’s son led a huge rebellion taking Toungoo and a large northern portion of the kingdom, proclaiming himself as an independent king. Nanda then lost trust in those close to him and requested the sons of tributary kings to be held hostage in Pegu. Viceroy of Toungoo Minye Thihathu then requested the King of Rakhine
Rakhine State
Rakhine State is a Burmese state. Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State in the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region in the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west, and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. It is located approximately between...
to invade Pegu and declared himself king of Toungoo. The Arakan invasion was countered by the crown prince but the crown prince then gave himself up to Toungoo – where he was killed by Natshinnaung, son of Minye Thihathu. Shocked by the death of his son and his own defeat, Nanda abdicated the throne to the King of Toungoo in 1599 and was captured to Toungoo – therefore his epithet Toungooyauk Min .
The abdicated king survived for another year in captivity in Toungoo but was assassinated by Natshinnaung in November 1600.