Münch (family lineage)
Encyclopedia
The history of the dynasty of the family Münch unfolded within a period of about three hundred years, between 1200 and 1500 AD. During this time the Münchs were one of the most influential family lineages in Basel
.
walking from right to left in front of a white background. The emblem is an equivalent of the modern day official coat of arms of the Municipality
Münchenstein
.
The Münchs rose to commissionaires of the bishop of Basel. During this period the bishops mentors and consultants were a privileged society. The first knight
(cavalier) Münch was mentioned in 1232 and he lived auf Burg, one of the most exclusive and aristocratic areas in the city, near the Basel Münster
.
Within the various sectors of the family, those from Münchenstein were the most prosperous and in Basel and the surrounding areas they won on importance and significance. But Konrad II. was the first renowned Münch. Between 1221 and 1239 he officiated as head of the bishops court. During this period the Münchs became richer and more powerful and in 1258 the knighted Konrad III. Münch von Münchsberg was named privy counsellor.
During the middle of the 13th century the Münchs acquired their new and extensive residence in the city centre and they named it Münchhof. This was the birth place of the controversial bishop of Basel Hartung Münch
(*1265, 25.10.1332). Around 1267 Heinrich I. Münch, the father of Hartung Münch, was documented as the Mayor of Basel (Mayor from the Latin māior, meaning greater).
The Münchs from Stettenberg/Alsace died out soon after 1300 and the branch Münch von Münchsberg in the year 1356.
during the second half of the 13th century is unknown. At this time Geckingen belonged to the cathedral chapter Basel. Around the year 1260 the up-rising cavalier family Münch acquired the village on the hillside adjacent to the river Birs
and established their estate there. The exact date of the construction of Münchenstein Castle
remains unclear, but most likely building began in the time between 1260 and 1270.
The founder of the castle was Hugo III. Münch, as was mentioned in diverse public records around 1270 . The Münchs named the castle on the rock (Stein) after themselves and the cavalier family Münch named themselves henceforth Münch von Münchenstein. Later Hugo IV. Münch von Münchenstein expanded the castle and a built a ring wall around the village. After 1279 the village Geckingen was called Münchenstein. The Münchs could not keep the village and castle for long as their own Property. During 1280 ownership transferred to the Graf von Pfirt, who then lent it to the Münchs in fief.
and the three fortresses in the district Wartenburg. The inherited estate of the Löwenburgs was an advantage to the Münchs von Münchenstein.
, as well as the properties and castles Vordere- and Mittlere Wartenberg and the village of Muttenz
.
Jerg Münch von Büren/Sterenfels died in 1449, he was the final offspring in this branch of the family.
When Johann IX. Münch died in 1460, as last family member of the Münchs in Landskron, the family branch in Alsace
disappeared completely. His brother Burkhard VII. Münch
was probably the most renowned of the Münchs from Landskron. Being a Habsburg
faithful, he rode as cavalier 1444 with Dauphin Louis XI and Jean V. de Bueil doing duty as translator and guide for the Armagnacs. The Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs
was fought on 26 August 1444, this was a battle within the Old Zürich War
. During the battle the Swiss pikemen suffered heavy casualties and were virtually wiped out by the Armagnac
forces. Following the bloodbath, Burkhard VII. rode across the slaughter field with raised visor and was sarcastically mocking the Swiss band of soldiers, as one of the dying pikemen threw a stone into his face. Burkhard VII. died from his wounds three days later. In Switzerland
Burkhard VII. has acquired dubious celebrity as one of the darkest men in Swiss history, because his statement was: "Ich siche in ein rossegarten, den min fordren geret hand vor hunderd jar" (I feel as though I am riding through a garden of roses that my ancestors planted 100 years ago). According to the legend the answer that accompanied the stone was: "Friss eine der Rosen!" (Eat one of your roses).
The last branch of the family, Münch von Münchenstein-Löwenberg, died out in 1795.
Basel
Basel or Basle In the national languages of Switzerland the city is also known as Bâle , Basilea and Basilea is Switzerland's third most populous city with about 166,000 inhabitants. Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany...
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Official seal of genital
The original family coat of arms was an upright striding guenon. As of the year 1232, when the Münchs were awarded their knighthood, the crest showed a black clothed with hanging hood, bald headed, with hands folded together in prayer, red shoed monkMonk
A monk is a person who practices religious asceticism, living either alone or with any number of monks, while always maintaining some degree of physical separation from those not sharing the same purpose...
walking from right to left in front of a white background. The emblem is an equivalent of the modern day official coat of arms of the Municipality
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...
Münchenstein
Münchenstein
Münchenstein is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.-Historical records:Münchenstein is first mentioned in 1196 as Kekingen. In 1270 it was mentioned as Geckingen and in 1279 as Munchenstein.* 1259: The hamlet and the mill, between "Neue...
.
The name arising
The name Münch first appeared in an official document from the year 1185. Thereafter Hugo Monachus I. was mentioned repeatedly in official documents or in public records, alternatively he was named as "Hugo cognomento", "Hugo cognomine Monachus" or "Hugo Monachus".The Münchs rose to commissionaires of the bishop of Basel. During this period the bishops mentors and consultants were a privileged society. The first knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
(cavalier) Münch was mentioned in 1232 and he lived auf Burg, one of the most exclusive and aristocratic areas in the city, near the Basel Münster
Basel Münster
The Basel Münster is one of the main landmarks and tourist attractions of the Swiss city of Basel. It adds definition to the cityscape with its red sandstone architecture and coloured roof tiles, its two slim towers and the cross-shaped intersection of the main roof...
.
Family branches
The family divided into various branches. Hugo Monachus I. was the ancestor of the Münch clan. The family Münch von Münchenstein originated from his first son Hugo II. Soon after, the family names Münch von Münchsberg and Münch von Büren/Sterenfels derived from this branch of the lineage. The family names Münchs von Landskron and Münch von Stettenberg/Alsace derived from the second son Konrad II.Within the various sectors of the family, those from Münchenstein were the most prosperous and in Basel and the surrounding areas they won on importance and significance. But Konrad II. was the first renowned Münch. Between 1221 and 1239 he officiated as head of the bishops court. During this period the Münchs became richer and more powerful and in 1258 the knighted Konrad III. Münch von Münchsberg was named privy counsellor.
During the middle of the 13th century the Münchs acquired their new and extensive residence in the city centre and they named it Münchhof. This was the birth place of the controversial bishop of Basel Hartung Münch
Hartung Münch
Hartung Münch von Landskron was bishop of Basel from 1325 to 1328.-Early life:Hartung Münch was born about 1265, son of the Mayor of Basel Heinrich I...
(*1265, 25.10.1332). Around 1267 Heinrich I. Münch, the father of Hartung Münch, was documented as the Mayor of Basel (Mayor from the Latin māior, meaning greater).
The Münchs from Stettenberg/Alsace died out soon after 1300 and the branch Münch von Münchsberg in the year 1356.
Ancestral seat
Exactly how the Münchs attained the village of Kekingen (later Geckingen)Münchenstein
Münchenstein is a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.-Historical records:Münchenstein is first mentioned in 1196 as Kekingen. In 1270 it was mentioned as Geckingen and in 1279 as Munchenstein.* 1259: The hamlet and the mill, between "Neue...
during the second half of the 13th century is unknown. At this time Geckingen belonged to the cathedral chapter Basel. Around the year 1260 the up-rising cavalier family Münch acquired the village on the hillside adjacent to the river Birs
Birs
The Birs is a 73-km long river in Switzerland that flows through the Jura region and ends as a tributary to the Rhine between Basel and Birsfelden.- Picture gallery :...
and established their estate there. The exact date of the construction of Münchenstein Castle
Münchenstein Castle
Münchenstein Castle is a landmark above the village centre of Münchenstein, in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. The ruins of the castle can still be visited and viewed, but are under private ownership.-Location:...
remains unclear, but most likely building began in the time between 1260 and 1270.
The founder of the castle was Hugo III. Münch, as was mentioned in diverse public records around 1270 . The Münchs named the castle on the rock (Stein) after themselves and the cavalier family Münch named themselves henceforth Münch von Münchenstein. Later Hugo IV. Münch von Münchenstein expanded the castle and a built a ring wall around the village. After 1279 the village Geckingen was called Münchenstein. The Münchs could not keep the village and castle for long as their own Property. During 1280 ownership transferred to the Graf von Pfirt, who then lent it to the Münchs in fief.
Expansion
The dynasty expanded further, but the various branches separated and, in time, each family followed its own politics. The Münchs acquired further territories and bought and/or built additional castles. The main influence in this expansion was probably Konrad VIII. (1324–1378), son of Hartmann I. Münch von Münchenstein (who died in 1334). Konrad VIII (called "Hape") married Katharina the hereditary daughter from Löwenburg in 1340. Katharina Münch von Münchenstein-Löwenberg died in 1371 and Konrad VIII inherited governance of MuttenzMuttenz
Muttenz is a municipality with a population of approximately 17,000 in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. It is located in the district of Arlesheim and next to the city of Basle.-History:...
and the three fortresses in the district Wartenburg. The inherited estate of the Löwenburgs was an advantage to the Münchs von Münchenstein.
New branches
The family branches expanded and grew in number. The families Münch von Münchenstein-Löwenberg and Münch von Münchenstein-Eptingen were founded as the dynasty expanded towards the north.Properties
The family clan were owners of the following properties, stately homes and castles: Münchhof in the centre of Basel, Münchenstein Castle and the village of Münchenstein, the castle in Münchsberg, the castle in Landskron, the castle Angenstein above DuggingenDuggingen
Duggingen is a municipality in the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland.-Geography:Duggingen has an area, , of . Of this area, or 29.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 57.4% is forested...
, as well as the properties and castles Vordere- and Mittlere Wartenberg and the village of Muttenz
Muttenz
Muttenz is a municipality with a population of approximately 17,000 in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. It is located in the district of Arlesheim and next to the city of Basle.-History:...
.
Bishops and clergy
Throughout the family lineage, the Münchs were always well represented in the church or church matters and public affairs. There were always respected clergy, priests and provosts that carried the name Münch. Some of them even rose and became bishops:- Hartung MünchHartung MünchHartung Münch von Landskron was bishop of Basel from 1325 to 1328.-Early life:Hartung Münch was born about 1265, son of the Mayor of Basel Heinrich I...
(born 1265; † 25. October 1332) was bishop of Basel from 1325 to 1328. - Konrad Münch von Landskron, bishop of Basel from 1393 to 1394
- Johann Münch von Landskron, bishop of Lausanne from 1393 to 1405
- Hartmann III. Münch von Löwenberg, bishop of Basel from 1418 to 1423
Decline
During the 15th century the Münchs prosperity started to deteriorate. This progressed as the bishops authorities weakened and the significance of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Basel decreased. The Münchs decline was also due to wrong political decisions, especially in periods of conflicts. They quickly got poorer and lost influence to the benefit of the new upper class society.Jerg Münch von Büren/Sterenfels died in 1449, he was the final offspring in this branch of the family.
When Johann IX. Münch died in 1460, as last family member of the Münchs in Landskron, the family branch in Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
disappeared completely. His brother Burkhard VII. Münch
Burkhard VII. Münch
Burkhard VII. Münch was a knight and life peer, a renowned late member of the Landskron branch of the Münch family. He achieved sad reputation after the Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs....
was probably the most renowned of the Münchs from Landskron. Being a Habsburg
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
faithful, he rode as cavalier 1444 with Dauphin Louis XI and Jean V. de Bueil doing duty as translator and guide for the Armagnacs. The Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs
Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs
The Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs was fought between the Old Swiss Confederacy and French mercenaries , on the banks of the river Birs...
was fought on 26 August 1444, this was a battle within the Old Zürich War
Old Zürich War
The Old Zürich War , 1440–46, was a conflict between the canton of Zürich and the other seven cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy over the succession to the Count of Toggenburg....
. During the battle the Swiss pikemen suffered heavy casualties and were virtually wiped out by the Armagnac
Armagnac (party)
The Armagnac party was prominent in French politics and warfare during the Hundred Years' War. It was allied with the supporters of Charles, Duke of Orléans against John the Fearless after Charles' father Louis of Orléans was killed at the orders of the Duke of Burgundy in 1407...
forces. Following the bloodbath, Burkhard VII. rode across the slaughter field with raised visor and was sarcastically mocking the Swiss band of soldiers, as one of the dying pikemen threw a stone into his face. Burkhard VII. died from his wounds three days later. In Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
Burkhard VII. has acquired dubious celebrity as one of the darkest men in Swiss history, because his statement was: "Ich siche in ein rossegarten, den min fordren geret hand vor hunderd jar" (I feel as though I am riding through a garden of roses that my ancestors planted 100 years ago). According to the legend the answer that accompanied the stone was: "Friss eine der Rosen!" (Eat one of your roses).
The last branch of the family, Münch von Münchenstein-Löwenberg, died out in 1795.
Literature
- Münchenstein Heimatkunde. Verlag des Kantons Basel-Landschaft, Liestal 1995, ISBN 978-3-85673-522-7.
- Doris Huggel: "Die Münch on Münchenstein - Aufstieg und Niedergang eines Geschlechts", Kulturkommission der Bürgergemeinde Münchenstein 1999.
- Geschichte der Landschaft Basel und des Kantons Basellandschaft. Band 1. Liestal 1932.
- Heimatgeschichtliches Lesebuch von Basel-Stadt; Basel 1942
- Werner Meyer: Burgen von A bis Z, Burgenlexikon der Regio, Basel 1981
- Werner Meyer: "Münchenstein vom Mittelalter bis ins 17. Jahrhundert, in: Münchenstein Heimatkunde. Band 1. Liestal 1995, Seiten 127 bis 143.
External links
- Altbasel.ch Die Münch im mittelalterlichen Basel (in German)
- Online-Heimatkunde Muttenz The Münchs from Münchenstein and the village of Muttenz (in German)