Murder of Deborah Gardner
Encyclopedia
Deborah Gardner was a 23-year-old American Peace Corps
volunteer who was murdered by another volunteer in the South Pacific Kingdom of Tonga
in 1976. The handling of the subsequent trial of the killer brought much criticism against the Peace Corps.
when she joined the Peace Corps. After completing training, she was assigned to teach science and home economics to high school students in Nuku'alofa
, the capital city of Tonga. There she met Dennis Priven, a Peace Corps volunteer who had come to Tonga the previous year.
Priven became infatuated with Gardner, but she did not return his feelings. This became evident when Gardner accepted a dinner invitation from Priven. He had envisioned a romantic evening, but after he attempted to give Gardner an expensive gift, she left, saying she felt uncomfortable. Despite this, Priven continued to pursue her. Gardner tried to avoid him, going as far as requesting a transfer to another island. Priven, on the other hand, tried to get his Peace Corps service extended so he could stay near Gardner. Both requests were denied.
A few months before Priven's two-year Peace Corps service was completed, a party was held for all the volunteers on Tonga. It was attended by both Priven and Gardner. Many volunteers became intoxicated, including Gardner. She left the party with a male volunteer, who escorted her to her hut. This was witnessed by Priven, who became furious with jealousy. Less than a week after the party, on October 14, 1976, Priven killed her.
A local villager heard screams coming from Gardner's hut and rushed to the scene. He reported seeing Priven attempting to drag Gardner out of the hut. As soon as Priven noticed the Tongan, he released Gardner and fled on bicycle. Gardner later died from 22 stab wounds, but not before she was able to name her assailant.
and tried in Tonga. The prosecutor claimed that Priven killed Gardner in anger over his rejection. At his trial, however, where he was represented by lawyer Clive Edwards
(who was later to become deputy Prime Minister of Tonga), a psychiatrist hired by the Peace Corps testified that Priven was schizophrenic, and had claimed to be Gardner's Jesus Christ and that Gardner was possessed by the devil. Priven was found not guilty by reason of insanity.
Despite the verdict, the Tongan justice system was reluctant to release Priven, but after receiving a letter from the U.S. State Department promising that he would be involuntarily committed to a mental hospital, handed him over to the U.S. government. When he arrived in the U.S., however, Priven requested that he be released, and was, after the government discovered it had no legal grounds to hold him.
Under pressure from his family and the Peace Corps, Priven did ultimately agree to a psychiatric evaluation. He was interviewed by a psychiatrist associated with the hospital where the government had intended he serve his commitment, whose diagnosis fit with the prosecution's theory: Priven had suffered a "situational psychosis" after being rejected by Gardner. Since the diagnosis also determined that Priven was not schizophrenic, he could not be committed.
Priven returned to New York after he was released and worked for the Social Security Administration
until his retirement.
In 2005, the U.S. Attorney's office in Seattle looked into the possibility of bringing charges against Dennis Priven for the murder of Deborah Gardner but concluded that Priven could not be tried in any jurisdiction in the United States. Although a 1994 law allows prosecutors to bring charges against an American citizen who kills another American citizen while overseas and the Patriot Act allows US Courts to try Americans for crimes they may have committed while overseas, neither of these laws was in effect at the time the murder occurred in 1976 and they cannot therefore be applied retroactively to the Gardner murder case, the US Attorney's office concluded.
Although Priven's psychiatrist in his trial in Tonga testified that Priven suffered from latent paranoid schizophrenia, a panel of psychiatrists who discussed the murder as a case study in 2005 concluded that Priven was probably suffering from a narcissistic personality disorder
, which manifests itself as obsessive involvement with one’s own interests and lack of empathy for others and had he been charged in an American court, he would not have been able to mount a successful defense "by reason of insanity."
Peace Corps
The Peace Corps is an American volunteer program run by the United States Government, as well as a government agency of the same name. The mission of the Peace Corps includes three goals: providing technical assistance, helping people outside the United States to understand US culture, and helping...
volunteer who was murdered by another volunteer in the South Pacific Kingdom of Tonga
Tonga
Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
in 1976. The handling of the subsequent trial of the killer brought much criticism against the Peace Corps.
Murder
Gardner was a recent graduate of Washington State UniversityWashington State University
Washington State University is a public research university based in Pullman, Washington, in the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest. Founded in 1890, WSU is the state's original and largest land-grant university...
when she joined the Peace Corps. After completing training, she was assigned to teach science and home economics to high school students in Nuku'alofa
Nuku'alofa
Nukualofa is the capital of the Kingdom of Tonga. It is located on the north coast of the island of Tongatapu, in the southern most island group of Tonga.-Mythological origins:...
, the capital city of Tonga. There she met Dennis Priven, a Peace Corps volunteer who had come to Tonga the previous year.
Priven became infatuated with Gardner, but she did not return his feelings. This became evident when Gardner accepted a dinner invitation from Priven. He had envisioned a romantic evening, but after he attempted to give Gardner an expensive gift, she left, saying she felt uncomfortable. Despite this, Priven continued to pursue her. Gardner tried to avoid him, going as far as requesting a transfer to another island. Priven, on the other hand, tried to get his Peace Corps service extended so he could stay near Gardner. Both requests were denied.
A few months before Priven's two-year Peace Corps service was completed, a party was held for all the volunteers on Tonga. It was attended by both Priven and Gardner. Many volunteers became intoxicated, including Gardner. She left the party with a male volunteer, who escorted her to her hut. This was witnessed by Priven, who became furious with jealousy. Less than a week after the party, on October 14, 1976, Priven killed her.
A local villager heard screams coming from Gardner's hut and rushed to the scene. He reported seeing Priven attempting to drag Gardner out of the hut. As soon as Priven noticed the Tongan, he released Gardner and fled on bicycle. Gardner later died from 22 stab wounds, but not before she was able to name her assailant.
Priven's Trial and Aftermath
Priven attempted suicide by taking Darvon and cutting his wrists, but changed his mind and sought out a friend to accompany him to the police to turn himself in. He was charged with murderMurder
Murder is the unlawful killing, with malice aforethought, of another human being, and generally this state of mind distinguishes murder from other forms of unlawful homicide...
and tried in Tonga. The prosecutor claimed that Priven killed Gardner in anger over his rejection. At his trial, however, where he was represented by lawyer Clive Edwards
Clive Edwards (Tonga)
William Clive Edwards OBE is a Tongan Cabinet Minister and former Deputy Prime Minister of Tonga. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party and currently serves as Minister for Justice and Minister for Public Enterprise....
(who was later to become deputy Prime Minister of Tonga), a psychiatrist hired by the Peace Corps testified that Priven was schizophrenic, and had claimed to be Gardner's Jesus Christ and that Gardner was possessed by the devil. Priven was found not guilty by reason of insanity.
Despite the verdict, the Tongan justice system was reluctant to release Priven, but after receiving a letter from the U.S. State Department promising that he would be involuntarily committed to a mental hospital, handed him over to the U.S. government. When he arrived in the U.S., however, Priven requested that he be released, and was, after the government discovered it had no legal grounds to hold him.
Under pressure from his family and the Peace Corps, Priven did ultimately agree to a psychiatric evaluation. He was interviewed by a psychiatrist associated with the hospital where the government had intended he serve his commitment, whose diagnosis fit with the prosecution's theory: Priven had suffered a "situational psychosis" after being rejected by Gardner. Since the diagnosis also determined that Priven was not schizophrenic, he could not be committed.
Priven returned to New York after he was released and worked for the Social Security Administration
Social Security Administration
The United States Social Security Administration is an independent agency of the United States federal government that administers Social Security, a social insurance program consisting of retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits...
until his retirement.
Criticism and Legal Options
The Peace Corps has been criticized for its handling of the murder, particularly since a book on the case was published in 2005, acquainting a wider public with the details. Criticisms include that Priven's defense in Tonga was supplied by the Peace Corps, that the Peace Corps allegedly went to great efforts to bury the incident, and that Priven was not suffering from a psychiatric disorder that would have allowed him to mount a successful psychiatric defense in an American court.In 2005, the U.S. Attorney's office in Seattle looked into the possibility of bringing charges against Dennis Priven for the murder of Deborah Gardner but concluded that Priven could not be tried in any jurisdiction in the United States. Although a 1994 law allows prosecutors to bring charges against an American citizen who kills another American citizen while overseas and the Patriot Act allows US Courts to try Americans for crimes they may have committed while overseas, neither of these laws was in effect at the time the murder occurred in 1976 and they cannot therefore be applied retroactively to the Gardner murder case, the US Attorney's office concluded.
Although Priven's psychiatrist in his trial in Tonga testified that Priven suffered from latent paranoid schizophrenia, a panel of psychiatrists who discussed the murder as a case study in 2005 concluded that Priven was probably suffering from a narcissistic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder is a personality disorder in which the individual is described as being excessively preoccupied with issues of personal adequacy, power, prestige and vanity...
, which manifests itself as obsessive involvement with one’s own interests and lack of empathy for others and had he been charged in an American court, he would not have been able to mount a successful defense "by reason of insanity."
External links
- 48 Hours Mystery
- 48 Hours Mystery, Excerpt: 'American Taboo'
- CBS Report: "Lost in Paradise"
- courtTV Crime Library
- Fallen Peace Corps Volunteer Memorial Project
- July 4, 2004 Article in the New Zealand Herald