Monsang Naga
Encyclopedia
The name Monsang is derived from the name of the village called Mosang by the Meiteis
and others whereas they themselves called sirti or southerners. They live mostly in the Chandel district in five villages namely Liwachaning, Heibunglok, Liwa Sarei, Japhou, and Monsang Pantha. They speak a similar language with the Anals
. They use Meiteilon while conversing with Tangkhul, Maring, Thadou and other communities. The Monsangs come in regular contact with other communities through economic activities maninly at Pallel, Kakching
, and Chandel
and Imphal
. Monsang parents attach great importance to education. Their population was about 1,139 in 1981 census. In 1920, they joined Christianity
.
(A) SIMPUTI CLAN:- 1. Ngoruh 2, Kiirii 3.Thumhlii, 4.Ngoru-Hranglum, 5. Chahlii, 6. Eenhla Buwangjiir and 7. Serbum.
(B) RINHETI CLAN:- 1. Rohin, 2. Wanglar 3. Thesong, 4. Hongam 5. Shongir 6. Khartu, 7. Khartu Bungpi.
between the Sub-Clans of Rinheti and Simpuwti can marry within its sub-clans i.g. marriage between Ngoruh and Kiirii, Kiirii and Thumhlii so on. The sub-clans of Rinheti may also marry within sub-clans of ig. Wanglar and Thesong, Hongam and shongsir,so on. But in the Simpuwti clan marriage within the sub-clan of Ngoruh and Ngoruh-Hranglum and in Rinheti clan marriage within Rohin and Wanglar, Hongam and Thesong and Khartu and Khartu Bongpi are prohibited. They are treated as close blood relation known as Ijuwr. If these happen to be any marriage between the above said clans then village authority will impose fine as per the Monsang customary law.
s are not hereditary
, they are elected by the people. The tenure of Chiefship is not fixed period. He holds the post as long as he enjoys confidence of his villagers. The Chiefs can be removed when his villagers do not have confidence on him or when he is too old.
1. If the land owner is too old and his family members are not interested in jhum cultivation
then the land can be given to his nearest relatives or can be sold to other sub-clans. Land sole to outsiders is not encouraged as it is immovable property
.
The above said land rules are followed only in the time of Jhum cultivation but when there is no cultivation
is taken place then whole land is treated as common land.
2. A land own by individual i.g. wet paddy field (survey/patta land) is treated as individual land own property.
Meitei people
The Meeteis or Meiteis are the majority ethnic group of Manipur, India, and because of this are sometimes referred to as Manipuris. Generally speaking, Meitei is an endonym and Manipuri is an exonym...
and others whereas they themselves called sirti or southerners. They live mostly in the Chandel district in five villages namely Liwachaning, Heibunglok, Liwa Sarei, Japhou, and Monsang Pantha. They speak a similar language with the Anals
Anal people
The Anal people are a scheduled tribe found in Manipur, India and in Burma. They speak their own language, Anal. They are thought to be closely related to the Kuki people. According to the 2001 census, there are 21,242 Anal in India...
. They use Meiteilon while conversing with Tangkhul, Maring, Thadou and other communities. The Monsangs come in regular contact with other communities through economic activities maninly at Pallel, Kakching
Kakching
Kakching is a city and a municipal council in Thoubal district in the Indian state of Manipur. It is situated in the southeastern part of Manipur- Geography :Kakching is located in the southern part of Imphal valley...
, and Chandel
Chandel
Chandela may refer to* Chandela, a Rajput clan in India* Chandel district, a district in Manipur, India* Suresh Chandel, Indian politician...
and Imphal
Imphal
Imphal is the capital of the Indian state of Manipur.In the heart of the town and surrounded by a moat, are ruins of the old Palace of Kangla. Kangla Fort used to be the home of the Assam Rifles, a paramilitary force and on November 2004 it was handed over to state of Manipur by Prime minister Dr....
. Monsang parents attach great importance to education. Their population was about 1,139 in 1981 census. In 1920, they joined Christianity
Christianity
Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
.
Clans
Generally in Monsang Tribe there are two clans namely (A) Simputi and (B) Rinheti. Each clan is again divided into several sub-clans.(A) SIMPUTI CLAN:- 1. Ngoruh 2, Kiirii 3.Thumhlii, 4.Ngoru-Hranglum, 5. Chahlii, 6. Eenhla Buwangjiir and 7. Serbum.
(B) RINHETI CLAN:- 1. Rohin, 2. Wanglar 3. Thesong, 4. Hongam 5. Shongir 6. Khartu, 7. Khartu Bungpi.
Inter-marriage
MarriageMarriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
between the Sub-Clans of Rinheti and Simpuwti can marry within its sub-clans i.g. marriage between Ngoruh and Kiirii, Kiirii and Thumhlii so on. The sub-clans of Rinheti may also marry within sub-clans of ig. Wanglar and Thesong, Hongam and shongsir,so on. But in the Simpuwti clan marriage within the sub-clan of Ngoruh and Ngoruh-Hranglum and in Rinheti clan marriage within Rohin and Wanglar, Hongam and Thesong and Khartu and Khartu Bongpi are prohibited. They are treated as close blood relation known as Ijuwr. If these happen to be any marriage between the above said clans then village authority will impose fine as per the Monsang customary law.
Chiefs
ChiefChief
- Title or rank :* Chiefs of the Name, the head of a family or clan* Chief executive officer, the highest-ranking corporate officer of an organization* Chief Master Sergeant, in the United States Air Force* Chief of police, the head of a police department...
s are not hereditary
Hereditary monarchy
A hereditary monarchy is the most common type of monarchy and is the form that is used by almost all of the world's existing monarchies.Under a hereditary monarchy, all the monarchs come from the same family, and the crown is passed down from one member to another member of the family...
, they are elected by the people. The tenure of Chiefship is not fixed period. He holds the post as long as he enjoys confidence of his villagers. The Chiefs can be removed when his villagers do not have confidence on him or when he is too old.
Villages officials
(Duties and Functions of Village Authority)- Chief (Eruwng) - Over all administrator.
- Senapati - Next to Chief. Assisting the Chief.
- Khulak - Assisting the Senapati
- Lulak - -do-
- Mantri - -do-
- Pakhanglak - Guiding the male (unmarried ones)
- Ningolak - Guiding the female (unmarried ones)
- Chingsanglak - To give information about the surrounding village.
- Meitei Lambu - To enquire & verify outsiders who visit village.
- Langching - To lead villagers in any social work or other community work in the village.
- Wangkhera -
- Nahara -
- Selung -
- Yupaar - Usher of Ekam ritual (Ekam offered by well of people. Offered meat, food, drink etc with ritual songs and dances.
- Kerung - Ushers of any ceremony.
Land holdings
Each and every individual, sub-clans, family owned land which comes down from their forefathers or grant parents known as Lhenhiing. The land is not easily transferable from one clan to another or family. It can be given or transferred to others is two conditions (1) If the particular land owner does not have male issue, it can be given to his daughter. Transferred to his son-in-law on his daughter’s marriage.1. If the land owner is too old and his family members are not interested in jhum cultivation
Jhum cultivation
Jhum or Jhoom cultivation is a local name for slash and burn agriculture practiced by the tribal groups in the northeastern states of India like Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland and also in the districts of Bangladesh like Khagrachari and Sylhet...
then the land can be given to his nearest relatives or can be sold to other sub-clans. Land sole to outsiders is not encouraged as it is immovable property
Immovable property
Immovable property is an immovable object, an item of property that cannot be moved without destroying or altering it - property that is fixed to the Earth, such as land or a house. In the United States it is also commercially and legally known as real estate and in Britain as property...
.
The above said land rules are followed only in the time of Jhum cultivation but when there is no cultivation
Cultivation
Cultivation may refer to:* plant cultivation* tillage, cultivation of the soil* breeding, cultivation of animals* Microbiological culture, a method of multiplying microbial organisms* A video game by Jason Rohrer...
is taken place then whole land is treated as common land.
2. A land own by individual i.g. wet paddy field (survey/patta land) is treated as individual land own property.