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Moderators and clerks in the Church of Scotland
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The Church of Scotland maintains a presbyterian polity and is thus governed by a hierarchy of committees known as church courts (though they are not courts in the legal sense). Each of these courts has a moderator and a clerk.
moderator presides over the meeting of the court, much as a convener presides over the meeting of a church committee. The moderator is thus the chairperson, and is understood to be a member of the court acting primus inter pares.
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The Church of Scotland maintains a presbyterian polity and is thus governed by a hierarchy of committees known as church courts (though they are not courts in the legal sense). Each of these courts has a moderator and a clerk.
Moderators
The moderator presides over the meeting of the court, much as a convener presides over the meeting of a church committee. The moderator is thus the chairperson, and is understood to be a member of the court acting primus inter pares. The moderator calls and constitutes meetings, presides at them, and closes them in prayer. The moderator has a casting vote, but not a deliberative vote. During a meeting the title "moderator" is used by all other members of the court as a form of address, but this is not done outwith the meetings. This convention expresses deference to the authority of the court rather than an honour for the moderator as an individual.
Moderator of the kirk session
The kirk session is the governing court of a parish. The moderator is usually the parish minister. During a vacancy the presbytery appoints an interim moderator, usually the minister of a neighbouring parish or a retired minister. The moderator is answerable to the presbytery, not to the kirk session, for his or her conduct in the court.
Moderator of the presbytery
The presbytery is the governing court of the local area. The moderator is usually the minister of a parish within the presbytery's bounds, or a retired minister, though an elder may also be appointed. The moderator is appointed by the presbytery itself and usually serves for one year. Typically the moderator conducts worship at ordinations and other ordinances seen as acts of the presbytery.
Moderator of the General Assembly
- See main article: Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
- Also: List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
The Moderator of the General Assembly is appointed for one year. He or she presides at the annual week-long meeting of the Assembly, and then has a representative function for the remainder of the year. Most often the Moderator is a parish minister, though Moderators are also frequently chosen from the ordained members of faculty at the four theological colleges. Occasionally (but only twice in the history of the Church) elders have been appointed. The Moderator of the General Assembly traditionally wears a distinctive costume, though since the 1980s a series of Moderators have attempted to reduce its significance.
Clerks
The word clerk is derived from cleric, but in secular use it has come to mean little more than "secretary" or "accountant", and civil and criminal courts have a clerk who records proceedings. In the courts of the church, clerks are responsible for minute-keeping, correspondence and other documentation, but as the courts are heavily dependent on them, they often carry some considerable influence beyond what is strictly their remit.
Session clerk
The session clerk is clerk to the kirk session. Usually the clerk is an elder, but occasionally a retired minister is appointed. The moderator acts as clerk when no other appointment can be made, but "this practice should last no longer than is absolutely unavoidable". Although it is permissible for a person from outside the kirk session to be co-opted to this position, it is very unusual for the session clerk not to be a full member of the session. The clerk is elected by the session, usually for an indefinite period, though some sessions appoint a clerk for a fixed term, perhaps five years.
The statutory duties of the clerk are limited to correspondence and paperwork, but in most sessions the clerk also takes responsibility for organising elders' duties and controlling the logistics at communion services, as a result of which the clerk is often seen as something of a manager of the session.
Presbytery clerk
The presbytery clerk is usually a parish minister, appointed by the presbytery for an indefinite period. Because of the experience accumulated by presbytery clerks over the years, they are often seen as local experts on church law, to whose judgements both the presbytery and its kirk sessions are often content to defer.
Clerks to the Assembly
The Principal and Depute Clerk to the General Assembly hold full-time positions. They work together with the Church's solicitor to ensure the legal correctness of the actions of the Assembly.
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