Marcos Sastre
Encyclopedia
Marcos Sastre fan an Argentine
writer, born in neighboring Uruguay
. He founded, along with Juan B. Alberdi, Juan María Gutiérrez
and Esteban Echeverría
, the "Salón Literario", the beginning of the Generation of '37.
in Argentina during the Portuguese occupation
. He finished his secondary schooling at the Monserrat School
in Córdoba
, where he started his studies on art and painting.
After the war with Brazil, he returned to Montevideo, where he founded a school nand published a book for the teaching of reading. He moved to Buenos Aires
in 1830, and started to study law at the University of Buenos Aires
, but did not finish. He studied painting with various renowned artists.
The following year he opened a bookstore "Librería Argentina". In the back room a new literary club, the "Salón Literario" (Literary meeting room) started meeting in 1835. The regular members to the Salón were youth interested in culture, politics and the scientific progress: Miguel Cané
, Juan Bautista Alberdi
, Juan María Gutiérrez
, Esteban Echeverría
, and Vicente Fidel López
. Their meetings at the beginning discussed literature, arts and fashion, influenced by the ascendancy of romanticism
in Europe at the time. They also discussed politics and culture, subjects that later became the core of their meetings.
In 1837 Echeverría founded the Asociación de Mayo, at the back room of his store. The meeting was first viewed favorably by top functionaries of the Rosas
government, even though they were considered suspicious by the Sociedad Popular Restauradora
(Rosas government's political arm). In the same year the French blockade of the Río de la Plata
started, which first for cultural reasons, then political, defined them as anti-Rosas. The threats of the para-military group, the Mazorca, Sastre did not run to Montevideo, as several of his friends had done. The government's displeasure and the stopping of imports from France
caused the bankruptcy
of his bookstore. In 1840 Sastre published a novel, "Cartas a Germania".
With his shop gone, he retired to the nearby town of San Fernando
, where he opened a school in 1842. There he conceived and wrote "El Tempe Argentino" his main work as a self-taught naturalist. It was a study more literary than scientific on the flora, fauna and geography of the Paraná Delta
, illustrated with engravings made by the author himself. besides the observations on flora and fauna, it contained studies on insects, mushrooms and ferns of the region, a novelty at the time.
After a visit to his school by members of the paramilitary Mazorca, he left for Santa Fe
and later to Entre Ríos
, where in 1849 founded the newspaper "El Sudamericano" and the following year, governor Urquiza
named him Inspector General of schools and director of the official newspaper "El Federal".
After the Battle of Caseros
, which deposed Rosas, he returned to Buenos Aires, where he was named director of the public library. For his sympathies with the Urquiza government, in 1853 he was released from the post. He returned to Entre Ríos, where he became Inspector General of schools of the Argentine Confederation
. He also wrote for several newspapers and published a treatise on spelling, "Ortografía Completa" and another one on grammar "Lecciones de Gramática".
After the Battle of Pavón
, during the Argentine Civil War, he continued working as the director of schools for the nation. In 1865 he was named director of the Teacher's School in Entre Ríos. His last public post was as member of the national Council on Education, post he worked on until his death.
Sastre died in Buenos Aires in February 1887.
The town of Sastre
, in Santa Fe Province
, street names in several Argentine cities and a school on the Reconquista River
, in the town of Tigre
, are named after him.
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
writer, born in neighboring Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
. He founded, along with Juan B. Alberdi, Juan María Gutiérrez
Juan María Gutiérrez
Juan María Gutiérrez was an Argentine statesman, jurist, surveyor, historian, critic, and poet.He was a major figure in Argentine liberalism and one of the most prominent promoters of Argentine culture during the 19th century...
and Esteban Echeverría
Esteban Echeverría
José Esteban Antonio Echeverría was an Argentine poet, fiction writer, cultural promoter, and political activist who played a significant role in the development of Argentine literature, not only through his own writings but also through his organizational efforts...
, the "Salón Literario", the beginning of the Generation of '37.
Biography
Started his schooling in Montevideo, but his family moved to the city of Santa FeSanta Fe, Argentina
Santa Fe is the capital city of province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It sits in northeastern Argentina, near the junction of the Paraná and Salado rivers. It lies opposite the city of Paraná, to which it is linked by the Hernandarias Subfluvial Tunnel. The city is also connected by canal with the...
in Argentina during the Portuguese occupation
Luso-Brazilian invasion
The Luso-Brazilian invasion of the Banda Oriental, also known as the Portuguese Invasion of 1816 and the War against Artigas , was an armed conflict between the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and the people of the Banda Oriental and the Misiones Province...
. He finished his secondary schooling at the Monserrat School
Colegio Nacional de Monserrat
Colegio Nacional de Monserrat is a public college preparatory high school in Córdoba, Argentina. Patterened after the European gymnasium, the school is the second oldest of its type and one of the most prestigious in Argentina.-Overview:...
in Córdoba
Córdoba, Argentina
Córdoba is a city located near the geographical center of Argentina, in the foothills of the Sierras Chicas on the Suquía River, about northwest of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of Córdoba Province. Córdoba is the second-largest city in Argentina after the federal capital Buenos Aires, with...
, where he started his studies on art and painting.
After the war with Brazil, he returned to Montevideo, where he founded a school nand published a book for the teaching of reading. He moved to Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
in 1830, and started to study law at the University of Buenos Aires
University of Buenos Aires
The University of Buenos Aires is the largest university in Argentina and the largest university by enrollment in Latin America. Founded on August 12, 1821 in the city of Buenos Aires, it consists of 13 faculties, 6 hospitals, 10 museums and is linked to 4 high schools: Colegio Nacional de Buenos...
, but did not finish. He studied painting with various renowned artists.
The following year he opened a bookstore "Librería Argentina". In the back room a new literary club, the "Salón Literario" (Literary meeting room) started meeting in 1835. The regular members to the Salón were youth interested in culture, politics and the scientific progress: Miguel Cané
Miguel Cané
Miguel Cané was an Argentine writer, lawyer, academic, journalist, and politician....
, Juan Bautista Alberdi
Juan Bautista Alberdi
Juan Bautista Alberdi was an Argentine political theorist and diplomat. Although he lived most of his life in exile in Montevideo and Chile, he was one of the most influential Argentine liberals of his age.-Biography:...
, Juan María Gutiérrez
Juan María Gutiérrez
Juan María Gutiérrez was an Argentine statesman, jurist, surveyor, historian, critic, and poet.He was a major figure in Argentine liberalism and one of the most prominent promoters of Argentine culture during the 19th century...
, Esteban Echeverría
Esteban Echeverría
José Esteban Antonio Echeverría was an Argentine poet, fiction writer, cultural promoter, and political activist who played a significant role in the development of Argentine literature, not only through his own writings but also through his organizational efforts...
, and Vicente Fidel López
Vicente Fidel López
Vicente Fidel López was an Argentine historian, lawyer and politician. He was a son of writer and politician Vicente López y Planes.-Biography:...
. Their meetings at the beginning discussed literature, arts and fashion, influenced by the ascendancy of romanticism
Romanticism
Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution...
in Europe at the time. They also discussed politics and culture, subjects that later became the core of their meetings.
In 1837 Echeverría founded the Asociación de Mayo, at the back room of his store. The meeting was first viewed favorably by top functionaries of the Rosas
Juan Manuel de Rosas
Juan Manuel de Rosas , was an argentine militar and politician, who was elected governor of the province of Buenos Aires in 1829 to 1835, and then of the Argentine Confederation from 1835 until 1852...
government, even though they were considered suspicious by the Sociedad Popular Restauradora
Sociedad Popular Restauradora
The Sociedad Popular Restauradora was an Argentine security agency that worked for Juan Manuel de Rosas in the mid-nineteenth century. It is known by its armed force, known as the Mazorca....
(Rosas government's political arm). In the same year the French blockade of the Río de la Plata
French blockade of the Río de la Plata
The French blockade to the Río de la Plata was a two-year long naval blockade imposed by France on the Argentine Confederation ruled by Juan Manuel de Rosas. It closed Buenos Aires to naval commerce. It was imposed in 1838 to support the Peru–Bolivian Confederation in the War of the Confederation,...
started, which first for cultural reasons, then political, defined them as anti-Rosas. The threats of the para-military group, the Mazorca, Sastre did not run to Montevideo, as several of his friends had done. The government's displeasure and the stopping of imports from France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
caused the bankruptcy
Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is a legal status of an insolvent person or an organisation, that is, one that cannot repay the debts owed to creditors. In most jurisdictions bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor....
of his bookstore. In 1840 Sastre published a novel, "Cartas a Germania".
With his shop gone, he retired to the nearby town of San Fernando
San Fernando, Buenos Aires
San Fernando de la Buena Vista is a city in the Gran Buenos Aires, in Argentina, and capital of the San Fernando Partido, north of the city of Buenos Aires.- Geographic Data:...
, where he opened a school in 1842. There he conceived and wrote "El Tempe Argentino" his main work as a self-taught naturalist. It was a study more literary than scientific on the flora, fauna and geography of the Paraná Delta
Paraná Delta
The Paraná Delta is the delta of the Paraná River in Argentina. The Paraná flows north–south and becomes an alluvial basin between the Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos and Santa Fe, then emptying into the Río de la Plata....
, illustrated with engravings made by the author himself. besides the observations on flora and fauna, it contained studies on insects, mushrooms and ferns of the region, a novelty at the time.
After a visit to his school by members of the paramilitary Mazorca, he left for Santa Fe
Santa Fe Province
The Invincible Province of Santa Fe, in Spanish Provincia Invencible de Santa Fe , is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco , Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero...
and later to Entre Ríos
Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos is a northeastern province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires , Corrientes and Santa Fe , and Uruguay in the east....
, where in 1849 founded the newspaper "El Sudamericano" and the following year, governor Urquiza
Justo José de Urquiza
Justo José de Urquiza y García was an Argentine general and politician. He was president of the Argentine Confederation from 1854 to 1860.He was governor of Entre Ríos during the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas, governor of Buenos Aires with powers delegated from the other provinces...
named him Inspector General of schools and director of the official newspaper "El Federal".
After the Battle of Caseros
Battle of Caseros
The Battle of Caseros was fought near the town of Caseros, more precisely between the present-day train stations of Caseros and Palomar in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, on 3 February 1852, between the Army of Buenos Aires commanded by Juan Manuel de Rosas...
, which deposed Rosas, he returned to Buenos Aires, where he was named director of the public library. For his sympathies with the Urquiza government, in 1853 he was released from the post. He returned to Entre Ríos, where he became Inspector General of schools of the Argentine Confederation
Argentine Confederation
The Argentine Confederation is one of the official names of Argentina, according to the Argentine Constitution, Article 35...
. He also wrote for several newspapers and published a treatise on spelling, "Ortografía Completa" and another one on grammar "Lecciones de Gramática".
After the Battle of Pavón
Battle of Pavón
The Battle of Pavón was a key battle of the Argentine civil wars fought in Pavón, in Santa Fé Province, Argentina, on September 17, 1861, between the Army of Buenos Aires, commanded by Bartolomé Mitre, and the National Army, commanded by Justo José de Urquiza...
, during the Argentine Civil War, he continued working as the director of schools for the nation. In 1865 he was named director of the Teacher's School in Entre Ríos. His last public post was as member of the national Council on Education, post he worked on until his death.
Sastre died in Buenos Aires in February 1887.
The town of Sastre
Sastre, Santa Fe
Sastre is a town in the west of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, 139 km west from the provincial capital. It has about 5,500 inhabitants as of the and it is the head town of the San Martín Department....
, in Santa Fe Province
Santa Fe Province
The Invincible Province of Santa Fe, in Spanish Provincia Invencible de Santa Fe , is a province of Argentina, located in the center-east of the country. Neighboring provinces are from the north clockwise Chaco , Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero...
, street names in several Argentine cities and a school on the Reconquista River
Reconquista River
The Reconquista River is a small river in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Together with the Riachuelo, it is one of the most contaminated watercourses in the country....
, in the town of Tigre
Tigre, Buenos Aires
Tigre is a town in the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, situated in the north of Greater Buenos Aires, north of Buenos Aires city. Tigre lies on the Paraná Delta and is an important tourist and weekend attraction, easily reached by bus and train services, including the scenic Tren de la Costa...
, are named after him.