Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010
Encyclopedia
Malta selected its entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 on February 2010 in the The GO Malta EuroSong 2010 competition, organised by the Public Broadcasting Services
Public Broadcasting Services
Public Broadcasting Services Limited is Malta's public broadcasting company, responsible for the TVM television channel and the Radio Malta and Radju Parlament and Magic radio stations. PBS is funded by government grant and the sale of commercial airtime...

 (PBS), the Maltese broadcaster. At the final of the contest held on 20 February Thea Garrett
Thea Garrett
Thea Garrett is a Maltese singer who represented Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo.-Early life:Born in Malta in 1992, Thea has been studying vocal technique and interpretation under the direction of soprano Gillian Żammit...

 was chosen by jury and televoting to represent Malta with the song "My Dream
My Dream (song)
"My Dream" is a song written by Jason Cassar and Sunny Aquilina and performed by Thea Garrett, representing Malta, at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010...

".

The GO Malta Eurosong 2010

Malta's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010
Eurovision Song Contest 2010
The Eurovision Song Contest 2010 was the 55th annual Eurovision Song Contest, broadcast from the Telenor Arena in Bærum, Greater Oslo, Norway. It was the third time Norway had hosted the contest, having previously done so in 1986 and 1996. The 2010 winner was Germany with Lena singing "Satellite",...

 was selected by the GO Malta Eurosong 2010 contest. 36 songs were selected in an open call for songs by PBS, which could be submitted until 30 October. In a change from previous years only Maltese nationals could submit songs to the selection process - this change however caused some criticism, especially from Grace Borg, former chairwoman of the Maltese Eurovision selection. It has been announced that songwriters can enter more than one composition, however artists may only perform one song.

36 artists were chosen to compete in six semi-finals, held between 9 December and 13 January. The votes of a professional jury and televoting selected twenty songs to progress to the final of the contest, held on 20 February 2010. The winner again selected by both jury and televoting, with each getting a 50% say in the final result. The semi-finals were incoparated into the new talent show L-Isfida (The Challenge).

In November it was announced that plans for the competition were paralysed by legal disputes between PBS and Grace Borg. Despite this the Maltese Head of Delegation, Joe Dimech, has denied that the whole national selection process was in danger, and that PBS were consulting legal advice. New dates for the national selection were to be made after missing their planned start date of 9 November for the first stage of the contest. On 18 November a Maltese court ruled in favour of PBS, in that they could prohibit foreign composers from competing in the GO Malta EuroSong 2010, finally allowing the Maltese selection process to continue.

On 19 November PBS revealed details on their selection process: 123 entries were received by PBS for the contest, considerably less than last year's total due to PBS rules allowing only one song per singer and allowing only Maltese songwriters to submit entries. From 2 to 4 December an international jury selected 36 songs from the submitted entries, and three days later the qualifiers performed in front of a different jury.

Semi-finals

On 4 December after three days of judging PBS released the names of the 36 competing songs. These include two former Eurovision representatives: Mike Spiteri (1995
Eurovision Song Contest 1995
The Eurovision Song Contest 1995 was the 40th Eurovision Song Contest and was held on 13 May 1995 in the Point Theatre in Dublin, Ireland. The presenter was Mary Kennedy. This contest broke the chain of victories that Ireland enjoyed in 1992, 1993, and 1994...

) and Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine Borg is a Maltese pop and rhythm and blues singer best known for representing Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996.-Early life:...

 (1996
Eurovision Song Contest 1996
The Eurovision Song Contest 1996 was the 41st Eurovision Song Contest and was held on 18 May 1996 in Oslo Spektrum in Oslo, Norway. The presenters were Ingvild Bryn and Morten Harket. Harket, lead singer of a-ha, opened the show with a performance of his single "Heaven's Not For Saints". Eimear...

), as well as many names familiar to the Maltese Eurovision selection process.

After judging the 36 songs on 4 December PBS later announced the running order and semi-final allocation of each of the 36 songs. The six semi-finals were held weekly from 9 December to 13 January, during the L-Isfida talent show, hosted by Claudette Pace
Claudette Pace
Claudette Pace is a Maltese singer born in Naxxar in 1968.Claudette Pace has participated in many local and international song festivals, and won several prestigious awards. In 1995, Claudette won the Best female artist award at the Malta Music Awards, an award she has been nominated for almost...

 from the Audiovision TV Studios in Hamrun
Hamrun
Ħamrun is a town in the Inner Harbour Region of Malta, with a population of 8,800 people .The villagers are traditionally known as Tas-Sikkina or as Ta' Werwer...

.
Semi-final 1

The first semi-final was held on 9 December 2009. Televoting was open from the end of the show until Saturday 12 December at 16:30 CET
Central European Time
Central European Time , used in most parts of the European Union, is a standard time that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time . The time offset from UTC can be written as +01:00...

.
style="font-size: bigger;" | Semi-final 1–9 December 2009
Draw Artist Song Composer - Lyricist
1 Raquela "Here I Am" Philip Vella
Philip Vella
Philip Vella is one of the most successful composers in Malta. He has won the main national festivals of Malta several times such as the Song for Europe festival, International Festival of Maltese song as well as Ghanja tal-poplu festival...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

2 Ally "Curiosity" Elton Zarb, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

3 Richard Edwards "Change" Richard Micallef
4 Foxy Federation "Fired Up" Philip Vella
Philip Vella
Philip Vella is one of the most successful composers in Malta. He has won the main national festivals of Malta several times such as the Song for Europe festival, International Festival of Maltese song as well as Ghanja tal-poplu festival...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

5 Klinsmann "Her Name Was Anne" Jonathan Spiteri & Klinsmann Coleiro, Aldo Spiteri
6 J.Anvil "Mirage" Andrew Zahra, Deo Grech

Semi-final 2

The second semi-final was held on 16 December 2009. Televoting was open from the end of the show until Saturday 19 December at 16:30 CET
Central European Time
Central European Time , used in most parts of the European Union, is a standard time that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time . The time offset from UTC can be written as +01:00...

.
style="font-size: bigger;" | Semi-final - 16 December 2009
Draw Artist Song Composer - Lyricist
1 Aldo Busuttil "Pizzicato" Philip Vella
Philip Vella
Philip Vella is one of the most successful composers in Malta. He has won the main national festivals of Malta several times such as the Song for Europe festival, International Festival of Maltese song as well as Ghanja tal-poplu festival...

, Alfred C. Sant
2 Claudia Faniello
Claudia Faniello
- Biography :Claudia was born and raised in Malta, along with her siblings Fabrizio and Miriana. At the age of 12, Claudia began to participate in a variety of television shows and participating also in many festivals and placing in top positions. In 2001, at the Phoenicia Hotel in Malta, she won...

"Samsara" Philip Vella
Philip Vella
Philip Vella is one of the most successful composers in Malta. He has won the main national festivals of Malta several times such as the Song for Europe festival, International Festival of Maltese song as well as Ghanja tal-poplu festival...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

3 Claire Galea "Ole Satchmo Blues" Claire Galea, Erin Stewart Tanti & Claire Galea
4 Godwin Lucas & Eve Daly "The Best Years" Carm Fenech
5 Josef Tabone "Who Cares?" Elton Zarb, Rita Pace
6 Glen Vella "Just A Little More Love" Paul Giordimaina, Fleur Balzan

Semi-final 3

The third semi-final was held on 23 December 2009. Televoting was open from the end of the show until Saturday 26 December at 16:30 CET
Central European Time
Central European Time , used in most parts of the European Union, is a standard time that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time . The time offset from UTC can be written as +01:00...

.
style="font-size: bigger;" | Semi-final 3–23 December 2009
Draw Artist Song Composer - Lyricist
1 Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine Borg is a Maltese pop and rhythm and blues singer best known for representing Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996.-Early life:...

"Beautiful Contradiction" Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine Borg is a Maltese pop and rhythm and blues singer best known for representing Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996.-Early life:...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

2 Thea Garrett "My Dream" Jason Paul Cassar, Sunny Aquilina
3 Tiziana Calleja "Words are Not Enough" John David Zammit, Paul Callus
4 Eleanor Spiteri "Velvet Ocean" Paul Abela, Joe Julian Farrugia
5 Francesca Borg "I Surrender" Dominic Cini, Mario J Caruana
6 Eleonor Cassar
Eleonor Cassar
Eleanor Cassar is a Maltese singer that won the Golden Stag Festival 2004.Born on July 29, 1982, Eleanor Cassar has been singing since she was 11 years old. She was first noticed by her teacher in Secondary school that encouraged her at participate at musical and theatrical events...

"Choices" Paul Giordimaina, Fleur Balzan

Semi-final 4

The fourth semi-final was held on 30 December 2009. Televoting was open from the end of the show until Saturday 2 January 2010 at 16:30 CET
Central European Time
Central European Time , used in most parts of the European Union, is a standard time that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time . The time offset from UTC can be written as +01:00...

.
style="font-size: bigger;" | Semi-final 4–30 December 2009
Draw Artist Song Composer - Lyricist
1 Audrey Marie Bartolo "Good Intentions" Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine Borg is a Maltese pop and rhythm and blues singer best known for representing Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996.-Early life:...

, Rita Pace
2 Wayne Micallef "Save A Life" Wayne Micallef
3 Ryan Dale & Duminka "One For You" Ryan Dale, Jon Lukas
4 Mike Spiteri "Twenty Thousand Leagues" Ray Agius, Alfred C. Sant
5 Cynthia Attard "If I Knew" Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine Borg is a Maltese pop and rhythm and blues singer best known for representing Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996.-Early life:...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

6 Dario Bezzina
Dario Bezzina
Dario Bezzina is a Maltese pop singer.Bezzina was featured on the "Junior Popstars" competition, winning the competition and the title of "Junior Popstar"...

"Grave Dancers" Chan Vella, Alexia Schembri

Semi-final 5

The fifth semi-final was held on 6 January 2010. Televoting was open from the end of the show until Saturday 9 January 2010 at 16:30 CET
Central European Time
Central European Time , used in most parts of the European Union, is a standard time that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time . The time offset from UTC can be written as +01:00...

.
style="font-size: bigger;" | Semi-final 5–6 January 2010
Draw Artist Song Composer - Lyricist
1 Petra Zammit "All I Need" Andrew Zammit, Keith Zammit
2 Pamela Bezzina "Hold On" Paul Giordimaina, Fleur Balzan
3 Nadine Axisa & Clifford Galea "Once in a Lifetime" Jason Paul Cassar, Mario Farrugia
4 Priscilla & Kurt "Waterfall" Mark Debono, Rita Pace
5 Baklava "Euphoria" Philip Vella
Philip Vella
Philip Vella is one of the most successful composers in Malta. He has won the main national festivals of Malta several times such as the Song for Europe festival, International Festival of Maltese song as well as Ghanja tal-poplu festival...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

6 Rosman Pace "Hypnotized" Rosman Pace

Semi-final 6

The sixth semi-final was be held on 13 January 2010. Televoting will open from the end of the show until Saturday 16 January 2010 at 16:30 CET
Central European Time
Central European Time , used in most parts of the European Union, is a standard time that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time . The time offset from UTC can be written as +01:00...

.
style="font-size: bigger;" | Semi-final 6–13 January 2010
Draw Artist Song Composer - Lyricist
1 Ruth Portelli "Three Little Words" Philip Vella
Philip Vella
Philip Vella is one of the most successful composers in Malta. He has won the main national festivals of Malta several times such as the Song for Europe festival, International Festival of Maltese song as well as Ghanja tal-poplu festival...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

2 Roger Tirazona "Silver Rain" Paul Abela, Joe Julian Farrugia
3 Jessica Muscat "Fake" Philip Vella
Philip Vella
Philip Vella is one of the most successful composers in Malta. He has won the main national festivals of Malta several times such as the Song for Europe festival, International Festival of Maltese song as well as Ghanja tal-poplu festival...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

4 Silver Clash "Broken" Robert Parde
5 Lawrence Gray "Stories" Ray Agius, Godwin Sant
6 Dorothy Bezzina "Moments" Chan Vella, Alexia Schembri

Final

The final of the GO Malta EuroSong 2010 was held on 20 February at the Fairs and Convention Centre in Ta' Qali, hosted by Keith Demicoli and Pauline Agius, with Owen Bonnici presenting from the Green Room. 20 songs were selected from the 36 finalists, and were revealed on 16 January. The draw for the running order in the final was held on 17 January.

A number of guests performed during the final: Sirusho
Sirusho
Siranush Harutyunyan , known simply as Sirusho , is an Armenian pop singer. She began her music career singing live in Canada, in the Armenian diaspora music scene, when she was seven years old and, at the age of nine, she received an Armenian Music Award for her song "Lusabats"...

, the Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...

n entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2008
Eurovision Song Contest 2008
The Eurovision Song Contest 2008 was the 53rd edition of the Contest. It was hosted in Belgrade, Serbia after Marija Šerifović won the 2007 Contest in Helsinki, Finland. This year was the first contest to have two semi-finals which were held on 20 and 22 May, and the final held on 24 May 2008...

; Mary Spiteri
Mary Spiteri
Mary Spiteri is a popular cabaret artiste from Malta. She was born on 25 October 1947 in Naxxar. Mary represented Malta in the 1992 Eurovision Song Contest held in Malmö with the song "Little Child". Spiteri finished in third place behind Ireland and the United Kingdom. 1992 was not Mary's first...

, who came third for Malta at the Eurovision Song Contest 1992
Eurovision Song Contest 1992
The Eurovision Song Contest 1992 was the 37th Eurovision Song Contest and was held on 9 May 1992 in Malmö, Sweden. The presenters were Lydia Cappolicchio and Harald Treutiger. Linda Martin, representing Ireland, was the winner of this Eurovision with the song Why Me?. The song was written by Johnny...

; and last year's
Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
Malta participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009. The Maltese broadcaster, Public Broadcasting Services held a national final, GO Malta EuroSong 2009, to select the Maltese entry for the Eurovision Song Contest, set to be held in Moscow, Russia...

, Malta EuroSong winner, Chiara.

The winner was Thea Garrett
Thea Garrett
Thea Garrett is a Maltese singer who represented Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo.-Early life:Born in Malta in 1992, Thea has been studying vocal technique and interpretation under the direction of soprano Gillian Żammit...

 with the song "My Dream
My Dream (song)
"My Dream" is a song written by Jason Cassar and Sunny Aquilina and performed by Thea Garrett, representing Malta, at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010...

", written by Jason Paul Cassar and Sunny Aquilina, who received maximum points from both the jury and televoting public, gaining nearly double the points of runner-up Glen Vella, with Tiziana Calleja finishing in third place.
style="font-size: bigger;" | Final - 20 February 2010
Draw Artist Song Composer - Lyricist Jury Televote Total Place
1 Dorothy Bezzina "Moments" Chan Vella, Alexia Schembri 21 6 27 10
2 Foxy Federation "Fired Up" Philip Vella
Philip Vella
Philip Vella is one of the most successful composers in Malta. He has won the main national festivals of Malta several times such as the Song for Europe festival, International Festival of Maltese song as well as Ghanja tal-poplu festival...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

0 9 9 18
3 Lawrence Gray "Stories" Ray Agius, Godwin Sant 21 12 33 7
4 Eleanor Spiteri "Velvet Ocean" Paul Abela, Joe Julian Farrugia 25 14 39 5
5 Claudia Faniello
Claudia Faniello
- Biography :Claudia was born and raised in Malta, along with her siblings Fabrizio and Miriana. At the age of 12, Claudia began to participate in a variety of television shows and participating also in many festivals and placing in top positions. In 2001, at the Phoenicia Hotel in Malta, she won...

"Samsara" Philip Vella
Philip Vella
Philip Vella is one of the most successful composers in Malta. He has won the main national festivals of Malta several times such as the Song for Europe festival, International Festival of Maltese song as well as Ghanja tal-poplu festival...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

3 28 31 8
6 Thea Garrett
Thea Garrett
Thea Garrett is a Maltese singer who represented Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo.-Early life:Born in Malta in 1992, Thea has been studying vocal technique and interpretation under the direction of soprano Gillian Żammit...

"My Dream" Jason Paul Cassar, Sunny Aquilina 54 48 102 1
7 Priscilla & Kurt "Waterfall" Mark Debono, Rita Pace 6 13 19 12
8 Nadine Axisa & Clifford Galea "Once in a Lifetime" Jason Paul Cassar, Mario Farrugia 7 12 19 12
9 Glen Vella "Just A Little More Love" Paul Giordimaina, Fleur Balzan 28 30 58 2
10 Audrey Marie Bartolo "Good Intentions" Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine
Miriam Christine Borg is a Maltese pop and rhythm and blues singer best known for representing Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996.-Early life:...

, Rita Pace
7 3 10 17
11 Klinsmann "Her Name Was Anne" Jonathan Spiteri & Klinsmann Coleiro, Aldo Spiteri 10 16 26 11
12 Claire Galea "Ole Satchmo Blues" Claire Galea, Erin Stewart Tanti & Claire Galea 3 6 9 18
13 Wayne Micallef "Save A Life" Wayne Micallef 27 9 36 6
14 Petra Zammit "All I Need" Andrew Zammit, Keith Zammit 7 7 14 15
15 Ryan Dale & Duminka "One For You" Ryan Dale, Jon Lukas 7 6 13 16
16 Eleonor Cassar
Eleonor Cassar
Eleanor Cassar is a Maltese singer that won the Golden Stag Festival 2004.Born on July 29, 1982, Eleanor Cassar has been singing since she was 11 years old. She was first noticed by her teacher in Secondary school that encouraged her at participate at musical and theatrical events...

"Choices" Paul Giordimaina, Fleur Balzan 5 11 16 14
17 Silver Clash "Broken" Robert Parde 0 5 5 20
18 Tiziana Calleja "Words are Not Enough" John David Zammit, Paul Callus 13 32 45 3
19 Ruth Portelli "Three Little Words" Philip Vella
Philip Vella
Philip Vella is one of the most successful composers in Malta. He has won the main national festivals of Malta several times such as the Song for Europe festival, International Festival of Maltese song as well as Ghanja tal-poplu festival...

, Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg
Gerard James Borg is one of Malta's most successful song writers and concept creators for the last decades. Borg has penned five of the Maltese entries for the annual Eurovision Song Contest with Philip Vella, besides several Eurovision national final entries....

19 12 31 8
20 Pamela Bezzina "Hold On" Paul Giordimaina, Fleur Balzan 27 13 40 4

Promotion

Thea Garrett will take part in a wide promotional tour on April, in order to promote her Eurovision entry "My Dream". Her tour will begin on 15 April, where she will visit Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...

, appearing on a national breakfast show and on a state radio station. Afterwards she will visit the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...

, performing at the "Eurovision in Concert" festival in Zaanstad
Zaanstad
Zaanstad is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Its main town is Zaandam. It is part of the metropolitan area of Amsterdam.-Population centres:...

 on 24 April. Afterwards she will fly to Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...

, where she will perform on the "Studio TVL" show on regional TV channel TV Limburg and at a Eurovision party in Antwerp.

Garrett also recorded a Maltese
Maltese language
Maltese is the national language of Malta, and a co-official language of the country alongside English,while also serving as an official language of the European Union, the only Semitic language so distinguished. Maltese is descended from Siculo-Arabic...

 version of "My Dream", entitled "Ħolma" (Dream).

Meanwhile, as of 24 April, Eurovision commentator Valerie Vella will host "Euromix" on PBS, which will preview the video-clips of the 39 Eurovision entries.

At Eurovision

Malta competed in the first semi-final of the contest, on 25 May, and failed to qualify to the final..

External links

  • Regulations of Eurosong 2010 PBS
    Public Broadcasting Services
    Public Broadcasting Services Limited is Malta's public broadcasting company, responsible for the TVM television channel and the Radio Malta and Radju Parlament and Magic radio stations. PBS is funded by government grant and the sale of commercial airtime...

  • Malta Eurosong 2010 - 36 Finalists PBS
    Public Broadcasting Services
    Public Broadcasting Services Limited is Malta's public broadcasting company, responsible for the TVM television channel and the Radio Malta and Radju Parlament and Magic radio stations. PBS is funded by government grant and the sale of commercial airtime...

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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