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Leonard Cohen



 
 
Leonard Norman Cohen, CC
Order of Canada

The Order of Canada is Canada's highest civilian order and is the centrepiece of the Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada. Membership in the order is accorded to those who exemplify the order's Latin motto, taken from Epistle to the Hebrews 11:16, desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning "They desire a better country."...
, GOQ
National Order of Quebec

The National Order of Quebec, known officially by its French language name Ordre national du Qu?bec and also called simply the Order of Quebec, is an order of merit bestowed by the Government of Quebec....
 (born September 21, 1934 in Westmount, Montreal) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, musician, poet and novelist. Cohen published his first book of poetry in Montreal
Montreal

Montreal, or Montr?al, is the largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada of Quebec and the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population....
 in 1956 and his first novel in 1963. His work often deals with the exploration of religion, isolation, sexuality and complex interpersonal relationships.

Cohen's earliest songs (many of which appeared on the 1967 album, Songs of Leonard Cohen
Songs of Leonard Cohen

Songs of Leonard Cohen is the debut album of Canada musician Leonard Cohen.It foreshadowed the future path of his career, with less success in the United States and far better in Europe, reaching #83 on the Billboard 200 chart but achieving gold status only in 1989, while it reached #13 in UK and spent nearly a year and a half in the UK...
) were rooted in European folk music.






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Quotations


Hey, That's No Way To Say Goodbye.

Songs of Leonard Cohen (1967)

Ah, you loved me as a loser, but now you're worried that I just might win..

First We Take Manhattan (1986)

and you kissed me shy as though I'd never been your lover.

"Song", The Spice-Box of Earth (1961)

complain complain that's all you've done ever since we lost, if it's not the crucifixion then it's the holocaust.

"the captain", "Various positions"

Even damnation is poisoned with rainbows.

"The Old Revolution", Songs from a Room (1969)





Encyclopedia


Leonard Norman Cohen, CC
Order of Canada

The Order of Canada is Canada's highest civilian order and is the centrepiece of the Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada. Membership in the order is accorded to those who exemplify the order's Latin motto, taken from Epistle to the Hebrews 11:16, desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning "They desire a better country."...
, GOQ
National Order of Quebec

The National Order of Quebec, known officially by its French language name Ordre national du Qu?bec and also called simply the Order of Quebec, is an order of merit bestowed by the Government of Quebec....
 (born September 21, 1934 in Westmount, Montreal) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, musician, poet and novelist. Cohen published his first book of poetry in Montreal
Montreal

Montreal, or Montr?al, is the largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada of Quebec and the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population....
 in 1956 and his first novel in 1963. His work often deals with the exploration of religion, isolation, sexuality and complex interpersonal relationships.

Cohen's earliest songs (many of which appeared on the 1967 album, Songs of Leonard Cohen
Songs of Leonard Cohen

Songs of Leonard Cohen is the debut album of Canada musician Leonard Cohen.It foreshadowed the future path of his career, with less success in the United States and far better in Europe, reaching #83 on the Billboard 200 chart but achieving gold status only in 1989, while it reached #13 in UK and spent nearly a year and a half in the UK...
) were rooted in European folk music. In the 1970s, his music encompassed pop, cabaret
Cabaret

Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre, distinguished mainly by the performance venue — a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performances and the audience sitting at tables watching the performance being introduced by a master of ceremonies, or MC....
 and world music. Since the 1980s his high baritone voice has evolved into lower registers (bass baritone and bass), with accompaniment from electronic synthesizers and female backing singers.

Over one thousand renditions of Cohen's songs have been recorded. He has been inducted into both the Canadian Music Hall of Fame
Canadian Music Hall of Fame

The Canadian Music Hall of Fame honors Canada musicians for their lifetime achievements in music. The ceremony is held each year as part of the Juno Award ceremonies....
 and the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame
Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame

The Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame is a Canada non-profit organization, founded in 1998 by Frank Davies, that inducts Canada into their Hall of Fame within 3 different categories: songwriters, songs, and those others who have made a significant contribution with respect to music....
 and is also a Companion of the Order of Canada, the nation's highest civilian honour. While giving the speech at his induction into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Cleveland, Ohio, United States, dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, and other people who have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the are...
 on March 10, 2008, Lou Reed
Lou Reed

Lewis Allan "Lou" Reed is an American rock music musician best known as the guitarist, Singing and principal songwriter of The Velvet Underground as well as a successful solo artist whose career has spanned several decades....
 described Cohen as in the "highest and most influential echelon of songwriters.".

Biography


Early life

Cohen was born in 1934 in Montreal, Quebec, into a middle-class Jewish family. His father was of Polish ancestry. His mother, of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry, immigrated from Lithuania. He grew up in Westmount on the Island of Montreal
Island of Montreal

The Island of Montreal , in extreme southwestern Quebec, Canada, is located at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence River and Ottawa River Rivers....
. His father, Nathan Cohen, owned a substantial Montreal clothing store, and died when Leonard was nine years old. Like many other Jewish families with names like Cohen, Katz, and Kagan, Cohen's family claimed descent from the Kohanim
Kohen

A kohen is a Jew who is a direct male descendant of the Bible Aaron, brother of Moses, with a separate status in Judaism. Another term for the descendants of Aaron are the Aaronites or Aaronids....
: "I had a very Messianic
Messiah

Messiah literally means "anointed ".In Jewish messiah tradition and Jewish eschatology, messiah refers to a future monarch of United Monarchy from the Davidic line, who will rule the people of Israelite#The Twelve Tribes, and herald the Messianic Age of global peace....
 childhood," he told Richard Goldstein in 1967. "I was told I was a descendant of Aaron
Aaron

In the Hebrew Bible, Aaron , or Aaron the Levite , was the brother of Moses. He was the great-grandson of Levi and represented the priestly functions of his tribe, becoming the first Kohen Gadol of the Hebrews....
, the high priest." He attended Herzliah High School, where he studied with poet Irving Layton
Irving Layton

Irving Layton, Order of Canada was a Canada poet.He was known for his "tell it like it is" style which won him a wide following but also made enemies....
. As a teenager he learned to play the guitar
Guitar

The guitar is a musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles. It typically has six Strings , but Tenor guitar, Seven-string guitar, Eight-string guitar, Ten-string guitar, Eleven-string guitar, Twelve-string guitar, Thirteen-string guitar and doubleneck guitar string guitars also exist....
, subsequently forming a country
Country music

Country music is a blend of popular American music forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. It has roots in Traditional music, Celtic music, gospel music, and old-time music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s....
-folk group called the Buckskin Boys. His father's will provided Leonard with a modest trust income, sufficient to allow him to pursue his literary ambitions.

Development as a poet

In 1951, Cohen enrolled at McGill University
McGill University

McGill University is a Public university#Canada located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It bears the name of James McGill, a prominent Montreal merchant from Scotland, whose bequest formed the beginning of the university....
, where he became president of the McGill Debating Union. Literary influences during this time included Yeats
William Butler Yeats

File:William Butler Yeat by George Charles Beresford.jpgWilliam Butler Yeats was an Irish people poet and dramatist and one of the foremost figures of 20th century in literature....
, Whitman
Walt Whitman

Walter Whitman was an United States Poetry of the United States, essayist, journalism, and humanism. He was a part of the transition between Transcendentalism and literary realism, incorporating both views in his works....
 and Henry Miller
Henry Miller

Henry Valentine Miller was an United States novelist and Painting. He was known for breaking with existing literary forms and developing a new sort of 'novel' that is a mixture of novel, autobiography, social criticism, philosophical reflection, surrealist free association, and mysticism, one that is distinctly always about and expressive of...
. His first published book of poetry
Poetry

Poetry is a form of literature art in which language is used for its aesthetics and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning ....
, Let Us Compare Mythologies
Let Us Compare Mythologies

Let Us Compare Mythologies is the first poetry book by Canadian poet and songwriter Leonard Cohen. Written in 1956, shortly after Cohen left McGill University where he studied English Literature, it was first published as part of the McGill Poetry Series operated by Louis Dudek....
 (1956), was published under Louis Dudek
Louis Dudek

Louis Dudek was a Canada poet and literary critic and publisher of Polish origin. He is known for his writing, his role in defining Modernism in poetry, and his literary criticism....
 as the first book in the McGill Poetry Series while Cohen was still an undergraduate student. The Spice-Box of Earth
The Spice-Box of Earth

The Spice-Box of Earth is Canada poet and songwriter Leonard Cohen's second collection of poetry. It was first published in 1961 in literature by McClelland and Stewart....
 (1961) made him well known in poetry circles, especially in his native Canada.

After completing an undergraduate degree, Cohen spent a term in McGill's law school and a year (1956-7) at Columbia University
Columbia University

Columbia University in the City of New York , is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia's main campus lies in the Morningside Heights, Manhattan neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, in New York City....
.

Cohen applied a strong work ethic to his early and keen literary ambitions. He wrote poetry and fiction through much of the 1960s, and preferred to live in quasi-reclusive circumstances. After moving to Hydra
Hydra, Saronic Islands

Hydra is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece, located in the Aegean Sea between the Saronic Gulf and the Argolic Gulf. It is separated from the Peloponnese by the narrow Hydra Gulf....
, a Greek island, Cohen published the poetry collection Flowers for Hitler
Flowers for Hitler

Flowers for Hitler is Canada poet Leonard Cohen's third collection of poetry, first published in 1964 in literature by McClelland and Stewart....
 (1964), and the novels The Favourite Game
The Favourite Game

The Favourite Game is the first novel by Leonard Cohen. It was published by Secker and Warburg in the fall of 1963. It is part of the New Canadian Library book series, with an afterword by Paul Quarrington....
 (1963) and Beautiful Losers
Beautiful Losers

Beautiful Losers is a novel by Leonard Cohen. Published in 1966 in literature by McClelland and Stewart, it was the Canada novelist-poetry's second novel, and precedes his career as a singer-songwriter....
 (1966). The Favourite Game is an autobiographical bildungsroman
Bildungsroman

A bildungsroman is a novelistic genre that arose during the German Enlightenment, in which the author presents the psychological, moral and social shaping of the personality of a protagonist....
 about a young man who discovers his identity through writing.

Music


1960s and 1970s
Leonardcohen1969
In 1967, Cohen moved to the United States to pursue a career as a folk music singer-songwriter. During the 60s, he was a fringe figure in Andy Warhol
Andy Warhol

Andrew Warhola , more commonly known as Andy Warhol, was an United Statesn Painting, Printmaking, and filmmaker who was a leading figure in the Art movement known as pop art....
's Factory crowd. Warhol speculated that Cohen had spent time listening to Nico
Nico

Christa P?ffgen was a German musician, Model , actress, and Warhol Superstar who is best known by her stage name Nico. She is renowned for both her tenure in The Velvet Underground and for her work as a solo artist....
 in clubs and that this had influenced his musical style. His song "Suzanne
Suzanne (Leonard Cohen song)

"Suzanne" is a song written by Canada poet and musician Leonard Cohen. Its lyrics first appeared as the poem "Suzanne Takes You Down" in Cohen's 1966 book of poetry Parasites of Heaven, admittedly because of lack of new material ....
" became a hit for Judy Collins
Judy Collins

Judith Marjorie Collins is an United States folk singer and pop standards singer and songwriter, known for the stunning purity of her soprano; for her eclectic tastes in the material she records ; and for her social activism....
 and remains his most covered work to date. After performing at a few folk festivals, he came to the attention of Columbia Records
Columbia Records

Columbia Records is an American record label founded in 1888.Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in pre-recorded sound, being the first record company to produce pre-recorded records as opposed to blank cylinders....
 representative John H. Hammond
John H. Hammond

John Henry Hammond II was a record producer, musician and music critic from the 1930s to the early 1980s. In his service as a A&R, Hammond became one of the most influential figures in 20th Century popular music....
.

Cohen's first album, Songs of Leonard Cohen
Songs of Leonard Cohen

Songs of Leonard Cohen is the debut album of Canada musician Leonard Cohen.It foreshadowed the future path of his career, with less success in the United States and far better in Europe, reaching #83 on the Billboard 200 chart but achieving gold status only in 1989, while it reached #13 in UK and spent nearly a year and a half in the UK...
 (1967), was too dark to be a commercial success but was widely acclaimed by folk music buffs. He became a cult name in the UK, where the album spent over a year on the album charts. He followed it with Songs from a Room
Songs from a Room

'Songs from a Room' is the Canada poet Leonard Cohen's second album. It reached #63 on the Billboard 200 list and #2 at UK charts.Cohen reportedly said he chose Record producer Bob Johnston to achieve the spartan sound he considered appropriate for his songs, after the disputes he had with John Simon during the mixing sessions of Songs...
 (1969) (featuring the often recorded "Bird on the Wire
Bird on the Wire

"Bird on the Wire" is one of Leonard Cohen's signature songs. It was recorded 26 September 1968 in Nashville, Tennessee and included on his 1969 album Songs from a Room....
"), Songs of Love and Hate
Songs of Love and Hate

Songs of Love and Hate is Canada singer/songwriter Leonard Cohen's third album. It was mainly recorded in Columbia Studio A, Nashville, from September 22 to 26, 1970....
 (1971), Live Songs
Live Songs

Live Songs was the Canada singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen's fourth album, released during the three-year silence between Songs of Love and Hate and New Skin for the Old Ceremony....
 (1973) and New Skin for the Old Ceremony
New Skin for the Old Ceremony

New Skin for the Old Ceremony was the Canada poet, novelist, and singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen's fourth studio album. On this album, he begins to evolve away from the rawer sound of his earlier albums, with violas, mandolins, banjos, guitars, percussion and other instruments giving the album a more orchestrated sound....
 (1974).

In 1971, Cohen's music was used in the soundtrack to Robert Altman's
Robert Altman

Robert Bernard Altman was an United Statesn film director known for making Cinema of the United States that are highly Naturalism , but with a stylized perspective....
 film McCabe & Mrs. Miller
McCabe & Mrs. Miller

McCabe & Mrs. Miller is a 1971 in film Western motion picture by director Robert Altman.One of Altman's typically Naturalism films, the director called McCabe an "anti-western film" because the film ignores or subverts a number of Western conventions....
. Though pulled from the existing Cohen catalog, the songs melded so seamlessly with the story that some believed they were written for the film.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Cohen toured the United States, Canada and Europe. Beginning around 1974, his collaboration with pianist and arranger John Lissauer created a live sound praised by the critics. During this time, Cohen toured twice with Jennifer Warnes
Jennifer Warnes

Jennifer Jean Warnes is an United States singer and songwriter. She is best known for her rich alto voice, her interpretations of work by James Taylor, Leonard Cohen, and Buffy Sainte Marie, and for her association with the soundtracks of a number of popular films during the 1970s, '80s and '90s....
 as a back-up singer (in 1972 and 1979). Warnes would become a fixture on Cohen's future albums and she recorded an album of Cohen songs in 1987, Famous Blue Raincoat
Famous Blue Raincoat (album)

Famous Blue Raincoat is the 6th album by Jennifer Warnes, and her first with the Private Music label. It peaked at No. 72 on the Billboard 200....
. Laura Branigan
Laura Branigan

Laura Branigan was an American singer-songwriter and actor of Irish American ancestry. She is best known for her Top-10 hit "Self Control" , her biggest hit from the Platinum album of the same name....
 also sang back-up vocals with his 1976 tour band, but she never recorded with him.

In 1977, Cohen released Death of a Ladies' Man
Death of a Ladies' Man

Death of a Ladies' Man is the fifth of Leonard Cohen's albums. Produced by the storied Phil Spector, it was a surprise to some fans when the typically minimalist Cohen was surrounded completely by Spector's Wall of Sound....
 (note the plural possessive case; one year later in 1978, Cohen released a volume of poetry with the coyly revised title, Death of a Lady's Man). The album was produced by Phil Spector
Phil Spector

Harvey Philip Spector is an United Statesn record producer and songwriter.The originator of the "Wall of Sound" production technique, Spector was a pioneer of the 1960s' girl group sound and clocked in over twenty-five Top 40 hits between 1960 and 1965....
, well known as the inventor of the "wall of sound
Wall of Sound

The Wall of Sound is a music production technique for pop and rock music recordings developed by record producer Phil Spector at Gold Star Studios during the 1960s....
" technique, in which pop music is backed with thick layers of instrumentation, an approach very different from Cohen's usually minimalist instrumentation. The recording of the album was fraught with difficulty; Spector reportedly mixed the album in secret studio sessions and Cohen said Spector once threatened him with a crossbow. Cohen thinks the end result is "grotesque," but also "semi-virtuous".

In 1979, Cohen returned with the more traditional Recent Songs
Recent Songs

Recent Songs was the sixth studio album by Leonard Cohen, released in 1979. Produced by Henry Lewy and the artist himself, the album was a return to Cohen's acoustic folk music after the Phil Spector experimentation of Death of a Ladies' Man, but now with many jazz and The Orient influences....
. Produced by Cohen himself and Henry Lewy (Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell

Joni Mitchell, Order of Canada is a Canada musician, songwriter, and Painting.Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in her native Western Canada and then busking on the streets of Toronto....
's sound engineer) the album included performances by a jazz-fusion band introduced to Cohen by Mitchell and oriental instruments (oud
Oud

The oud is a pear-shaped, stringed instrument, which is often seen as the predecessor of the western lute, distinguished primarily by being without frets, commonly used in Middle Eastern music....
, Gypsy violin
Violin

The violin is a Bow string instrument with four strings usually tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola and cello....
 and mandolin
Mandolin

A mandolin is a musical instrument in the lute family . It is descended from the Mandora, a soprano member of the lute family. It has a body with a teardrop-shaped soundboard, or one which is essentially oval in shape, with a soundhole, or soundholes, of varying shapes which are open and are not decorated with an intricately carved grille lik...
). In 2001 Cohen released the live version of songs from his 1979 tour, Field Commander Cohen: Tour of 1979
Field Commander Cohen: Tour of 1979

Field Commander Cohen: Tour of 1979 is a live album by Leonard Cohen released in 2001. Songs were recorded live at the Hammersmith Apollo, London, on December 4, December 5, and December 6, 1979 and at the Brighton Dome, Brighton, on December 15, 1979....
.

1980s

In 1984, Cohen released Various Positions
Various Positions

Various Positions, the seventh studio album by Leonard Cohen, was released in December 1984 . It marked not only Cohen's turn to the modern sound and use of synthesizers , but also - after her work on harmonies and background vocals on the previous Recent Songs - even further Jennifer Warnes's contribution to Cohen's records, with he...
, including the often recorded "Hallelujah". Columbia declined to release the album in the United States, where Cohen's popularity had declined in previous years. Throughout his career, Cohen's music has sold better in Europe and Canada than in the U.S.; he once satirically expressed how touched he is at the modesty the American company showed in promoting his records.

In 1986 he appeared in the episode French Twist of the TV series Miami Vice
Miami Vice

Miami Vice is an United States of America television series produced by Michael Mann for NBC. The show became noted for its heavy integration and use of music and visual effects to tell a story....
. In 1987, Jennifer Warnes
Jennifer Warnes

Jennifer Jean Warnes is an United States singer and songwriter. She is best known for her rich alto voice, her interpretations of work by James Taylor, Leonard Cohen, and Buffy Sainte Marie, and for her association with the soundtracks of a number of popular films during the 1970s, '80s and '90s....
' tribute album Famous Blue Raincoat helped restore Cohen's career in the U.S., and the following year he released I'm Your Man, which marked a drastic change in his music. Synthesizer
Synthesizer

A synthesizer is an electronic instrument capable of producing a variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequency....
s ruled the album and Cohen's lyrics included more social commentary and dark humour. It was Cohen's most acclaimed and popular since Songs of Leonard Cohen, and "First We Take Manhattan"
First We Take Manhattan

"First We Take Manhattan" is a song written by Leonard Cohen. It was originally recorded by Jennifer Warnes on her 1987 album Famous Blue Raincoat , which consisted entirely of songs written or co-written by Cohen....
 and the title song became two of his most popular songs.

1990s
The use of the album track "Everybody Knows" (co-written by Sharon Robinson) in the 1990 film Pump Up the Volume
Pump Up the Volume (film)

Pump Up the Volume is a comedy-drama written and directed by Allan Moyle and starring Christian Slater and Samantha Mathis. The original music score was composed by Cliff Martinez....
 helped to expose Cohen's music to a younger audience. In 1992, Cohen released The Future
The Future

The Future is one of the most popular Leonard Cohen albums, and has come to be recognized as his essential "film-score" album. Nearly every one of the songs on the album has appeared in some notable form in a Hollywood film....
, which urges (often in terms of biblical prophecy) perseverance, reformation, and hope in the face of grim prospects. Three tracks from the album - "Waiting for the Miracle
The Future

The Future is one of the most popular Leonard Cohen albums, and has come to be recognized as his essential "film-score" album. Nearly every one of the songs on the album has appeared in some notable form in a Hollywood film....
", "The Future" and "Anthem" - were featured in the movie Natural Born Killers
Natural Born Killers

Natural Born Killers is a 1994 in film satire crime film directed by Oliver Stone about two mass murderers and the Mass media coverage given to them....
.

In the title track, Cohen prophesies impending political and social collapse, reportedly as his response to the L.A. unrest of 1992
1992 Los Angeles riots

The Los Angeles Riots of 1992, also known as the Rodney King uprising or the Rodney King riots, were sparked on April 29, 1992 when a jury acquittal four police officers accused in the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King following a high-speed pursuit....
: "I've seen the future, brother: It is murder." In "Democracy," Cohen, criticizes America but says he loves it: "I love the country but I can't stand the scene." Further, he criticizes the American public's lack of interest in politics and addiction to television: "I'm neither left or right/I'm just staying home tonight/getting lost in that hopeless little screen."

Nanni Moretti
Nanni Moretti

Giovanni Moretti is an Italy film director, film producer and actor....
's film Caro diario
Caro diario

Caro diario is an Italian language, semi-autobiographical film in the style of a documentary which was directed by Nanni Moretti in 1993. Moretti also played the central character....
 (1993) features "I'm Your Man", as Moretti himself rides his Vespa
Vespa

Vespa is an Italy line of scooter manufactured by Piaggio.The Vespa has evolved from a single model motor scooter manufactured in 1946 by Piaggio & Co....
 along the streets of Rome.

In 1994, following a tour to promote The Future, Cohen retreated to the Mount Baldy
Mount San Antonio

Mount San Antonio, known locally as Old Baldy or Mount Baldy, is the highest peak in the San Gabriel Mountains, and the highest point in Los Angeles County, California....
 Zen
Zen

Zen is a school of Mahayana Buddhism, referred to in Chinese as Ch?n. Ch?n is itself derived from the Sanskrit Dhyana, which means "meditation" ....
 Centre near Los Angeles, beginning what would become five years of seclusion at the center. In 1996, Cohen was ordained as a Rinzai
Rinzai school

The Rinzai school is one of the three Japanese :Category:Zen sects. Rinzai is the Japanese line of the China Linji school, which was founded during the Tang Dynasty by Linji ....
 Zen Buddhist
Buddhism

Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices considered by most to be a religionand is based on the teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as "The Buddha" , who was born in what is today Nepal....
 monk and took the Dharma
Dharma

The term , is an Indian Indian philosophy and Indian religions term, that means one's righteous duty or any virtuous path in the common sense of the term....
 name Jikan, meaning 'silence'. He served as personal assistant to Kyozan Joshu Sasaki Roshi
Kyozan Joshu Sasaki

Kyozan Joshu Sasaki, Roshi is a Japan Rinzai Zen teacher who has lived in the United States since 1962. Joshu Sasaki is the founder and head abbot of the Mount Baldy Zen Center, near Mount San Antonio in California, and of the Rinzai-Ji order of affiliated Zen centers....
. He left Mount Baldy in 1999.

2000s
In 2001, following the five years' seclusion as a Zen Buddhist monk at the Mt. Baldy Zen Center, Cohen returned to music with Ten New Songs
Ten New Songs

Ten New Songs is Leonard Cohen's tenth studio album, released in 2001. It was co-written and produced by Sharon Robinson . She played all the instruments except Bob Metzger's guitar on 'In My Secret Life'....
, featuring a heavy influence from producer and co-composer Sharon Robinson. With this album, Cohen shed the relatively extroverted, engaged, and even optimistic outlook of The Future (the sole political track, “The Land of Plenty,” abandoning stern commandment for yearning but helpless prayer) to lament and seek acceptance of varieties of personal loss: the approach of death and the departure of love, romantic and even divine. Ten New Songs cohesive musical style (perhaps absent from Cohen's albums since Recent Songs) owes much to Robinson’s involvement. The album includes the song "Alexandra Leaving," which is a striking transformation of the poem "The God Abandons Antony
The God Abandons Antony

"The God Abandons Antony" is a Poetry by Constantine P. Cavafy, published in 1911. The poem refers to Plutarch's story of how Mark Antony, besieged in Alexandria by Augustus, heard the sounds of instruments and voices making its way through the city, and then passed out; the god Bacchus , Antony's protector, was deserting him....
," by the Greek poet Constantine P. Cavafy
Constantine P. Cavafy

Constantine P. Cavafy, also known as Konstantin or Konstantinos Petrou Kavafis, or Kavaphes was one of the most renowned modern Modern Greek poets....
. Although not Cohen’s bitterest album, it may rank as his most melancholic.

In October 2004, he released
Dear Heather
Dear Heather

Dear Heather is Leonard Cohen's eleventh studio album, released in 2004.It shows a further departure from that of Ten New Songs, with more female lead singing and a marked increase in read poetry over sung lyrics, two of these being poems by other writers....
, largely a musical collaboration with jazz chanteuse (and current romantic partner) Anjani Thomas, although Sharon Robinson returns to collaborate on three tracks (including a duet). As light as the previous album was dark, Dear Heather reflects Cohen's own change of mood - he has said in a number of interviews that his depression
Depression (mood)

In the fields of psychology and psychiatry, the terms depression or depressed refer to sadness and other related emotions and behaviours. It can be thought of as either a disease or a syndrome....
 has lifted in recent years, which he attributes to the aid of Zen Buddhism.
Dear Heather is perhaps his least cohesive, and most experimental and playful album to date, and the stylings of some of the songs (especially the title track) frustrated many fans. In an interview following his induction into the Canadian Songwriters' Hall of Fame, Cohen explained that the album was intended to be a kind of notebook or scrapbook of themes, and that a more formal record had been planned for release shortly afterwards, but that this was put on ice by his legal battles with his ex-manager.

On October 8, 2005 Cohen alleged that his longtime former manager, Kelley Lynch, misappropriated over US $5 million from Cohen's retirement fund along with the publishing rights to his songs, leaving Cohen with only $150,000. Cohen was sued in turn by other former business associates. These events placed him in the public spotlight, including a cover feature on him with the headline "Devastated!" in Canada's
Maclean's
Maclean's

Maclean's is a Canada weekly news magazine, reporting on Canadian issues such as politics, pop culture, and current events....
magazine. In March 2006, Cohen won the civil suit and was awarded US $9 million by a Los Angeles County superior court. Lynch, however, ignored the suit and did not respond to a subpoena
Subpoena

A subpoena is commonly defined as a written command to a person to testify before a court or be punished.More accurately, a subpoena is the conditional threat of punishment made by a governmental authority....
 issued for her financial records. As a result it has been widely reported that Cohen may never be able to collect the cash. Cohen has been under new management since April 2005.

Blue Alert
Blue Alert (album)

Blue Alert is a jazz album recorded by Anjani, girlfriend and longtime backing singer of iconic Canadian singer-songwriter and poet Leonard Cohen, who also produced the album and wrote the lyrics....
, an album of songs co-written by Anjani and Cohen, was released on May 23, 2006 to positive reviews. The album is sung by Anjani, who according to one reviewer "sounds like Cohen reincarnated as woman. . . . though Cohen doesn't sing a note on the album, his voice permeates it like smoke." The album includes a recent musical setting of Cohen's "As the mist leaves no scar," a poem originally published in The Spice-Box of Earth
The Spice-Box of Earth

The Spice-Box of Earth is Canada poet and songwriter Leonard Cohen's second collection of poetry. It was first published in 1961 in literature by McClelland and Stewart....
in 1961 and adapted by Spector into "True Love Leaves No Traces" on Death of a Ladies' Man.

Cohen's book of poetry and drawings,
Book of Longing, was published in May 2006; in March a Toronto
Toronto

Toronto is the List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population in Canada and the Provinces and territories of Canada Provincial and territorial capitals of Canada of Ontario....
-based retailer offered signed copies to the first 1500 orders placed online, which saw the entire amount sold within hours. The book quickly topped bestseller lists in Canada. On May 13, 2006, Cohen made his first public appearance for thirteen years, at an in store event at a bookstore in Toronto. Approximately 3000 people turned up for the event, causing the streets surrounding the bookstore to be closed. He sang two of his earliest and best-known songs: "So Long, Marianne" and "Hey, That's No Way To Say Goodbye", accompanied by the Barenaked Ladies
Barenaked Ladies

Barenaked Ladies is a Juno Award-winning and Grammy Award-nominated Canada alternative rock band. The band is composed of Jim Creeggan, Kevin Hearn, Ed Robertson, Tyler Stewart, and formerly Andy Creeggan and Steven Page....
 and Ron Sexsmith
Ron Sexsmith

Ronald Eldon Sexsmith is a Canada singer-songwriter from St. Catharines, Ontario, currently based in Toronto. He started his own band when he was fourteen years old, and released the first recordings of his own material seven years later, in 1985....
. Also appearing with him was Anjani, the two promoting her new CD, along with his book.

January 13, 2008, Cohen quietly announced to fans a long-anticipated concert tour . The tour, Cohen's first in 15 years, began May 11 in Fredericton, NB to wide critical acclaim. The schedule encompassed Canada and Europe, including performances at The Big Chill (music festival)
The Big Chill (music festival)

The Big Chill is an England festival of alternative and chill-out music, started in 1994....
, the Montreal Jazz Festival, and on the Pyramid Stage at the 2008 Glastonbury Festival
Glastonbury Festival

The Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts, commonly abbreviated to Glastonbury or Glasto, is one of the largest music and performing arts festivals in the world....
 on 29 June 2008. His performance at Glastonbury was hailed by many as the highlight of the festival, and his performance of 'Hallelujah' as the sun went down received a rapturous reception and a lengthy ovation from a packed Pyramid Stage field.

In January 2009, the tour arrived in New Zealand. Simon Sweetman in The Dominion Post (Wellington) of 21 January wrote "It is hard work having to put this concert in to words so I'll just say something I have never said in a review before and will never say again: this was the best show I have ever seen." The first concert of the Australian tour took place at Rochford Winery in Victoria's Yarra Valley
Yarra Valley

The Yarra Valley is the name given to the region surrounding the Yarra River in Melbourne, Australia. The river originates in the Yarra Ranges approximately 60 kilometres east of Melbourne and flows towards and into the city of Melbourne and out into Port Phillip....
 on January 24 in perfect weather in front of an audience of about 7,000.

The Sydney Entertainment Centre
Sydney Entertainment Centre

The Sydney Entertainment Centre is an entertainment venue located in Haymarket, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Opened in May 1983, the centre is currently owned by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, which administers the neighbouring Darling Harbour area, and managed under a lease....
 show on January 28 sold out rapidly, which motivated promoters to later announce a second show at the venue. The first performance was well-received, and the audience of 12,000 responded with five standing ovations. Cohen gave generous credit to his touring band, his long-time collaborator and vocalist Sharon Robinson, who was backed up by the Webb Sisters.

On March 7, 2008, Jeff Buckley
Jeff Buckley

Jeffrey Scott Buckley , raised as Scotty Moorhead, was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was the son of Tim Buckley, also a musician....
’s version of Cohen's “Hallelujah”, went to number 1 on the iTunes
ITunes

iTunes is a Proprietary software digital media media player application, used for playing and organizing digital music and video files. The program is also an interface to manage the contents on Apple's popular iPod digital media players as well as the iPhone....
 chart after being performed by Jason Castro on the seventh season of the television series
American Idol
American Idol (season 7)

The seventh season of American Idol, the annual reality show and singing competition, began on January 15, 2008 and concluded on May 21, 2008....
. Another major boost for Cohen's song exposure came when singer-songwriter Kate Voegele
Kate Voegele

Kate Elizabeth Voegele is a singer-songwriter, musician, and actress from the Cleveland suburb of Bay Village, Ohio. She is currently signed to Interscope Records....
 released her version of "Hallelujah" from her 2007
Don't Look Away album and appeared as a regular character, named Mia, on season five of the teenage television show One Tree Hill
One Tree Hill (TV series)

One Tree Hill is a Teen drama which takes place in a small fictional North Carolina town. It was created by Mark Schwahn and premiered on September 23, 2003 on The WB Television Network....
.

A few days later, Cohen was inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Cleveland, Ohio, United States, dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, and other people who have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the are...
 in recognition of his status among the "highest and most influential echelon of songwriters".

In December 2008 Cohen's "Hallelujah" was placed no. 1 and 2 in the U.K. Christmas singles chart, with 'X Factor' winner Alexandra Burke at No. 1 and Jeff Buckley at No. 2. A third release, by Cohen himself, was placed at No. 36.

On February 19, 2009, Cohen played his first American concert in fifteen years at the Beacon Theatre in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
. He will also be performing in the upcoming Coachella Music Festival Friday, April 17 in 2009.

In February 2009, in response to hearing about the devastation to the Yarra Valley region of Victoria, he donated $200,000 to the Victorian Bushfire Appeal in support of those affected by the extensive 2009 Victorian bushfires that razed the area just weeks after his performance at the Rochford Winery in the
A Day on the Green concert. Melbourne's Herald Sun newspaper reported: "Tour promoter Frontier Touring said $200,000 would be donated on behalf of Cohen, [fellow performer Paul] Kelly and Frontier to aid victims of the Victorian bushfires."

Family life

In the 1960s, during his stay at Hydra, Cohen befriended the Scandinavian novelists Axel Jensen
Axel Jensen

Axel Buchardt Jensen was a Norway author. From 1957 until 2002 he published both fiction and non-fiction texts which include novels, poems, essays, a biography, manuscripts for cartoons and animated films....
 and Göran Tunström
Göran Tunström

G?ran Tunstr?m was a Sweden author from Sunne in V?rmland. Tunstr?m's style is personal and intimate, and has a clear autobiographical tone. Although active as an established author for nearly four decades, it was particularly after his The Christmas Oratorio was adapted as a movie in 1996 that he became widely known to the public....
. He lived there with Axel's wife Marianne Jensen (now: Ihlen Stang) and their son Axel after they broke up. The song "So Long, Marianne
So Long, Marianne

So Long, Marianne is a compilation album by Leonard Cohen, issued in 1989. It features songs from his first four albums.Track listing...
" is about her. An alternative theory, however, which may be but a local Montréal urban myth, is that Marianne refers to rue Marie-Anne in the inner core of Montréal, a street on which Cohen lived many years and in whose little park at the corner of Boulevard St. Laurent he was known to sit on occasion. For a long time it was believed that the character Lorenzo in Jensen's novel
Joacim (1961) was based on Cohen, but Axel told him it was influenced by Tunström.

According to biographer and filmmaker Harry Rasky
Harry Rasky

Harry Rasky, Order of Canada, Order of Ontario was a Canada documentary film producer.He was born in Toronto into a Jewish family, where he completed studies at University College, University of Toronto....
, Cohen has been married once, to Los Angeles
Los Ángeles

Los ?ngeles is the Capital of the Biob?o Province, in the municipality of the same name, in Regions of Chile VIII , in the center-south of Chile....
 artist Suzanne Elrod. Although the two did have an important relationship in the 1970s, Cohen himself has said that 'cowardice' and 'fear' have prevented him from ever actually marrying . He had two children with Elrod: a son, Adam
Adam Cohen (musician)

Adam Cohen is a Canadian musician, the singer-songwriter of Low Millions, as well as a solo artist who has released albums in both English and French....
, was born in 1972 and a daughter, Lorca, named after poet Federico García Lorca
Federico García Lorca

Federico Garc?a Lorca was a Spain poet, dramatist and theatre director. An emblematic member of the Generation of '27, he was abducted and murdered by persons likely affiliated with the Nationalist cause at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War....
, was born in 1974. Adam Cohen began his own career as a singer-songwriter in the mid-1990s and currently fronts a band called Low Millions
Low Millions

The Low Millions are a pop-rock band from California. They launched their debut album, Ex-Girlfriends in 2004, under the recording label Manhattan Records....
. Elrod took the cover photograph on Cohen's
Live Songs album and is pictured on the cover of the Death of a Ladies' Man
Death of a Ladies' Man

Death of a Ladies' Man is the fifth of Leonard Cohen's albums. Produced by the storied Phil Spector, it was a surprise to some fans when the typically minimalist Cohen was surrounded completely by Spector's Wall of Sound....
album.

Cohen and Elrod had split by 1979. Contrary to popular belief, "Suzanne
Suzanne (Leonard Cohen song)

"Suzanne" is a song written by Canada poet and musician Leonard Cohen. Its lyrics first appeared as the poem "Suzanne Takes You Down" in Cohen's 1966 book of poetry Parasites of Heaven, admittedly because of lack of new material ....
", one of his best-known songs, refers to Suzanne Verdal, the former wife of his friend, the Québécois sculptor Armand Vaillancourt
Armand Vaillancourt

Armand Vaillancourt is a Qu?b?cois sculptor, Painting and performance artist born on September 3 1929 in the city of Black Lake, Quebec, Canada....
, rather than Elrod. In 1990, Cohen was romantically linked to actress Rebecca De Mornay
Rebecca De Mornay

Rebecca De Mornay is an United States film and television Actors/Female. Her breakout film role came in 1983, when she played Lana in Risky Business....
. He is now romantically involved with (and working with) Anjani Thomas.

Themes

Recurring themes in Cohen's work include love and sex, religion, psychological depression, and music itself. He has also engaged with certain political themes, though sometimes ambiguously so. "Suzanne" mixes a wistful type of love song with a religious meditation, themes that are also mixed in "Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc (Leonard Cohen song)

"Joan of Arc" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen. It was released as a single in March 1971 from his third album, Songs of Love and Hate....
." "Famous Blue Raincoat" is from the point of view of a man whose marriage has been broken (in exactly what degree is ambiguous in the song) by his wife's infidelity with his close friend, and is written in the form of a letter to that friend, to whom he writes, "I guess that I miss you/ I guess I forgive you … Know your enemy is sleeping/ And his woman is free", while "Everybody Knows" deals in part with social inequality ("...the poor stay poor/ And the rich get rich"), and the harsh reality of AIDS
AIDS

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease of the human immune system caused by the HIV ....
: "… the naked man and woman/ Are just a shining artifact of the past."

"Sisters of Mercy", according to the sleeve notes of his
Greatest Hits evokes his encounter with two women named Barbara and Lorraine in a hotel room in Edmonton
Edmonton

Edmonton is the capital of the Canada Provinces and territories of Canada of Alberta. The city is located on the North Saskatchewan River in the central region of the province, an area with some of the most fertile farmland on the prairies....
, Canada. Some have claimed that "Chelsea Hotel #2" treats his affair with Janis Joplin
Janis Joplin

Janis Lyn Joplin was an United States singer, songwriter, and music arranger, from Port Arthur, Texas. She rose to prominence in the late 1960s as the lead singer of Big Brother and the Holding Company, and later as a solo artist....
 rather unsentimentally and others that it reveals a much more complicated and mixed set of feelings than straightforward love. Cohen discusses the song in an interview filmed for the tribute-concert movie . He confirms that the subject is indeed Janis with some evident embarrassment. "She wouldn't mind," he declares, "but my mother would be appalled." The title of "Don't Go Home with Your Hard-On" speaks for itself.

Cohen comes from a Jew
Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
ish background, most obviously reflected in his song "Story of Isaac
Binding of Isaac

The Binding of Isaac, in Genesis , is a story from the Hebrew Bible in which God asks Abraham to sacrifice his son Isaac on Moriah. In Islam, Muslims believe that God's command to Abraham was to sacrifice his older son Ishmael rather than Isaac, which is supported through narrations of Muhammad, although the son to be sacrificed is not dist...
", and also in "Who by Fire," whose words and melody echo the Unetaneh Tokef, an 11th century liturgical poem recited on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur

Yom Kippur , also known in English as the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and important of the Jewish holidays. Its central themes are Atonement in Judaism and Repentance in Judaism....
. Broader Judeo-Christian
Judeo-Christian

Judeo?Christian is a term used to describe the body of concepts and values which are thought to be held in common by Judaism and Christianity, and considered, often along with classical antiquity Greco-Roman civilization, a fundamental basis for Western world legal codes and moral values....
 themes are sounded throughout the album
Various Positions: "Hallelujah", which has music as a secondary theme, begins by evoking the biblical king David
David

David , was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. He is depicted as a righteous king, although not without fault, as well as an acclaimed warrior, musician and poet ....
 composing a song that "pleased the Lord," and continues with references to Bathsheba
Bathsheba

According to the Hebrew Bible, Bathsheba was the wife of Uriah the Hittite and later of David , king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah....
 and Samson
Samson

Samson, Shimshon or Shamshoun ????? is the third to last of the Biblical judges of the ancient Children of Israel mentioned in the Tanakh , and the Talmud....
.
If it be Your Will also has a strong air of religious resignation.

In his early career as a novelist,
Beautiful Losers grappled with the mysticism of the Catholic
Catholic

Catholic is an adjective derived from the Greek language adjective , meaning "whole" or "complete". In the context of Christianity ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages....
/Iroquois
Iroquois

The Iroquois Confederacy is a group of First Nations/Native Americans in the United States that originally consisted of five nations: the Mohawk nation, the Oneida tribe, the Onondaga , the Cayuga nation, and the Seneca nation....
 Catherine Tekakwitha. Cohen has also been involved with Buddhism
Buddhism

Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices considered by most to be a religionand is based on the teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as "The Buddha" , who was born in what is today Nepal....
 at least since the 1970s and in 1996 he was ordained a Buddhist monk. However, he still considers himself also a Jew: "I'm not looking for a new religion. I'm quite happy with the old one, with Judaism."

He is described as an observant Jew in an article in the New York Times : "
Mr. Cohen is an observant Jew who keeps the Sabbath even while on tour and performed for Israeli troops during the 1973 Arab-Israeli war. So how does he square that faith with his continued practice of Zen?"

"
Allen Ginsberg
Allen Ginsberg

Irwin Allen Ginsberg was an United States poet. Ginsberg is best known for the poem "Howl" , celebrating his friends who were members of the Beat Generation and attacking what he saw as the destructive forces of materialism and conformity in the United States....
 asked me the same question many years ago," he said. "Well, for one thing, in the tradition of Zen that I've practiced, there is no prayerful worship and there is no affirmation of a deity. So theologically there is no challenge to any Jewish belief."

Having suffered from depression during much of his life (although less so with the onset of old age), Cohen has written much (especially in his early work) about depression and suicide
Suicide

Suicide is the intentional taking of one's own life. Many dictionaries also note the metaphorical sense of "willful destruction of one's self-interest"....
. The wife of the protagonist of
Beautiful Losers commits a gory suicide; "Seems So Long Ago, Nancy" is about a suicide; suicide is mentioned in the darkly comic "One of Us Cannot Be Wrong"; "Dress Rehearsal Rag" is about a last-minute decision not to kill oneself; a general atmosphere of depression pervades such songs as "Please Don't Pass Me By" and "Tonight Will Be Fine." As in the aforementioned "Hallelujah", music itself is the subject of many songs, including "Tower of Song", "A Singer Must Die", and "Jazz Police".

Social justice often shows up as a theme in his work, where he seems, especially in later albums, to expound a leftist politics, albeit with culturally conservative elements. In "Democracy," lamenting, "the wars against disorder/ … the sirens night and day/ … the fires of the homeless/ … the ashes of the gay," he concludes that the United States is actually not a democracy. He has made the observation (in "Tower of Song") that, "the rich have got their channels in the bedrooms of the poor/ And there's a mighty judgment coming." In the title track of
The Future he recasts this prophecy on a pacifist note: "I've seen the nations rise and fall/ …/ But love's the only engine of survival." In "Anthem," he promises that "the killers in high places [who] say their prayers out loud/ … [are] gonna hear from me."

Several Cohen songs speak of abortion, always either as something distasteful or even atrocious. "Diamonds in the Mine" bleakly declaims, "The only man of energy/ Yes the revolution's pride/ He trained a hundred women/ Just to kill an unborn child." In "The Future", he sings sarcastically "Destroy another fetus now/ We don't like children anyhow." In "Stories of the Street" Cohen speaks of "The age of lust is giving birth/ And both the parents ask/ The nurse to tell them fairy tales/ from both sides of the glass."

In "The Land of Plenty," he characterizes the United States (if not the opulent West in general) of benightedness: "May the lights in The Land of Plenty/ Shine on the truth some day."

War
War

...
 is an enduring theme of Cohen's work which in his earlier songs, as indeed in his early life, he approached ambivalently. In "Field Commander Cohen" he (perhaps metaphorically) imagines himself as a soldier/spy socializing with Fidel Castro
Fidel Castro

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from February 1959 to December 1976 and then president, premier until his resignation from the office in February 2008....
 in Cuba
Cuba

The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
—where he had actually lived at the height of US-Cuba tensions in 1961, allegedly sporting a Che Guevara
Che Guevara

Ernesto "Che" Guevara , commonly known as Che Guevara, El Che, or simply Che, was an Argentina Marxism revolutionary, politician, author, physician, military theorist, and guerrilla leader....
-style beard and military fatigues. This song was actually written immediately following Cohen's front-line stint with the Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i air force, the "fighting in Egypt" documented in an (again perhaps metaphorical) passage of "Night Comes On:"

In 1973, Cohen, who had traveled to Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
 to sign up on the Israeli side in the Yom Kippur War
Yom Kippur War

The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War , also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Fourth Arab-Israeli War, was fought from October 6 to October 26, 1973 by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel....
, had instead been assigned to a USO
United Service Organizations

The United Service Organizations Inc. is a private, nonprofit organization that provides morale and recreational services to members of the Military of the United States worldwide....
-style entertainer tour of front-line tank emplacements in the Sinai Desert, at one of which he both came under fire and reportedly shared cognac with an unlikely self-professed fan, then-General Ariel Sharon
Ariel Sharon

is a former Israeli Prime Minister of Israel and military leader. Sharon served as Prime Minister from March 2001 until April 2006, though he was unable to carry out his duties after suffering a stroke on 4 January 2006, when he fell into a coma and entered a persistent vegetative state....
. Deeply moved by encounters with dead and wounded Israeli soldiers, and having expressed explicit support for the Israeli side , he wrote his song "Lover Lover Lover", where the ending line is: "May it be a shield for you, a shield against the enemy."

His recent politics continue a lifelong predilection for the underdog, the "beautiful loser." Whether recording "The Partisan", a French Resistance
French Resistance

File:Croix de Lorraine2.svgThe French Resistance is the collective name used for the French resistance movements which fought against the Nazi Germany German occupation of France in World War II and the collaborationist Vichy Regime during World War II....
 song by Anna Marly
Anna Marly

Anna Marly , , was a Russians born France singer-songwriter. She is best remembered as the composer of the Chant des Partisans, a protest song that was used as the ersatz anthem of the Free French Forces during World War II; the popularity of the Chant des Partisans was such that it was proposed as a new national anthem after the conc...
 and Emmanuel d'Astier
Emmanuel d'Astier

Emmanuel d'Astier de la Vigerie was a France journalist, politician and member of the French Resistance....
, or singing his own "The Old Revolution", written from the point of view of a defeated royalist, he has throughout his career through his music expressed his sympathy and support for the oppressed. Although Cohen's fascination with war is often as metaphor for more explicitly cultural and personal issues, as in
New Skin for the Old Ceremony, by this measure his most "militant" album.

Cohen blends a good deal of pessimism about political/cultural issues with a great deal of humour and (especially in his later work) gentle acceptance. His wit contends with his stark analyses, as his songs are often verbally playful and even cheerful: In "Tower of Song," the famously raw-voiced Cohen sings ironically
Irony

Irony is a Literary technique or rhetorical device, in which there is an wiktionary:incongruous or wiktionary:discordance between what one says or does and what one means or what is generally understood....
 that he was "… born with the gift/ Of a golden voice"; the generally dark "Is This What You Wanted?" nonetheless contains playful lines "You were the whore
Whore of Babylon

The Whore of Babylon is a Christianity allegory figures of evil mentioned in the Book of Revelation in the Bible. The Whore is associated with the Antichrist and the Beast of Revelation by connection with an equally allegorical kingdom....
 at the Feast of Babylon
Babylon

Babylon was a city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, sometimes considered an empire, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad....
/ I was Rin Tin Tin
Rin Tin Tin

Rin Tin Tin was the name given to several related German Shepherd Dog featured in fictional stories on film, radio, and television....
"; in concert, he often plays around with his lyrics (for example, "If you want a doctor/ I'll examine every inch of you" from "I'm Your Man" will become "If you want a Jewish doctor …"); and he will introduce one song by using a phrase from another song or poem (for example, introducing "Leaving Green Sleeves" by paraphrasing his own "Queen Victoria": "This is a song for those who are not nourished by modern love").

Cohen has also recorded such love songs as Irving Berlin
Irving Berlin

Irving Berlin was a Jewish American composer and lyricist, and one of the most prolific American songwriters in history. Berlin was one of the few Tin Pan Alley/Broadway theater songwriters who wrote both lyrics and music for his songs....
's "Always" or the more obscure soul number "Be for Real" (originally sung by Marlena Shaw
Marlena Shaw

Marlena Shaw is a singer. Born Marlina Burgess in 1942, New Rochelle, New York. Marlena Shaw began her singing career in the 1960s and is still singing today....
), chosen in part for their unlikely juxtaposition to his own work.

Titles and honours

  • In 1968, Cohen refused a Governor General's Award
    Governor General's Award

    The Governor General's Awards are named in honour of the Governor General of Canada, and are presented in a number of fields....
     (in category for English language poetry or drama) for
    Selected Poems 1956–1968.
  • In 1991, Cohen was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame
    Canadian Music Hall of Fame

    The Canadian Music Hall of Fame honors Canada musicians for their lifetime achievements in music. The ceremony is held each year as part of the Juno Award ceremonies....
    .
  • In 1993, Cohen won the Juno Award
    Juno Award

    The Juno Awards are presented annually to music of Canada musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music....
     for Male Vocalist of the Year.
  • In 1994, Cohen won another Juno Award
    Juno Award

    The Juno Awards are presented annually to music of Canada musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music....
     this time for Songwriter of the Year.
  • In 1996, he was ordained a Rinzai
    Rinzai school

    The Rinzai school is one of the three Japanese :Category:Zen sects. Rinzai is the Japanese line of the China Linji school, which was founded during the Tang Dynasty by Linji ....
     Buddhist monk.
  • In 2001, Cohen was awarded a SNEP Award for more than 100,000 copies sold of Ten New Songs
    Ten New Songs

    Ten New Songs is Leonard Cohen's tenth studio album, released in 2001. It was co-written and produced by Sharon Robinson . She played all the instruments except Bob Metzger's guitar on 'In My Secret Life'....
     in France.
  • In 2003, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada
    Order of Canada

    The Order of Canada is Canada's highest civilian order and is the centrepiece of the Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada. Membership in the order is accorded to those who exemplify the order's Latin motto, taken from Epistle to the Hebrews 11:16, desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning "They desire a better country."...
    , Canada's highest civilian honour.
  • In 2004, Beautiful Losers was chosen for inclusion in Canada Reads 2005
    Canada Reads

    Canada Reads is an annual "battle of the books" competition organized and broadcast by Canada's public broadcasting, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation....
    . It was selected and originally to be championed by singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright
    Rufus Wainwright

    Rufus McGarrigle Wainwright is a Grammy-nominated, Canadian-American singer-songwriter. He has recorded five albums of original music, several extended play, and numerous tracks included on Compilation album and film soundtracks....
    ; however, tour commitments meant that Wainwright had to be replaced by singer Molly Johnson
    Molly Johnson

    Molly Johnson is a Canada singer-songwriter of pop music and jazz.Johnson began as a child performer, receiving formal training from the National Ballet School and the Banff School of Fine Arts....
    .
  • In 2006, Cohen was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame
    Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame

    The Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame is a Canada non-profit organization, founded in 1998 by Frank Davies, that inducts Canada into their Hall of Fame within 3 different categories: songwriters, songs, and those others who have made a significant contribution with respect to music....
    .
  • In 2007, Cohen received a Grammy for Album of the Year
    Album of the Year

    Album of the Year may refer to:* Grammy Award for Album of the Year* Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year* Juno Award for Album of the Year...
     as a featured artist on Herbie Hancock
    Herbie Hancock

    Herbert Jeffrey "Herbie" Hancock is a jazz pianist and composer. He embraces elements of rock and roll and soul music while adopting freer stylistic elements from jazz....
    's
    River: The Joni Letters
    River: The Joni Letters

    River: The Joni Letters is the 2008 Grammy-winning studio album by Herbie Hancock. His 47th studio album, it was released on September 25, 2007 by Verve Records....
    .
  • In 2008, Cohen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
    Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

    The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Cleveland, Ohio, United States, dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, and other people who have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the are...
    .
  • In June 2008 he was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec


Discography


Studio albums

TitleRelease date
Songs of Leonard Cohen
Songs of Leonard Cohen

Songs of Leonard Cohen is the debut album of Canada musician Leonard Cohen.It foreshadowed the future path of his career, with less success in the United States and far better in Europe, reaching #83 on the Billboard 200 chart but achieving gold status only in 1989, while it reached #13 in UK and spent nearly a year and a half in the UK...
December 27 1967
Songs from a Room
Songs from a Room

'Songs from a Room' is the Canada poet Leonard Cohen's second album. It reached #63 on the Billboard 200 list and #2 at UK charts.Cohen reportedly said he chose Record producer Bob Johnston to achieve the spartan sound he considered appropriate for his songs, after the disputes he had with John Simon during the mixing sessions of Songs...
April 1969
Songs of Love and Hate
Songs of Love and Hate

Songs of Love and Hate is Canada singer/songwriter Leonard Cohen's third album. It was mainly recorded in Columbia Studio A, Nashville, from September 22 to 26, 1970....
March 1971
New Skin for the Old Ceremony
New Skin for the Old Ceremony

New Skin for the Old Ceremony was the Canada poet, novelist, and singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen's fourth studio album. On this album, he begins to evolve away from the rawer sound of his earlier albums, with violas, mandolins, banjos, guitars, percussion and other instruments giving the album a more orchestrated sound....
August 1974
Death of a Ladies' Man
Death of a Ladies' Man

Death of a Ladies' Man is the fifth of Leonard Cohen's albums. Produced by the storied Phil Spector, it was a surprise to some fans when the typically minimalist Cohen was surrounded completely by Spector's Wall of Sound....
November 1977
Recent Songs
Recent Songs

Recent Songs was the sixth studio album by Leonard Cohen, released in 1979. Produced by Henry Lewy and the artist himself, the album was a return to Cohen's acoustic folk music after the Phil Spector experimentation of Death of a Ladies' Man, but now with many jazz and The Orient influences....
September 1979
Various Positions
Various Positions

Various Positions, the seventh studio album by Leonard Cohen, was released in December 1984 . It marked not only Cohen's turn to the modern sound and use of synthesizers , but also - after her work on harmonies and background vocals on the previous Recent Songs - even further Jennifer Warnes's contribution to Cohen's records, with he...
December 1984
I'm Your ManFebruary 1988
The Future
The Future

The Future is one of the most popular Leonard Cohen albums, and has come to be recognized as his essential "film-score" album. Nearly every one of the songs on the album has appeared in some notable form in a Hollywood film....
November 24 1992
Ten New Songs
Ten New Songs

Ten New Songs is Leonard Cohen's tenth studio album, released in 2001. It was co-written and produced by Sharon Robinson . She played all the instruments except Bob Metzger's guitar on 'In My Secret Life'....
October 9 2001
Dear Heather
Dear Heather

Dear Heather is Leonard Cohen's eleventh studio album, released in 2004.It shows a further departure from that of Ten New Songs, with more female lead singing and a marked increase in read poetry over sung lyrics, two of these being poems by other writers....
October 26 2004


Tribute albums

TitleRelease date
I'm Your Fan
I'm Your Fan

I'm Your Fan is a tribute album to Leonard Cohen, released in 1991, produced by the French music magazine Les Inrockuptibles. The album features Cohen's songs interpreted by some of the most respected Rock music acts of the time....
1991
Tower of Song
Tower of Song

Tower of Song: The Songs of Leonard Cohen is a tribute album to Leonard Cohen, released in 1995 on A&M Records. It takes its name of a song by Cohen, that has been covered by Marianne Faithfull, Robert Forster , Peter Gabriel, The Jesus and Mary Chain, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Martha Wainwright and Dax Riggs....
1995
Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man
Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man

Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man is a 2005 movie by Lian Lunson about the life and career of Leonard Cohen. The movie is based on a January 2005 tribute show at the Sydney Opera House titled "Came So Far for Beauty", which was produced by Hal Willner....
2006


Many other cover albums have been recorded by many artists.

Books

  • Let Us Compare Mythologies
    Let Us Compare Mythologies

    Let Us Compare Mythologies is the first poetry book by Canadian poet and songwriter Leonard Cohen. Written in 1956, shortly after Cohen left McGill University where he studied English Literature, it was first published as part of the McGill Poetry Series operated by Louis Dudek....
    (poetry) 1956
  • The Spice-Box of Earth
    The Spice-Box of Earth

    The Spice-Box of Earth is Canada poet and songwriter Leonard Cohen's second collection of poetry. It was first published in 1961 in literature by McClelland and Stewart....
    (poetry) 1961
  • The Favourite Game
    The Favourite Game

    The Favourite Game is the first novel by Leonard Cohen. It was published by Secker and Warburg in the fall of 1963. It is part of the New Canadian Library book series, with an afterword by Paul Quarrington....
    (novel) 1963
  • Flowers for Hitler
    Flowers for Hitler

    Flowers for Hitler is Canada poet Leonard Cohen's third collection of poetry, first published in 1964 in literature by McClelland and Stewart....
    (poetry) 1964
  • Beautiful Losers
    Beautiful Losers

    Beautiful Losers is a novel by Leonard Cohen. Published in 1966 in literature by McClelland and Stewart, it was the Canada novelist-poetry's second novel, and precedes his career as a singer-songwriter....
    (novel) 1966
  • Parasites of Heaven (poetry) 1966
  • Selected Poems 1956–1968 (poetry) 1968
  • The Energy of Slaves (poetry) 1972
  • Death of a Lady's Man (poetry and prose) 1978
  • Book of Mercy (prose, poetry, psalms) 1984
  • Stranger Music
    Stranger Music

    Stranger Music is a 1993 book by Leonard Cohen. It compiles many of his published poems, as well as the lyrics to his songs....
    (selected poems and songs) 1993
  • Book of Longing
    Book of Longing

    Book of Longing is the first new poetry book by Leonard Cohen since 1984's Book of Mercy. First published in 2006 by McClelland and Stewart, Book of Longing contains 167 previously unpublished poems and drawings, mostly written at a Zen monastery on Mount San Antonio in California, where Cohen lived from 1994 to 1999, and in India...
    (poetry, prose, drawings) 2006


Film

  • Cohen was the subject of the 1965 documentary Ladies and Gentlemen... Mr. Leonard Cohen, directed by Donald Brittain
    Donald Brittain

    'Donald Brittain', Order of Canada was an acclaimed filmmaker with the National Film Board of Canada.Brittain's most notable directorial credits include the 1965 documentaries Ladies and Gentlemen......
     and Don Owen
    Don Owen

    Don Owen is a Canadian film director, writer and producer.Owen worked for Canada's National Film Board of Canada, producing short documentaries in the 1960s, and the critically acclaimed dramatic film Nobody Waved Goodbye , which was the NFB's first full-length feature....
     and produced by the National Film Board of Canada
    National Film Board of Canada

    The National Film Board of Canada is Canada's public film producer and distributor. An agency of the Government of Canada, the NFB produces and distributes innovative, socially relevant documentary, animation, alternative drama and digital media productions....
    .


  • Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man
    Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man

    Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man is a 2005 movie by Lian Lunson about the life and career of Leonard Cohen. The movie is based on a January 2005 tribute show at the Sydney Opera House titled "Came So Far for Beauty", which was produced by Hal Willner....
    was released in the United States on June 21, 2006. It prominently features a 2005 tribute concert to Cohen, "Came So Far For Beauty," held at the Sydney Opera House
    Sydney Opera House

    The Sydney Opera House is located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was conceived and largely built by Denmark architect J?rn Utzon, who in 2003 received the Pritzker Prize, architecture's highest honour....
    ; the concert was produced by Hal Willner
    Hal Willner

    Hal Willner is an United States music producer working in recording, films, TV and live events. He is best known for assembling tribute albums and events featuring a wide variety of artists and musical styles ....
    . The film, directed by Lian Lunson, has appearances by Nick Cave
    Nick Cave

    Nicholas Edward Cave is an Australian musician, songwriter, author, screenwriter, Painting, and occasional film actor. He is best known for his work in the rock band Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, established in 1984 in music, who have become critically acclaimed for their fascination with American roots music....
    , Beth Orton
    Beth Orton

    Elizabeth Caroline Orton, commonly known as Beth Orton, , is a BRIT Awards?winning England singer-songwriter. Known for her "folktronica" sound, which mixes elements of folk music and electronica, she was initially recognised for her collaborations with William Orbit and the Chemical Brothers in the mid 1990s — but these were not...
    , Antony
    Antony Hegarty

    Antony Hegarty is an England-Ireland singer-songwriter, best known for being the lead singer of the band Antony and the Johnsons....
     of Antony and the Johnsons
    Antony and the Johnsons

    Antony and the Johnsons is a Mercury Prize-winning music act from New York City....
    , Rufus
    Rufus Wainwright

    Rufus McGarrigle Wainwright is a Grammy-nominated, Canadian-American singer-songwriter. He has recorded five albums of original music, several extended play, and numerous tracks included on Compilation album and film soundtracks....
     and Martha Wainwright
    Martha Wainwright

    Martha Wainwright is a Canadian-American folk music-Rock music singer-songwriter. She is the daughter of American folk/blues musician Loudon Wainwright III and Canadian folk singer-songwriter Kate McGarrigle....
    , and a performance of "Tower of Song" by Cohen and U2
    U2

    U2 are a rock music band from Dublin, Republic of Ireland. The band consists of Bono , The Edge , Adam Clayton and Larry Mullen, Jr. .The band formed in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency....
    . The film also features Cohen recalling significant parts of his life and career.


  • The Favourite Game / Le Jeu de l'ange was released in Canada in 2003 based on his novel of the same name.


  • In 1985, Cohen co-wrote and co-composed Night Magic (starring Carole Laure
    Carole Laure

    Carole Laure is an actress and singer from the province of Quebec in Canada....
    ) with fellow Quebecer, Lewis Furey
    Lewis Furey

    Lewis Furey, n? Lewis Greenblatt is a Canada composer, singer, violinist, pianist, actor and Film director....
    .


  • Cohen narrated a documentary called The Tibetan Book of the Dead: A Way of Life.


  • Cohen makes a cameo appearance performing "The Stranger Song" in the Canadian film The Ernie Game (1968) which is based on the stories of Bernard Cole Spencer.


  • Cohen is referenced in the Canadian film Looking for Leonard.


  • Cohen is the subject of a documentary, “Leonard Cohen: Under Review 1934-1977,” released April 24, 2007, by MVD Entertainment Group.


  • Cohen is the subject of a documentary, “Leonard Cohen: Under Review 1978-2006,” released July 8, 2008, by MVD Entertainment Group.


  • Cohen appeared as an actor in the role of villain “Francois Zolan” in the “French Twist” episode of the American television series “Miami Vice” (season 2, episode 17), originally broadcast on February 21, 1986.


  • The Song Of Leonard Cohen, a 1980 documentary by Harry Rasky
    Harry Rasky

    Harry Rasky, Order of Canada, Order of Ontario was a Canada documentary film producer.He was born in Toronto into a Jewish family, where he completed studies at University College, University of Toronto....
    , featuring Irving Layton
    Irving Layton

    Irving Layton, Order of Canada was a Canada poet.He was known for his "tell it like it is" style which won him a wide following but also made enemies....
    , highlights from Cohen's 1979 tour and tracks from the LP
    Recent Songs
    Recent Songs

    Recent Songs was the sixth studio album by Leonard Cohen, released in 1979. Produced by Henry Lewy and the artist himself, the album was a return to Cohen's acoustic folk music after the Phil Spector experimentation of Death of a Ladies' Man, but now with many jazz and The Orient influences....
    .


  • I Am A Hotel, a Canadian-produced twenty-five minute song cycle/video starring Cohen and dancer Robert Desrosiers


See also

  • Music of Canada
    Music of Canada

    Canada's music has mirrored the history and culture of the country. From early British-style patriotic songs and the folk traditions of the many founding cultures, to the international success of cutting-edge alternative music bands, music has been an ever evolving part of Canada's cultural life....
  • List of Quebec musicians
    List of Quebec musicians

    This is a list of singers, Musical bands, composers and other musicians from the province of Quebec....
  • Music of Quebec
    Music of Quebec

    Being a modern cosmopolitan society, today, all types of music can be found in the Canadian province of Quebec. What is specific to Quebec though are traditional songs, a unique variety of Celtic music, legions of excellent jazz musicians, a culture of European classical music, and a love of foreign rhythms that can be observed in summer every Sund...
  • Culture of Quebec
    Culture of Quebec

    The culture of Quebec is a Western world culture that is rooted in the history and society of the French language-speaking majority. As the only region in North America with a French-speaking majority and as one of only two provinces in Canada where the French language is a constitutionally-recognized official language , the culture of French...
  • List of people with depression


External links

  • entry in The Canadian Encyclopedia
    The Canadian Encyclopedia

    The Canadian Encyclopedia is a source of information on Canada. It is available online, at no cost. The Canadian Encyclopedia is available in both English and French and includes some 14,000 articles in each language on a wide variety of subjects including history, popular culture, events, people, places, politics, arts, First Nations, s...
  • on CBC Radio One
    CBC Radio One

    CBC Radio One is the English language news and information radio network of the publicly-owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is Advertising free and offers both local and national programming....
    's
    Ideas
    Ideas (radio show)

    Ideas is a long running scholarly radio documentary show on CBC Radio One. Premiering in 1965 under the title The Best Ideas You'll Hear Tonight, it is currently hosted by Paul Kennedy and is on between 9:05 and 10:00 each weekday evening....