Landgravine Juliane of Hesse-Philippsthal
Encyclopedia
Juliane of Hesse-Philippsthal (8 June 1761 – 9 November 1799), was a countess of Schaumburg-Lippe
, married in 1780 to Count Philip II, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe. She served as the regent of Schaumburg-Lippe during the minority of her son from 1787 to 1799.
(1726–1810) and his wife Ulrike Eleonore, Landgravine of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1732–1795). She spent some of her youth in 's-Hertogenbosch, where her father served as a Dutch general. She received a German education.
On 10 October 1780 she married in Philippsthal to Count Philip Ernest of Schaumburg-Lippe. Philipp Ernst, who was 57 years old at the time and already a widower, died after only seven years of marriage. Countess Juliane took up government, together with Count Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn
as regent for her minor son George William
. Immediately afterwards, Landgrave William of Hesse-Kassel
occupied Schaumburg-Lippe militarily, arguing it was a fief of Hesse, and vacant after Philip II's death. With support from Hanover, Prussia and the Imperial Council, Juliane managed to achieve a rapid withdrawal of the Hessian troops.
The Government of Juliane is considered extremely beneficial. She conducted thorough reforms of the economy and education, downsized the court, continued the tolerant policy towards the Jews her father-in-law had introduced and managed to cut taxes. She appointed Bernhard Christoph Faust as her personal physician, and helped him significantly with the introduction of the smallpox
inoculation
.
Juliane initiated a redesign of Hagenburg Castle and she is considered the founder of the spa Bad Eilsen
.
She died after a severe cold and was buried in a mausoleum in the Schaumburg Forest
. Count von Wallmoden-Gimborn continued to act as a regent for her son.
Schaumburg-Lippe
Schaumburg-Lippe was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg.- History :...
, married in 1780 to Count Philip II, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe. She served as the regent of Schaumburg-Lippe during the minority of her son from 1787 to 1799.
Life
Juliane was the daughter of Landgrave William of Hesse-PhilippsthalWilliam, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal
William of Hesse-Philippsthal was a member of the House of Hesse and Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1770 until his death.- Life :...
(1726–1810) and his wife Ulrike Eleonore, Landgravine of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1732–1795). She spent some of her youth in 's-Hertogenbosch, where her father served as a Dutch general. She received a German education.
On 10 October 1780 she married in Philippsthal to Count Philip Ernest of Schaumburg-Lippe. Philipp Ernst, who was 57 years old at the time and already a widower, died after only seven years of marriage. Countess Juliane took up government, together with Count Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn
Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn
Johann Ludwig Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn was a German lieutenant-general and art collector.-Life:He was an illegitimate son of George II of Great Britain by his mistress Amalie von Wallmoden...
as regent for her minor son George William
George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
Georg Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was a Count and later Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:...
. Immediately afterwards, Landgrave William of Hesse-Kassel
William I, Elector of Hesse
William I, Elector of Hesse was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II.-Early life:...
occupied Schaumburg-Lippe militarily, arguing it was a fief of Hesse, and vacant after Philip II's death. With support from Hanover, Prussia and the Imperial Council, Juliane managed to achieve a rapid withdrawal of the Hessian troops.
The Government of Juliane is considered extremely beneficial. She conducted thorough reforms of the economy and education, downsized the court, continued the tolerant policy towards the Jews her father-in-law had introduced and managed to cut taxes. She appointed Bernhard Christoph Faust as her personal physician, and helped him significantly with the introduction of the smallpox
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning "spotted", or varus, meaning "pimple"...
inoculation
Inoculation
Inoculation is the placement of something that will grow or reproduce, and is most commonly used in respect of the introduction of a serum, vaccine, or antigenic substance into the body of a human or animal, especially to produce or boost immunity to a specific disease...
.
Juliane initiated a redesign of Hagenburg Castle and she is considered the founder of the spa Bad Eilsen
Bad Eilsen
Bad Eilsen is a municipality in the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approx. 11 km southwest of Stadthagen, and 13 km southeast of Minden.Bad Eilsen is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde Eilsen....
.
She died after a severe cold and was buried in a mausoleum in the Schaumburg Forest
Schaumburg Forest
The Schaumburg Forest is a wooded region, about with an area of around 40 km², in the district of Schaumburg in the German federal state of Lower Saxony.- Location :...
. Count von Wallmoden-Gimborn continued to act as a regent for her son.
Issue
- Countess Eleonore Luise (1781–1783)
- Countess Wilhelmine Charlotte (1783–1858)
- Count Georg Wilhelm (1784–1860)
- Countess Karoline Luise (1786–1846)