Králíky
Encyclopedia
Králíky (ˈkraːliːkɪ; ) is a town
in the Pardubice Region
of the Czech Republic
. It has around 4,700 inhabitants.
, presented the castle of Žampach
and "The mountain of Grulich" (montana in Greylichs) belonging to it to Čeněk of Potštejn. However, this record concerns only some unspecified mines. The proper town came into being as late as the 16th century and the first record dates to 1568. In 1577 the town and ten neighbouring villages were bought by Zdeněk von Waldstein (his great-nephew was a famous commander in the 30 years´ war Albrecht von Wallenstein
). Zdeněk von Waldstein chose the town of Grulich as the residence of his new manor and began to develop it. Except the manor house, vicarage and Protestant oratory (today's church of St. Michael Archangel), he had the square built into today's shape and to his request Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
, granted the town a privilege
to hold three annual fairs. In the surroundings iron ore was probably mined and perhaps silver, and at that time the town was supposed to get two crossed mining hammers with a sword into its heraldry. There was an attempt to revive mining in the 17th century but it is believed to have been unsuccessful. The industry has never been restarted.
Near the curative springs above the town, Bishop Tobias Johannes Becker, a native of Grulich, had in the years of 1696-1710 a monumental pilgrimage complex (Muttergottesberg) built. A lot of visitors came to this pilgrimage place and poor inhabitants of the Grulich region made a living from these pilgrimages. Production and sale of souvenirs boomed. Woodcarving began to develop, and Christmas cribs and wooden characters that have found their way all over the world are reminders of this. The Christmas cribs were even sold in America as "the genuine Wiener cribs". Organ building and weaving also developed. Many cathedrals and churches all over Bohemia feature organs from the organ masters of Grulich, one of the greatest being in Prague's Loreta.
Weaving played an important role in the originating of a textile tradition, and Grulich canvas was successfully sold all over the country. One of the most important markets became Brno
and from there the canvas found its way also to markets in Vienna
.
In the 18th century the town suffered from fires, plague and wars. Though no major battles took place in the region the town suffered from the crossings of armies. Fights, plunderings and bribery took place here, as well as in other parts of the country. During the biggest fires in the years 1708 and 1767 a major part of the town burned down, including the most important buildings. The original wooden houses were replaced by stone ones. After Glatz in Silesia
was surrendered to Prussia
many of its inhabitants moved to Grulich and the town began to grow.
In 1791 Grulich became the residence of a regulated magistrate. During a land re-organisation in 1850 the district law court, tax office and land office were established in Grulich. The district law court had worked with several short breaks for almost 100 years.
The originally German
population was expelled
in 1945 and replaced by Czech settlers.
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...
in the Pardubice Region
Pardubice Region
Pardubice Region is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located mainly in the eastern part of its historical region of Bohemia, with a small part in northwestern Moravia. It is named after its capital Pardubice. "There are a total of 452 municipalities in the region...
of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. It has around 4,700 inhabitants.
Villages
Villages: Červený Potok (Rothfloß), Dolní Boříkovice (Niederullersdorf), Dolní Hedeč (Niederheidisch), Dolní Lipka (Niederlipka), Heřmanice (Hermsdorf), Horní Boříkovice (Oberullersdorf), Horní Hedeč (Oberheidisch), Horní Lipka (Oberlipka), Kopeček (Muttergottesberg) und Prostřední Lipka (Mittellipka) are administrative parts of Králíky (Grulich).History
The oldest recorded mention of Grulich dates back to 1367. It is a record preserved in the country's tables of law, by which Charles IV, Holy Roman EmperorCharles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the second king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and the first king of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor....
, presented the castle of Žampach
Žampach
Žampach is a small village in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has around 290 inhabitants.Hamlet Hlavná is administrative part of Žampach. Ruins of Žampach Castle lie in the neighbourhooh of the village.-External links:*...
and "The mountain of Grulich" (montana in Greylichs) belonging to it to Čeněk of Potštejn. However, this record concerns only some unspecified mines. The proper town came into being as late as the 16th century and the first record dates to 1568. In 1577 the town and ten neighbouring villages were bought by Zdeněk von Waldstein (his great-nephew was a famous commander in the 30 years´ war Albrecht von Wallenstein
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein , actually von Waldstein, was a Bohemian soldier and politician, who offered his services, and an army of 30,000 to 100,000 men during the Danish period of the Thirty Years' War , to the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II...
). Zdeněk von Waldstein chose the town of Grulich as the residence of his new manor and began to develop it. Except the manor house, vicarage and Protestant oratory (today's church of St. Michael Archangel), he had the square built into today's shape and to his request Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II was Holy Roman Emperor , King of Hungary and Croatia , King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria...
, granted the town a privilege
Privilege
A privilege is a special entitlement to immunity granted by the state or another authority to a restricted group, either by birth or on a conditional basis. It can be revoked in certain circumstances. In modern democratic states, a privilege is conditional and granted only after birth...
to hold three annual fairs. In the surroundings iron ore was probably mined and perhaps silver, and at that time the town was supposed to get two crossed mining hammers with a sword into its heraldry. There was an attempt to revive mining in the 17th century but it is believed to have been unsuccessful. The industry has never been restarted.
Near the curative springs above the town, Bishop Tobias Johannes Becker, a native of Grulich, had in the years of 1696-1710 a monumental pilgrimage complex (Muttergottesberg) built. A lot of visitors came to this pilgrimage place and poor inhabitants of the Grulich region made a living from these pilgrimages. Production and sale of souvenirs boomed. Woodcarving began to develop, and Christmas cribs and wooden characters that have found their way all over the world are reminders of this. The Christmas cribs were even sold in America as "the genuine Wiener cribs". Organ building and weaving also developed. Many cathedrals and churches all over Bohemia feature organs from the organ masters of Grulich, one of the greatest being in Prague's Loreta.
Weaving played an important role in the originating of a textile tradition, and Grulich canvas was successfully sold all over the country. One of the most important markets became Brno
Brno
Brno by population and area is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region where it forms a separate district Brno-City District...
and from there the canvas found its way also to markets in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
.
In the 18th century the town suffered from fires, plague and wars. Though no major battles took place in the region the town suffered from the crossings of armies. Fights, plunderings and bribery took place here, as well as in other parts of the country. During the biggest fires in the years 1708 and 1767 a major part of the town burned down, including the most important buildings. The original wooden houses were replaced by stone ones. After Glatz in Silesia
Silesia
Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
was surrendered to Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
many of its inhabitants moved to Grulich and the town began to grow.
In 1791 Grulich became the residence of a regulated magistrate. During a land re-organisation in 1850 the district law court, tax office and land office were established in Grulich. The district law court had worked with several short breaks for almost 100 years.
The originally German
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
population was expelled
Expulsion of Germans after World War II
The later stages of World War II, and the period after the end of that war, saw the forced migration of millions of German nationals and ethnic Germans from various European states and territories, mostly into the areas which would become post-war Germany and post-war Austria...
in 1945 and replaced by Czech settlers.
Famous people
- Tobias Johannes Becker, bishop of Königgrätz
- Wilhelm Öhl (1860–1936), writer
- Guido Franz Rotter (1860–1940), founded 1884 the first German Youth hostel
External links
- Municipal website (cz, en, de, pl)