Khalil Khasmammadov
Encyclopedia
Khalil bey Khasmammadov was an Azerbaijani
public figure, politician and diplomat. He served as a Member of the First and Second State Duma of the Russian Empire
, Minister of Internal Affairs
and Minister of Justice
of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
, and as the first Ambassador of Azerbaijan to Ottoman Turkey.
in 1875. He had four brothers. Khasmammadov graduated from Moscow State University
with a degree in Law. His political activity started during the university years when he was a member of Muslim-Caucasus Fellow Countrymen Society. He then worked as an attorney in Yekaterinodar and Ganja district courts.
, Ismayil Ziyadkhanov, and Ahmed Bey Aghayev, sought to counter the activity of Armenian Revolutionary Federation
.
Khasmammadov was a member of the first and second Russian Duma
. Along with five other Azerbaijani deputies, in November 1911, he spoke in the Duma against a discriminatory practice of exempting Azeris and other Caucasian Muslims from military service in Russian Imperial forces, while levying them with a special tax. As a member of Musavat Party, he was also closely involved with Azerbaijani national movement for autonomy within Russian Empire.
Khasmammadov has also been active during establishment of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
in 1918. He was a member of Azerbaijani National Council
and one of the co-signers of declaration of independence of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in Tiflis on May 28, 1918.
During the ADR period, Khasmammadov held ministerial posts in four of the five cabinets of Azerbaijani government. Khasmammadov served as the first Minister of Justice from May 28, 1918 until June 17, 1918; Minister of Internal Affairs from December 26, 1918 through June 16, 1919; and again Minister of Justice from December 24, 1919 until April 1, 1920, the end of 5th cabinet. He secured the cooperation of Defense
, National Security and Internal Affairs ministries to face of external challenges against statehood.
In the beginning of April 1920, Khasmammadov was appointed ADR's ambassador to Turkey, and upon his arrival to Istanbul, ADR government fell to Bolsheviks. He stayed in Turkey for the rest of his life and died in 1947. He was buried in Feri Goy cemetery.
Azerbaijani people
The Azerbaijanis are a Turkic-speaking people living mainly in northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan, as well as in the neighbourhood states, Georgia, Russia and formerly Armenia. Commonly referred to as Azeris or Azerbaijani Turks , they also live in a wider area from the Caucasus to...
public figure, politician and diplomat. He served as a Member of the First and Second State Duma of the Russian Empire
State Duma of the Russian Empire
The State Duma of the Russian Empire was a legislative assembly in the late Russian Empire, which met in the Taurida Palace in St. Petersburg. It was convened four times between 1906 and the collapse of the Empire in 1917.-History:...
, Minister of Internal Affairs
Minister of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan is an Azerbaijani government ministry for internal affairs, which is responsible for keeping the order, security and safety of population, officials, buildings and structures in the country...
and Minister of Justice
Ministry of Justice (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulation of the justice system, overseeing the public prosecutor, maintaining the legal system and public order and instituting law reforms....
of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world . The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in...
, and as the first Ambassador of Azerbaijan to Ottoman Turkey.
Early life
Khasmammadov was born to a family of lawyers in Elisavetpol (Ganja)Ganja, Azerbaijan
Ganja is Azerbaijan's second-largest city with a population of around 313,300. It was named Yelizavetpol in the Russian Empire period. The city regained its original name—Ganja—from 1920–1935 during the first part of its incorporation into the Soviet Union. However, its name was changed again and...
in 1875. He had four brothers. Khasmammadov graduated from Moscow State University
Moscow State University
Lomonosov Moscow State University , previously known as Lomonosov University or MSU , is the largest university in Russia. Founded in 1755, it also claims to be one of the oldest university in Russia and to have the tallest educational building in the world. Its current rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy...
with a degree in Law. His political activity started during the university years when he was a member of Muslim-Caucasus Fellow Countrymen Society. He then worked as an attorney in Yekaterinodar and Ganja district courts.
Political career
In the fall of 1905, together with his brother Alakbar, Khasmammadov participated in the establishment of Difai (Defense), a clandestine political association in Ganja. The group, which also included intellectuals such as Nasib YusifbeyliNasib Yusifbeyli
Nasib Yusif oglu Yusifbeyli or Usubbeyov - Azerbaijani publicist, statesman and major political figure in Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.-Early years:Nasib Yusifbeyli was born in 1881 in Elisavetpol...
, Ismayil Ziyadkhanov, and Ahmed Bey Aghayev, sought to counter the activity of Armenian Revolutionary Federation
Armenian Revolutionary Federation
The Armenian Revolutionary Federation is an Armenian political party founded in Tiflis in 1890 by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian...
.
Khasmammadov was a member of the first and second Russian Duma
State Duma
The State Duma , common abbreviation: Госду́ма ) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. The Duma headquarters is located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to...
. Along with five other Azerbaijani deputies, in November 1911, he spoke in the Duma against a discriminatory practice of exempting Azeris and other Caucasian Muslims from military service in Russian Imperial forces, while levying them with a special tax. As a member of Musavat Party, he was also closely involved with Azerbaijani national movement for autonomy within Russian Empire.
Khasmammadov has also been active during establishment of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world . The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in...
in 1918. He was a member of Azerbaijani National Council
Azerbaijani National Council
Azerbaijani National Council was the first delegated legislative body of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from 27 May 1918 to 17 June 1918 and again from 16 November 1918 to 3 December 1918...
and one of the co-signers of declaration of independence of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in Tiflis on May 28, 1918.
During the ADR period, Khasmammadov held ministerial posts in four of the five cabinets of Azerbaijani government. Khasmammadov served as the first Minister of Justice from May 28, 1918 until June 17, 1918; Minister of Internal Affairs from December 26, 1918 through June 16, 1919; and again Minister of Justice from December 24, 1919 until April 1, 1920, the end of 5th cabinet. He secured the cooperation of Defense
Minister of Defense (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan is the Azerbaijani government ministry, associated with the Azerbaijani military. The ministry is responsible for keeping Azerbaijan defended against external threats, preserving its territorial integrity, waging war on behalf of Azerbaijan , and the...
, National Security and Internal Affairs ministries to face of external challenges against statehood.
In the beginning of April 1920, Khasmammadov was appointed ADR's ambassador to Turkey, and upon his arrival to Istanbul, ADR government fell to Bolsheviks. He stayed in Turkey for the rest of his life and died in 1947. He was buried in Feri Goy cemetery.