Józef Paczoski
Encyclopedia
Józef Konrad Paczoski (ˈjʊzɛf pəˈtʃɒski) was an eminent Polish botanist
, who coined the term "phytosociology" and was one of the founders of this branch of botany .
in Volhynia
, and died on 14 February 1942 in Sierosław near Poznań
, Poland
. From 1877 he studied botany
at Jagiellonian University
and Kiev University
under the guidance of Ivan Ivanovich Schmalhausen
.
, the study of natural plant communities. In 1896 he coined the term "phytosociology". In 1923 he became a scientific manager of the forest reserves in the Białowieża Forest. He did much of his research on the vegetation of the Białowieża National Park. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning
(Polska Akademia Umiejętności), the predecessor of the Polish Academy of Sciences
. He established the first Institute of Plant Sociology in the world, at Poznań University. From 1925 to 1931 he was Professor of Plant Systematics and Sociology at that University.
(Poland being occupied at that time by Nazi Germany
).
Botany
Botany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
, who coined the term "phytosociology" and was one of the founders of this branch of botany .
Early life
Paczoski was born on 8 December 1864 in Byalohorodka near IziaslavIziaslav, Ukraine
Iziaslav or Zaslav is one of the oldest cities in Volhynia. Situated on the Horyn river in western Ukraine, the city dates back to the 11th century.- Monuments :* Starozaslavsky Castle* Novozaslavsky Castle* St. John Cathedral* Great Synagogue...
in Volhynia
Volhynia
Volhynia, Volynia, or Volyn is a historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Prypiat and Southern Bug River, to the north of Galicia and Podolia; the region is named for the former city of Volyn or Velyn, said to have been located on the Southern Bug River, whose name may come...
, and died on 14 February 1942 in Sierosław near Poznań
Poznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. From 1877 he studied botany
Botany
Botany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
at Jagiellonian University
Jagiellonian University
The Jagiellonian University was established in 1364 by Casimir III the Great in Kazimierz . It is the oldest university in Poland, the second oldest university in Central Europe and one of the oldest universities in the world....
and Kiev University
Kiev University
Taras Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , colloquially known in Ukrainian as KNU is located in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It is the third oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and Kharkiv University. Currently, its structure...
under the guidance of Ivan Ivanovich Schmalhausen
Ivan Ivanovich Schmalhausen
Ivan Ivanovich Schmalhausen was a Russian and Soviet zoologist and evolutionist. He was one of the central figures in the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis.__FORCETOC__-Biography:...
.
Phytosociological research
He was an early pioneer of the science of phytosociologyPhytosociology
Phytosociology is the branch of science which deals with plant communities, their composition and development, and the relationships between the species within them. A phytosociological system is a system for classifying these communities...
, the study of natural plant communities. In 1896 he coined the term "phytosociology". In 1923 he became a scientific manager of the forest reserves in the Białowieża Forest. He did much of his research on the vegetation of the Białowieża National Park. He was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning
Polish Academy of Learning
The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning , headquartered in Kraków, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of sciences....
(Polska Akademia Umiejętności), the predecessor of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Polish Academy of Sciences
The Polish Academy of Sciences, headquartered in Warsaw, is one of two Polish institutions having the nature of an academy of sciences.-History:...
. He established the first Institute of Plant Sociology in the world, at Poznań University. From 1925 to 1931 he was Professor of Plant Systematics and Sociology at that University.
Death
He died in 1942 of a heart attack, when he heard that his grandson had been injured by the GestapoGestapo
The Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police...
(Poland being occupied at that time by Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
).
Plant species named after Jozef Paczoski
- Allium paczoskianum
- Centaurea paczoskyi
- Hieracium paczoskianum
- Jurinea paczoskiana
- Pyrethrum paczoskii
- Tanacetum paczoskii
- Carex paczoskii
- Lamium paczoskianum
- Chamaecytisus paczoskii (Krecz.)
- Cytisus paczoskii
- Onobrychis paczoskiana
- Gagea paczoskii (Zapal.)
- Corydalis paczoskii
- Papaver paczoskii
- Pistolochia paczoskii
- Veronica paczoskiana
Publications
- Paczoski J. 1927. Ranunculaceae. In: Szafer W (ed.) Flora polska : Rośliny naczyniowe Polski i ziem ościennych (Polish: Flora of Poland: Vascular plants of Poland and adjacent territories). Vol. III. Kraków: Polska Akademja Umiejętności
- Paczoski J. 1928. La végétation de la Foret de Białowieża (French: The Vegetation of Białowieża Forest). Varsovie.
- Paczoski J. 1928. Biologiczna struktura lasu (Polish : The Biological Structure of Forest). Sylwan 3: 193 - 221.
- Paczoski J. 1929. Die Wälder Bosniens (German: The Forests of Bosnia). Lwów: Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne.
- Paczoski J. 1930. Lasy Białowieży (Polish: The Forests of Białowieża). Monografje Naukowe 1. Warszawa: Państwowa Rada Ochrony Przyrody.
- Paczoski J. 1933. Podstawowe zagadnienia geografji roślin (Polish: Basic concepts in plant geography). Biblioteka Botaniczna. Vol. III. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego.
- Paczoski J. 1935. Piętrowość lasu (Polish: Layers of forest vegetation). Biblioteka Botaniczna. Vol. IV. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego.