Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
Encyclopedia
Julius Francis was duke of Saxe-Lauenburg between 1666 and 1689. He was a son of Duke Julius Henry and his third wife Anna Magdalena of Lobkowicz
(*20 July 1606 – 7 September 1668*), daughter of Baron William the Younger Popel von Lobkowitz (Popel z Lobkowicz). He was officially known as Julius Franz von Sachsen, Engern und Westfalen.
and Schlackenwerth (Ostrov), Kingdom of Bohemia
. Julius Francis had inherited more estates from his Bohemian mother, which is why the dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg had been adopted into the Bohemian nobility, however, not as imperially immediate aristocrats, as in their homeland.
Having no sons Julius Francis provided for the legal grounds of female succession in Saxe-Lauenburg. With his death the Lauenburg line of the House of Ascania was extinct in the male line. So Julius Francis' two daughters Anna Mary Francisca
and Mary Francisca Sibylla Augusta
fought for the succession of the former, the elder sister. Also Julius Francis' cousin, Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen
, claimed the succession.
Their weakness was abused by Duke George William
of the neighbouring Brunswick-Lunenburg
ian Principality of Lunenburg-Celle, who invaded Saxe-Lauenburg with his troops, thus inhibiting the ascension of the legal heiress.
Also other monarchies claimed the succession, resulting into a conflict involving further the neighbouring duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
and of Danish Holstein, as well as the five Ascanian-ruled Principalities of Anhalt, the Electorate of Saxony
, which had succeeded the Saxe-Wittenberg
ian Ascanians in 1422, Sweden
and Brandenburg.
Militarily engaged were Celle and Danish Holstein, which agreed on 9 October 1693 (Hamburger Vergleich), that Celle - anyway de facto holding most of Saxe-Lauenburg - would retain the duchy in personal union
. In 1728 Charles VI finally legitimised the de facto takeover. Anna Mary Francisca and Sibylla Augusta, never waiving their claim, were dispossessed in Saxe-Lauenburg and the former exiled in Ploschkowitz.
Hedwig of the Palatinate
(Sulzbach, *15 April 1650 – 23 November 1681*, Hamburg
), daughter of Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
, making her the Saxon consort. They had three daughters:
Lobkowicz
The Lobkowicz family is one of the oldest still existing Bohemian noble families dating back to the 14th century...
(*20 July 1606 – 7 September 1668*), daughter of Baron William the Younger Popel von Lobkowitz (Popel z Lobkowicz). He was officially known as Julius Franz von Sachsen, Engern und Westfalen.
Life
His father Julius Henry had acquired sprawling estates around and a castle in Ploschkowitz (Ploskovice)Ploskovice
Ploskovice is a village and municipality in Litoměřice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 384 ....
and Schlackenwerth (Ostrov), Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia was a country located in the region of Bohemia in Central Europe, most of whose territory is currently located in the modern-day Czech Republic. The King was Elector of Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, whereupon it became part of the Austrian Empire, and...
. Julius Francis had inherited more estates from his Bohemian mother, which is why the dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg had been adopted into the Bohemian nobility, however, not as imperially immediate aristocrats, as in their homeland.
Having no sons Julius Francis provided for the legal grounds of female succession in Saxe-Lauenburg. With his death the Lauenburg line of the House of Ascania was extinct in the male line. So Julius Francis' two daughters Anna Mary Francisca
Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg
Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg was the legal Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg in the eyes of the Holy Roman Emperor, the overlord of Saxe-Lauenburg, from 1689 until 1728; however, because her distant cousin George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, conquered the duchy by force in 1689, she...
and Mary Francisca Sibylla Augusta
Sibylle Auguste of Saxe-Lauenburg
Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg was Margravine of Baden-Baden. Born a Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg, she was the wife of Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden, a famous Imperial general who was known as the Türkenlouis...
fought for the succession of the former, the elder sister. Also Julius Francis' cousin, Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen
Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen
Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen was a duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg by birth and, by marriage, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen, whose line and territorial legacy she co-founded.- Life :...
, claimed the succession.
Their weakness was abused by Duke George William
George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
George William was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled first over the Principality of Calenberg, a subdivision of the duchy, then over the Lüneburg subdivision. In 1689 he occupied the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg....
of the neighbouring Brunswick-Lunenburg
Brunswick-Lüneburg
The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , or more properly Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was an historical ducal state from the late Middle Ages until the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, in what is now northern Germany...
ian Principality of Lunenburg-Celle, who invaded Saxe-Lauenburg with his troops, thus inhibiting the ascension of the legal heiress.
Also other monarchies claimed the succession, resulting into a conflict involving further the neighbouring duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1348, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV...
and of Danish Holstein, as well as the five Ascanian-ruled Principalities of Anhalt, the Electorate of Saxony
Electorate of Saxony
The Electorate of Saxony , sometimes referred to as Upper Saxony, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire. It was established when Emperor Charles IV raised the Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg to the status of an Electorate by the Golden Bull of 1356...
, which had succeeded the Saxe-Wittenberg
Saxe-Wittenberg
The Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg was a medieval duchy of the Holy Roman Empire centered at Wittenberg, which emerged after the dissolution of the stem duchy of Saxony. As the precursor of the Saxon Electorate, the Ascanian Wittenberg dukes prevailed in obtaining the Saxon electoral dignity.-Ascanian...
ian Ascanians in 1422, Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
and Brandenburg.
Militarily engaged were Celle and Danish Holstein, which agreed on 9 October 1693 (Hamburger Vergleich), that Celle - anyway de facto holding most of Saxe-Lauenburg - would retain the duchy in personal union
Personal union
A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states have the same monarch while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct. It should not be confused with a federation which is internationally considered a single state...
. In 1728 Charles VI finally legitimised the de facto takeover. Anna Mary Francisca and Sibylla Augusta, never waiving their claim, were dispossessed in Saxe-Lauenburg and the former exiled in Ploschkowitz.
Marriage and issue
On 9 April 1668 Julius Francis married in SulzbachSulzbach
- Germany :* Sulzbach-Rosenberg, a town in the district Amberg-Sulzbach, Bavaria* Sulzbach, Saarland, a town in the district of Saarbrücken, Saarland* Sulzbach, Hesse, a municipality in the Main-Taunus-Kreis, Hesse...
Hedwig of the Palatinate
Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach
Marie Hedwig Auguste of the Palatinate-Sulzbach was a Countess Palatine of Sulzbach by birth and by marriage, Archduchess of Austria-Tyrol and by her second marriage, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg.- Life :...
(Sulzbach, *15 April 1650 – 23 November 1681*, Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
), daughter of Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
Christian Augustus was the Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1632 until 1708.-Life:Christian Augustus was born in Sulzbach in 1622 as the eldest son of Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach. He succeeded his father in 1632. Christian Augustus was a tolerant ruler...
, making her the Saxon consort. They had three daughters:
- Maria Anna Theresia of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia (*1670 – 1671*)
- Anna Maria Franziska of Saxony, Angria and WestphaliaAnna Maria Franziska of Saxe-LauenburgAnna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg was the legal Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg in the eyes of the Holy Roman Emperor, the overlord of Saxe-Lauenburg, from 1689 until 1728; however, because her distant cousin George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, conquered the duchy by force in 1689, she...
(Neuhaus upon ElbeAmt NeuhausAmt Neuhaus is a municipality in the District of Lunenburg , in Lower Saxony, Germany.- History :In the course of the eastern colonisation the area of today's Amt Neuhaus became a part of the Duchy of Saxony...
, *13 June 1672 – 15 October 1741*, ReichstadtZákupyZákupy is a town in the Česká Lípa District, Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. The number of inhabitants is 2,642.-History:The earliest preserved document where the city appears is from 1306....
);
- ∞ (1) on 29 October 1690 in Raudnitz upon ElbeRoudnice nad LabemRoudnice nad Labem is a small town on left bank of the Elbe River . It has about 13 500 inhabitants and covers an area of 16,67 km². The town is situated near the famous hill Říp, which is well known for its legendary connection with Praotec Čech....
(1) Philip William Augustus, Count Palatine of Neuburg (Neuburg upon DanubeNeuburg an der DonauNeuburg an der Donau, literally Neuburg on the Danube River, is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in the state of Bavaria in Germany.-Divisions:The municipality has 16 divisions:-History:...
, *18 November 1668 - 10 April 1693*, Reichstadt), son of Philip William, Elector Palatine; - ∞ (2) on 2 July 1697 in DüsseldorfDüsseldorfDüsseldorf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and centre of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region.Düsseldorf is an important international business and financial centre and renowned for its fashion and trade fairs. Located centrally within the European Megalopolis, the...
Grand Duke Gian Gastone de' MediciGian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of TuscanyGian Gastone de' Medici was the seventh and last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany. He was the second son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, Princess of France...
of TuscanyGrand Duchy of TuscanyThe Grand Duchy of Tuscany was a central Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence...
(FlorenceFlorenceFlorence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
, *24 May 1671 – 9 July 1737*, ibidem)
- Franziska Sibylle Augusta of Saxony, Angria and Westphalia (RatzeburgRatzeburgRatzeburg is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is surrounded by four lakes—the resulting isthmuses between the lakes form the access lanes to the town. Ratzeburg is the capital of the Kreis of Lauenburg.-History:...
, *21 January 1675 – 10 July 1733*, EttlingenEttlingenEttlingen is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about south of the city of Karlsruhe. Ettlingen is the second largest town in the district of Karlsruhe, after Bruchsal.-Geography:...
)
- ∞ on 27 March 1690 in Raudnitz Margrave Louis William of Baden-BadenLouis William, Margrave of Baden-BadenLouis William, Margrave of Baden was the ruler of Baden in Germany and chief commander of the Imperial army. He was also known as Türkenlouis...
.