Irv Docktor
Encyclopedia
Irving Sidmond Docktor was a prolific artist and educator best known for his work as a book and magazine illustrator in the 1950s and 1960s. His psychologically arresting and aesthetically distinctive style, featuring angular often overlapping faces executed with a moody palette, made him one of the most instantly recognizable illustrators of his era. An early work on the history of paperbacks identified Docktor and Edward Gorey
Edward Gorey
Edward St. John Gorey was an American writer and artist noted for his macabre illustrated books.-Early life:...

 as executing some of the most interesting and appealing cover designs in the field.

Born and raised in Philadelphia, Docktor graduated from Central High School in Philadelphia, and won a scholarship to the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art (now the University of the Arts
University of the Arts (Philadelphia)
The University of the Arts is one of the United States' oldest universities dedicated to the arts. Its campus makes up part of the Avenue of the Arts in Center City, Philadelphia...

) and the Barnes Foundation in Merion, Pennsylvania
Merion, Pennsylvania
Merion Station is an unincorporated community in Lower Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is contiguous to Philadelphia and is also bordered by Wynnewood, Narberth, and Bala Cynwyd...

. A weight lifter in his youth, Docktor performed with Mary Binney Montgomery's ballet troupe while he was in college as a "super". He married Mildred Sylvia Himmelstein in 1946, and together they had three children—Mark, a dentist; Paul, an orthopedic surgeon; and Barbara, a photographer and massage therapist.

Illustration

After graduating from art school, Docktor entered the army and was trained in photography. During World War II, he served as an aerial photographer in a map-making unit in the Technical Intelligence Team based in Australia and the Philippines. The sketches he made during this period served as visual referents for some of his later work, such as his illustrations for a book on the Battle of Bataan
Battle of Bataan
The Battle of Bataan represented the most intense phase of Imperial Japan's invasion of the Philippines during World War II. The capture of the Philippine Islands was crucial to Japan's effort to control the Southwest Pacific, seize the resource-rich Dutch East Indies, and protect its Southeast...

.

Upon his discharge, Docktor moved first to Flushing, Queens, New York, then to Fort Lee, New Jersey
Fort Lee, New Jersey
Fort Lee is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough population was 35,345. Located atop the Hudson Palisades, the borough is the western terminus of the George Washington Bridge...

, and entered the commercial art world, producing illustrations that graced the covers and interiors of many novels, children’s books and record albums. Much of his early work was for Grosset & Dunlap
Grosset & Dunlap
Grosset & Dunlap is a United States book publisher founded in 1898.The company was purchased by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1982 and today is part of the British publishing conglomerate, Pearson PLC through its American subsidiary Penguin Group....

. His dark palette and sense of the macabre led him to paint a number of covers for mystery novels and collections of supernatural fiction. He illustrated a number of books in the "Lookouts" juvenile mystery series by Christine Noble Govan and Emmy West in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and he executed cover paintings for five science fiction novels by Robert A. Heinlein
Robert A. Heinlein
Robert Anson Heinlein was an American science fiction writer. Often called the "dean of science fiction writers", he was one of the most influential and controversial authors of the genre. He set a standard for science and engineering plausibility and helped to raise the genre's standards of...

. He used his children and neighbors as models. His cover for Govan and West's Mystery of Rock City, for example, pictures his two sons and their playmates scrambling on the hillside near their house in Fort Lee.

He also did work in a brighter vein, including fashion illustrations, a luminous cover for a book on Bergdorf Goodman
Bergdorf Goodman
Bergdorf Goodman is a luxury goods department store based on Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The company was founded in 1899 by Herman Bergdorf and was later owned and managed by Edwin Goodman, and later his son Andrew Goodman....

, and a richly illustrated book of American Folklore, which he counted among his best of his commercial work. Docktor contributed to innumerable magazines, and he painted posters for Broadway plays, including Tea and Sympathy
Tea and Sympathy
Tea and Sympathy is a 1953 stage play in three acts by Robert Anderson.-Broadway premiere:It received its premiere on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on September 30, 1953 in a production by The Playwrights' Company, directed by Elia Kazan and designed by Jo Mielziner. The play starred...

, Long Day's Journey Into Night
Long Day's Journey Into Night
Long Day's Journey Into Night is a 1956 drama in four acts written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill. The play is widely considered to be his masterwork...

 and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a play by Tennessee Williams. One of Williams's best-known works and his personal favorite, the play won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1955...

. Whimsical drawings of dogs were featured in the advertising brochures and other products of the Docktor Pet Centers, a franchise founded by the artist's brother Milton. For this endeavor, Docktor expanded his range of technique to include photo collage
Collage
A collage is a work of formal art, primarily in the visual arts, made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole....

, an approach he would occasionally use in other illustration work—in his covers for albums by The Serendipity Singers
The Serendipity Singers
The Serendipity Singers were a 1960s American folk group, similar to The New Christy Minstrels.This nine-member folk-oriented group started at the University of Colorado with seven original members of a group called the Newport Singers...

 and the Dixie Double-Cats, for instance. His cover for an album by Art Tatum
Art Tatum
Arthur "Art" Tatum, Jr. was an American jazz pianist and virtuoso who played with phenomenal facility despite being nearly blind.Tatum is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time...

 is an exercise in synesthesia
Synesthesia
Synesthesia , from the ancient Greek , "together," and , "sensation," is a neurologically based condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway...

, suggesting through strokes of color the tones of the pianist's music. Similarly, his cover for Stories of Suspense, an anthology published by Scholastic Books, evokes the mounting horror of Daphne du Maurier
Daphne du Maurier
Dame Daphne du Maurier, Lady Browning DBE was a British author and playwright.Many of her works have been adapted into films, including the novels Rebecca and Jamaica Inn and the short stories "The Birds" and "Don't Look Now". The first three were directed by Alfred Hitchcock.Her elder sister was...

's story The Birds
The Birds (story)
"The Birds" is a famous novelette by Daphne du Maurier, first published in her 1952 collection The Apple Tree. It is the story of a farmhand, his family, and his community, who are attacked by flocks of seabirds who have organized themselves into avian suicide warriors. The story is set in...

 by including shadowy images of birds as a hidden visual motif.

Fine art

During this fertile period, Docktor also pursued a separate career as a fine artist. A mural commission in 1960 led him to relocate temporarily from Fort Lee, New Jersey, to New York City, and eventually to shift his emphasis from commercial illustration. By the late 1960s he had refocused on fine art, exhibiting paintings in numerous galleries and art shows in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Connecticut, garnering a number of prizes at juried shows. In additions to landscapes and highly sensuous nudes, Docktor also returned repeatedly to a sequence of paintings he called the "Heritage series," featuring juxtaposed figures and faces redolent of village life in the old world. “With technical perfection, the mystic characteristics and pathos give his art an exquisite, aesthetic quality,” remarked one reviewer in 1963.

Docktor was equally devoted to education, training several generations of fine and commercial artists. He taught figure drawing, fashion illustration, calligraphy and other subjects on a part-time basis for almost 50 years at the Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts
Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts
Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts was a city-run vocational and art school in Newark, New Jersey. Opened in 1882 as the Evening Drawing School, its name was changed in 1909 to the Fawcett School of Industrial Arts, and changed again in 1928 to the Newark Public School of Fine and...

, and for 15 years served on the full-time faculty of the High School of Art and Design
High School of Art and Design
The High School of Art and Design is a Career and Technical Education high school located at 1075 Second Avenue, between 56th and 57th Streets in Manhattan, New York City, New York.It is operated by the New York City Department of Education...

 in New York City. He also taught occasional classes at Learning Annex
The Learning Annex
The Learning Annex is a private continuing adult education school based in New York. It was founded in 1980 by Bill Zanker in his New York City studio apartment with an investment of only $5,000...

. During his final years, he led art classes as a volunteer at the Senior Center in Fort Lee, New Jersey.

Docktor was the model for one of the seven figures in The Commuters (1984), the life-size bronze tableau by Grigory Gurevich at the entrance to the subway at Penn Station in Newark, NJ.

He was a member of a number of artist's unions, including the Salmagundi Club, the Pastel Society of America, the Garden State Watercolor Society, the New Jersey Watercolor Society, the Philadelphia Sketch Club, the Philadelphia Watercolor Society, the New Jersey American Artists Professional League, the Northeast Watercolor Society, the Ridgewood Art Institute, the Ringwood Manor Art Association and the Society of Illustrators
Society of Illustrators
The Society of Illustrators is a professional society based in New York City. Founded in 1901, the mission of the Society is to promote the art and appreciation of illustration, as well as its history...

.

Books

  • Clark Gavin, Foul, False, and Infamous: Famous Libel and Slander Cases of History (Abelard, 1950)
  • Patricia Highsmith, Strangers on a Train (Harper, 1950)
  • Selwyn Jepson, The Hungry Spider (Doubleday, 1950)
  • Theodora DuBois, High Tension (Doubleday, 1950)
  • Christiana Brand, Cat and Mouse (Knopf, 1950)
  • David William Meredith [Earl Schenck Miers], The Christmas Card Murders (Knopf, 1951)
  • Jessamyn West, The Witch Diggers (Harcourt, Brace, 1951)
  • Ed Lacy, The Best that Ever Did It (Harper, 1955)
  • Leigh Brackett, The Long Tomorrow (Doubleday, 1955)
  • Lucile Iremonger, The Young Traveler in the West Indies (Dutton, 1955)
  • Ruth Adams Knight, First the Lightning (Doubleday, 1955)
  • Ullin W. Leavell, Mary Louise Friebele, Tracie Cushman, Paths to Follow (American Book Company, New York, 1956)
  • J. T. McIntosh, Rule of the Pagbeasts (Crest 150, 1956)
  • Sylvia Tate, The Fuzzy Pink Nightgown (Harper, 1956)
  • Anon. [Gladys Parrish], Madame Solario: A Novel (Viking, 1956)
  • Carl Carmer, The Screaming Ghost (Knopf, 1956)
  • Booton Herndon, Bergdorf's in the Plaza (Knopf, 1956)
  • Norman Dale, The Casket and the Sword (Harper, 1956)
  • Nora Benjamin Kubie, King Solomon's Horses (Harper, 1956)
  • Lincoln Steffens, The Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1956)
  • John P. Marquand, The Late George Apley (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1956)

  • Carlo Levi, Christ Stopped at Eboli (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1956)
  • Norman Douglas, South Wind (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1956)
  • John Steinbeck, The Wayward Bus (Grosset & Dunlap, 1956)
  • Herman Melville, Typee (Grosset & Dunlap, 1956)
  • Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace (Grosset & Dunlap, 1956)
  • Fyodor Dostoyevsky, The Brothers Karamazov (Grosset & Dunlap, 1956)
  • Benjamin Appel, We Were There in the Klondike Gold Rush (Grosset & Dunlap, 1956)
  • W. R. Burnett, Pale Moon (Knopf, 1956)
  • Leonard Bishop, Creep Into Thy Narrow Bed (Pyramid G206, 1956)
  • Erskine Caldwell, Georgia Boy (Grosset & Dunlap, 1957)
  • Erskine Caldwell, God's Little Acre (Grosset & Dunlap, 1957)
  • Erskine Caldwell, The Sure Hand of God (Grosset & Dunlap, 1957)
  • Erskine Caldwell, Tobacco Road (Grosset & Dunlap, 1957)
  • Erskine Caldwell, Tragic Ground (Grosset & Dunlap, 1957)
  • Maria Bellonci, The Life And Times of Lucrezia Borgia (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1957)
  • Zsolt de Harsanyi, The Star-Gazer (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1957)
  • Mary Freeman, D. H. Lawrence: A Basic Study of His Ideas (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1957)
  • Herman Melville, The Shorter Novels (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1957)
  • Lloyd Lewis, Myths after Lincoln (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1957)
  • Henrik Ibsen, Four Plays of Henrik Ibsen (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1957)

  • Benjamin Appel, We Were There at the Battle for Bataan (Grosset & Dunlap, 1957)
  • William Goldman, The Temple of Gold (Knopf, 1957)
  • Ercole Patti, A Roman Affair (William Sloane, 1957)
  • Vinnie Williams, The Fruit Tramp (Harper, 1957)
  • Francis Steegmuller, Maupassant: A Lion on the Path (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1958)
  • James Mitchell, The Lady is Waiting (Morrow, 1958)
  • Elizabeth Cadell, Shadows on the Water (Morrow, 1958)
  • Marjorie G. Fribourg, Benkei the Boy-Giant (Sterling, 1958)
  • Marjorie G. Fribourg, Bimo: Young Hero of Japan (Sterling, 1958)
  • Ben Botkin and Carl Withers, The Illustrated Book of American Folklore (Grosset & Dunlap, 1958)
  • Richard Bissell, Say, Darling (Atlantic / Little, Brown, 1958)
  • Monica Stirling, Sigh for a Strange Land (Little, Brown, 1958)
  • John Coates, The Widow’s Tale (William Sloane, 1958)
  • Pauline Rush Evans, Good Housekeeping's Best Book of Mystery Stories (Good Housekeeping Magazine, 1958)
  • Lillian and Godfrey Frankel, A Scrapbook of Real-Life Stories for Young People (Sterling, 1958)
  • Christine Noble Govan and Emmy West, Mystery of the Vanishing Stamp (Sterling, 1958)
  • Christine Noble Govan and Emmy West, Mystery at the Haunted House (Sterling, 1959)

  • Christine Noble Govan and Emmy West, Mystery at Plum Nelly (Sterling, 1959)
  • Christine Noble Govan and Emmy West, Mystery at Fearsome Lake (Sterling, 1960)
  • Christine Noble Govan and Emmy West, Mystery at Rock City (Sterling, 1960)
  • Christine Noble Govan and Emmy West, Mystery at the Snowed-In Cabin (Sterling, 1961)
  • Christine Noble Govan and Emmy West, Mystery at the Echoing Cave (Sterling, 1965)
  • John Dickson Carr, Scandal at High Chimneys (Harper, 1959)
  • General de Caulaincourt, With Napoleon in Russia (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1959)
  • August Strindberg, Letters of Strindberg to Harriet Bosse (Grosset & Dunlap Universal Library, 1959)
  • Margery Sharp, The Eye Of Love (Little, Brown, 1959)
  • James Wellard, The Affair In Arcady (Reynal, 1959)
  • Dorothy Lee, Freedom and Culture: A Unique View of the Individual in His Society (Prentice Hall, 1959)
  • Willa Gibbs, The Dedicated: A Novel of Two Doctors (Morrow, 1959)
  • Julian Mayfield, The Hit (Pocket 1229, 1959)
  • Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh (Washington Square Press W561, 1959)
  • Francoise des Ligneris, Psyche 59 (Avon T-482, 1959)
  • Francoise des Ligneris, Fort Frederick (Avon #T-456, 1960)
  • Helen McCloy, The Slayer and the Slain (1960)
  • Muse A. Norcross, Li-Ho of the Boat People (Franklin Watts, 1960)
  • Alexander Rose, Four Horse Players are Missing (Coward-McCann, 1960)
  • Charmian Clift, Walk to the Paradise Gardens (Harper, 1960)
  • Alice Ekert-Rotholz, A Net of Gold (Viking, 1960)
  • Murray Gitlin, All the Voices (Coward-McCann, 1960)
  • Louis Vaczek, The Troubadour (William Sloane, 1960)
  • Marjorie Vetter, Journey for Jennifer (Scholastic, 1960)
  • Edgar Allan Poe, Ten Great Mysteries, ed. Groff Conklin (Scholastic T-210, 1960)
  • Edgar Allan Poe, Eight Tales of Terror (Scholastic T-290, 1961)
  • Lawrence Williams, The Fiery Furnace (Avon T-497, 1961)
  • Jose Luis De Vilallonga, The Man of Blood (Berkley Medallion G503, 1961)

  • Peter Elstob, Warriors for the Working Day (Coward-McCann, 1961)
  • Guy de Maupassant, Contes Choisis (Doubleday, 1961)
  • Elliott Arnold, Brave Jimmy Stone (Knopf, 1962)
  • Ervin Seale, Learn to Live: The Meaning of the Parables (Morrow, 1962)
  • Anne Colver, Abraham Lincoln for the People (Scholastic TW359, 1962)
  • Philip Van Doren Stern, Great Ghost Stories (Washington Square Press 592, 1962)
  • Mary MacEwan, ed., Stories of Suspense (Scholastic T 487, 1963)
  • Robert A. Heinlein, Glory Road (Putnam, 1963)
  • Robert A. Heinlein, Podkayne of Mars (Putnam, 1963)
  • Robert A. Heinlein, Farnham's Freehold (Putnam, 1964)
  • Robert A. Heinlein, Orphans of the Sky (Putnam, 1964)
  • Robert A. Heinlein, The Moon is a Harsh Mistress (Putnam, 1966)
  • Robert Arthur, Ghosts and More Ghosts (Random House, 1963)
  • Roger Fulford, George the Fourth (Capricorn CAP 78, 1963)
  • Dorothy M. Fraser, Discovering Our World's History (American Book Company, 1964)
  • Charlotte Jay, A Hank of Hair (Harper, 1964)
  • Oscar Pinkus, Friends & Lovers (Midwood Tower 347, 1964)
  • Alan Riefe, Tales of Horror (Scholastic 10063, 1965)
  • James Blish, Mission to the Heart Stars (Putnam, 1965)
  • Jakov Lind, Soul of Wood and Other Stories (Crest R897, 1966)
  • Daoma Winston, The Wakefield Witches (Award 0185, 1966)


Record albums

  • Ellabelle Davis, Ellabelle Davis Sings Negro Spirituals (Camden LPS 182, 1950)
  • Prince Onago & Princess Muana & Native Drummers of the Belgian Congo: The Drums of Africa (20th Century Fox FOX 3000, 1959)
  • Djamal Aslan, Lebanon: Her Heart, Her Sounds (20th Century Fox FOX 3001, 1959)
  • Nina Dova, Child of the Sun: Songs from the Torrid Zone (20th Century Fox FOX 3014, 1959)
  • Enrico Simonetti Orchestra, Bravissimo! (20th Century Fox FOX 3015, 1959)
  • Hugo Montenegro with 20th Century Strings, 20th Century Strings, Volume 1 (20th Century Fox FOX 3018, 1959)
  • Glenn Miller & His Orchestra, Original Film Soundtracks, Volume 1 (20th Century Fox FOX 3020, 1959)
  • Glenn Miller & His Orchestra, Original Film Soundtracks, Volume 2 (20th Century Fox FOX 3021, 1959)
  • Tommy Dorsey and His Greatest Band Vol. 1 (20th Century Fox FOX 3022, 1959)
  • Tommy Dorsey and His Greatest Band Vol. 2 (20th Century Fox FOX 3023, 1959)
  • Woof Whistler & His Terriers, "Woof" (20th Century Fox FOX 3024, 1960)
  • Al Martino, Al Martino (20th Century Fox FOX 3025, 1960)
  • The Dixie Double-Cats, Is It True What They Say About Dixie? (20th Century Fox FOX 3027, 1960)
  • The Dew Drops, Rain (20th Century Fox FOX 3028, 1960)
  • Art Tatum, Discoveries (20th Century Fox FOX 3029/SFX 3029, 1960)
  • Hugo Montenegro with 20th Century Strings, Great Standards: The 20th Century Strings, Volume 3 (20th Century Fox FOX 3030, 1960)
  • Art Tatum, Piano Discoveries (20th Century Fox FOX 3033/SFX 3033, 1960)
  • Jon Ern and the Olympic Festival Orchestra, Songs of the Olympic Years (20th Century Fox FOX 3042, 1961)
  • Harry Simeone Chorale, The Little Drummer Boy (20th Century Fox TFM 3100, 1963)
  • Harry Fryer and His Orchestra, March Medley (London LPB 197)
  • Richard Strauss, Also Sprach Zarathustra (London LLP 232)
  • Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Symphony No. 6 ("Pathetique") (London LLP 257)
  • Ludwig van Beethoven, Symphony No. 9 (Record of the Month Club, 1956)
  • Serendipity Singers, Love Is a State of Mind (United Artists UAS 6619, 1967)


Magazines (partial list)

  • Ace
  • All Girls
  • Amazing
  • Applause
  • Boy's Life
    Boy's Life
    Boy's Life is a 1991 novel by New York Times bestselling author Robert R. McCammon. It received the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel in 1992....

  • Calling All Girls
  • Cavalcade"
  • Children's Digest
  • Christian Herald
  • Collier's
    Collier's Weekly
    Collier's Weekly was an American magazine founded by Peter Fenelon Collier and published from 1888 to 1957. With the passage of decades, the title was shortened to Collier's....

  • Compact
  • Coronet
    Coronet (magazine)
    Coronet was a general interest digest magazine published from October 13, 1936, to March 1971 and ran for 299 issues. The magazine was owned by Esquire and published by David A. Smart from 1936 to 1961.-Typical issue:...

  • Creepy
    Creepy
    Creepy was an American horror-comics magazine launched by Warren Publishing in 1964. Like Mad, it was a black-and-white newsstand publication in a magazine format and thus did not require the approval or seal of the Comics Code Authority. The anthology magazine was initially published quarterly but...

  • Escapade
  • Every Woman
  • Family Weekly (Chicago)
  • Galaxy Science Fiction
    Galaxy Science Fiction
    Galaxy Science Fiction was an American digest-size science fiction magazine, published from 1950 to 1980. It was founded by an Italian company, World Editions, which was looking to break in to the American market. World Editions hired as editor H. L...

  • Gent
  • Gourmet
    Gourmet (magazine)
    Gourmet magazine was a monthly publication of Condé Nast and the first U.S. magazine devoted to food and wine. Founded by Earle R. MacAusland and first published in 1941, Gourmet also covered "good living" on a wider scale....

  • Harpers
  • Hi-Life
  • High
  • House Beautiful
  • Life Magazine
  • Management Review
  • Mineral Digest
  • Monsieur
  • Nugget
  • Pageant
  • Parent's Magazine
  • Playboy
  • Redbook
    Redbook
    Redbook is an American women's magazine published by the Hearst Corporation. It is one of the "Seven Sisters", a group of women's service magazines.-History:...

  • Rex
  • The Saint Mystery Magazine
  • Snowflake
  • Suburbia (Chicago)
  • Tween
  • Westminster
  • Women of Italy
  • Women of the Orient
  • Young Americans

External links

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