Irsina
Encyclopedia
Irsina is a town and comune
in the province of Matera
, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata
.
The economy is mostly based on agriculture, with the production of cereals and wine.
Irsina sits on the border between the regions of Puglia and Basilicata, with the Council of Materia. The population is about 5000 people, about 2000 families. The geography of the town is very simple. There is a medieval part with narrow streets, small squares and cobbled roads. The new town is joined to the old via a main street which has now become the commercial focus, small bars, a few restaurants, small shops and mostly housing.
Once known as Montepeloso, Irsina sits on the top of a hill at around 550 meters above sea level and enjoys panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. Visitors are immediately struck by the ancient walls embracing the historical centre, the watch towers, the elegant buildings, the small churches, the narrow alleyways and the old gates to the town.
Irsina has been an area of settlement for many thousands of years. It became a fortified town in medieval times and has belonged to some of the most powerful families in Italy. Irsina's strategic position saw the struggle for dominance alternate between the Normans, Swabians, Angevins and Aragòns and consequently, was often destroyed and rebuilt in the process.
The village is one hour from Bari Airport (Ryanair
), and hour and a half from Brindisi airport, (also Ryanair
). It is 1 hour from the beach, and thirty minutes from the bustling town of Matera. This UNESCO protected town is where Mel Gibson filmed his film the passion of Christ. The idyllic countryside is interspersed with rivers, lakes, fields, woods and archaeological ruins.
The medieval part of Irsina is a labyrinth of cobblestone roads winding and opening up into little squares with breathtaking views over the vast countryside. It is an agricultural town. Churches and fountains are familiar landmarks. The town boasts an important 13th Century cathedral which was partly rebuilt at the end of the 18th Century. The remains of a Norman castle have since been incorporated into the crypt of the former monastery of San Francesco.
Around the more modern part of the village café’s and shops painted in warm hues of beige, rose-petal and yellow snugly sit beside each other beckoning you to come inside. The whole village is perched on a hill overlooking Italy’s grain plateau – in fact, the area produces a lot of the grain used to make pasta in the whole of Italy.
The old festival of Piety is celebrated in the centre of Irsina on the last Sunday of May. In the past, the procession started from the small church of the Madonna della Pietà, near the allotments just outside the town, and ended at the Cathedral. The game 'pizzicanto' is still played where two teams of young locals form a human pyramid and move along the streets in circular movements, enlivening the followers with a traditional song sung in local dialect. Those on top sing: 'You underneath, be careful not to drop us. If you make us fall we'll give you a good beating'. Those below respond: 'You on top, hold yourselves up properly. If you fall, we'll give you a good beating'. The game repeats itself when the team looses balance and the pyramid collapses. In the past, the trade of the participants, farmers, bricklayers etc divided teams. This tradition also exists in parts of Spain.
The festival of Saint Roch (Sand’Rocc) is unique to Irsina. Every year on the 15th August (a national holiday known as 'Ferragosto'), woman in the old town of Irsina prepare small altars in their basements, garages and cellars, in honour of the Saint from Montpellier, to be visited from the evening of the 15th until dawn of the 17th August.
For two nights locals stay awake, singing nursery rhymes, in dialect, that recount of the life and miracles of Saint Roch. To the sound of the accordion, traditional dances such as the 'tarantella', 'mazurka' and 'quadriglia' are alternated, with the occasional modern dance. Spectators can admire the spotless sheets and finely embroidered tablecloths that would have been completed by the old woman in their youth, and are used just for this occasion. On the altar, images and small statues of the Saint are positioned, whilst the rooms are decorated with plants, typical handicrafts and perfumed with basil herbs.
During the vigil for Saint Roch on the night of 15th August, in between the dancing and singing, 'i pettl', or savoury doughnuts are fried in the garages and cellars alongside the revellers. There is also a prize for the best decorated altar, a lamb.
The festival of Saint Eufemia is the oldest and most poignant tradition of Irsina. It is an annual event from the 14th-17th September with the most important day being the 16th, when a procession of representatives from the civil and military authorities, together with the Festival Committee, enter the Cathedral and deliver the keys of the town to the Bishop. The subsequent handing over of these keys from the Bishop to the custodian of Irsina, Saint Eufemia, is always a moving moment for the crowds.
A long street procession then takes place where faithful followers of Saint Eufemia carry an image of the Saint, the relic of her arm and the icon of Saint Mary of the Divine Providence (Maria S.S. Madre della Divina Provvidenza) to the streets of Irsina. The celebrations continue with fireworks displays, brass band concerts and marches, street lighting and on the last day, a pop concert.
Comune
In Italy, the comune is the basic administrative division, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality.-Importance and function:...
in the province of Matera
Province of Matera
The Province of Matera is a province in the Basilicata region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Matera.It has an area of 3,447 km², and a total population of 203,837 . There are 31 comunes in the province . The main comunes by population are:- External links :* **...
, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata
Basilicata
Basilicata , also known as Lucania, is a region in the south of Italy, bordering on Campania to the west, Apulia to the north and east, and Calabria to the south, having one short southwestern coastline on the Tyrrhenian Sea between Campania in the northwest and Calabria in the southwest, and a...
.
The economy is mostly based on agriculture, with the production of cereals and wine.
The Village of Irsina and the Surrounding Countryside
Irsina sits on the border between the regions of Puglia and Basilicata, with the Council of Materia. The population is about 5000 people, about 2000 families. The geography of the town is very simple. There is a medieval part with narrow streets, small squares and cobbled roads. The new town is joined to the old via a main street which has now become the commercial focus, small bars, a few restaurants, small shops and mostly housing.
Irsina Today
Once known as Montepeloso, Irsina sits on the top of a hill at around 550 meters above sea level and enjoys panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. Visitors are immediately struck by the ancient walls embracing the historical centre, the watch towers, the elegant buildings, the small churches, the narrow alleyways and the old gates to the town.
Irsina has been an area of settlement for many thousands of years. It became a fortified town in medieval times and has belonged to some of the most powerful families in Italy. Irsina's strategic position saw the struggle for dominance alternate between the Normans, Swabians, Angevins and Aragòns and consequently, was often destroyed and rebuilt in the process.
The village is one hour from Bari Airport (Ryanair
Ryanair
Ryanair is an Irish low-cost airline. Its head office is at Dublin Airport and its primary operational bases at Dublin Airport and London Stansted Airport....
), and hour and a half from Brindisi airport, (also Ryanair
Ryanair
Ryanair is an Irish low-cost airline. Its head office is at Dublin Airport and its primary operational bases at Dublin Airport and London Stansted Airport....
). It is 1 hour from the beach, and thirty minutes from the bustling town of Matera. This UNESCO protected town is where Mel Gibson filmed his film the passion of Christ. The idyllic countryside is interspersed with rivers, lakes, fields, woods and archaeological ruins.
About Town
The medieval part of Irsina is a labyrinth of cobblestone roads winding and opening up into little squares with breathtaking views over the vast countryside. It is an agricultural town. Churches and fountains are familiar landmarks. The town boasts an important 13th Century cathedral which was partly rebuilt at the end of the 18th Century. The remains of a Norman castle have since been incorporated into the crypt of the former monastery of San Francesco.
Around the more modern part of the village café’s and shops painted in warm hues of beige, rose-petal and yellow snugly sit beside each other beckoning you to come inside. The whole village is perched on a hill overlooking Italy’s grain plateau – in fact, the area produces a lot of the grain used to make pasta in the whole of Italy.
Festival of Piety, Pizzicanto (Last weekend in May)
The old festival of Piety is celebrated in the centre of Irsina on the last Sunday of May. In the past, the procession started from the small church of the Madonna della Pietà, near the allotments just outside the town, and ended at the Cathedral. The game 'pizzicanto' is still played where two teams of young locals form a human pyramid and move along the streets in circular movements, enlivening the followers with a traditional song sung in local dialect. Those on top sing: 'You underneath, be careful not to drop us. If you make us fall we'll give you a good beating'. Those below respond: 'You on top, hold yourselves up properly. If you fall, we'll give you a good beating'. The game repeats itself when the team looses balance and the pyramid collapses. In the past, the trade of the participants, farmers, bricklayers etc divided teams. This tradition also exists in parts of Spain.
Festival of Saint Roch, (15 – 17 August)
The festival of Saint Roch (Sand’Rocc) is unique to Irsina. Every year on the 15th August (a national holiday known as 'Ferragosto'), woman in the old town of Irsina prepare small altars in their basements, garages and cellars, in honour of the Saint from Montpellier, to be visited from the evening of the 15th until dawn of the 17th August.
For two nights locals stay awake, singing nursery rhymes, in dialect, that recount of the life and miracles of Saint Roch. To the sound of the accordion, traditional dances such as the 'tarantella', 'mazurka' and 'quadriglia' are alternated, with the occasional modern dance. Spectators can admire the spotless sheets and finely embroidered tablecloths that would have been completed by the old woman in their youth, and are used just for this occasion. On the altar, images and small statues of the Saint are positioned, whilst the rooms are decorated with plants, typical handicrafts and perfumed with basil herbs.
During the vigil for Saint Roch on the night of 15th August, in between the dancing and singing, 'i pettl', or savoury doughnuts are fried in the garages and cellars alongside the revellers. There is also a prize for the best decorated altar, a lamb.
Festival of Saint Eufemia, (14 – 17 September)
The festival of Saint Eufemia is the oldest and most poignant tradition of Irsina. It is an annual event from the 14th-17th September with the most important day being the 16th, when a procession of representatives from the civil and military authorities, together with the Festival Committee, enter the Cathedral and deliver the keys of the town to the Bishop. The subsequent handing over of these keys from the Bishop to the custodian of Irsina, Saint Eufemia, is always a moving moment for the crowds.
A long street procession then takes place where faithful followers of Saint Eufemia carry an image of the Saint, the relic of her arm and the icon of Saint Mary of the Divine Providence (Maria S.S. Madre della Divina Provvidenza) to the streets of Irsina. The celebrations continue with fireworks displays, brass band concerts and marches, street lighting and on the last day, a pop concert.
Main sights
- Irsina CathedralIrsina CathedralIrsina Cathedral , formerly Montepeloso Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, located in Irsina in the region of Basilicata, Italy. Since 1977 it has been a co-cathedral of the Archdiocese of Matera-Irsina, and was previously, from 1818, a...
(Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta) was built in the 13th century and rebuilt in 1777. It has a Baroque façade and a Gothic bell tower with mullioned windows. The interior houses a red marble baptismal font, and a marble statue of Saint EuphemiaSaint EuphemiaThe Great Martyr Euphemia , known as the All-praised in the Orthodox Church is a Christian saint, who was martyred for her faith at Chalcedon, c. 304-307 AD.-Hagiography:...
, the town's patron saint (claimed as the only known sculpture by Andrea MantegnaAndrea MantegnaAndrea Mantegna was an Italian painter, a student of Roman archeology, and son in law of Jacopo Bellini. Like other artists of the time, Mantegna experimented with perspective, e.g., by lowering the horizon in order to create a sense of greater monumentality...
) and several canvasses of the 18th century Neapolitan school. - Church of the friary of St. Francis (former castle of Frederick IIFrederick II, Holy Roman EmperorFrederick II , was one of the most powerful Holy Roman Emperors of the Middle Ages and head of the House of Hohenstaufen. His political and cultural ambitions, based in Sicily and stretching through Italy to Germany, and even to Jerusalem, were enormous...
). Dating to the 12th century, it was rebuilt in the 16th century. The crypt has 14th century frescoes of the Umbrian-SieneseSienaSiena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.The historic centre of Siena has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. It is one of the nation's most visited tourist attractions, with over 163,000 international arrivals in 2008...
school portraying the Redeemer, the Incoronation, the Annunciation, the Crucifixion and the Resurrection. - Church of Maria S.S. del Carmine, housing a 17th century painting of the Marriage at CanaMarriage at CanaIn Christianity, the transformation of water into wine at the Marriage at Cana or Wedding at Cana is the first miracle of Jesus in the Gospel of John....
.