Industrial park

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Industrial park

An industrial park or industrial estate is an area of land

Real property

In the common law, real property refers to one of the two main classes of property, the other class being personal property . Real property generally encompasses Estate in land, land improvements resulting from human effort including buildings and machinery sited on land, and various property rights over the preceding....
set aside for industrial

Industry

An industry is the manufacturing of a Good or Service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products....
development

Urban planning

Urban, city, and town planning is the integration of the disciplines of land use planning and transport planning, to explore a very wide range of aspects of the built and social environments of urbanized municipalities and communities....
. Industrial parks are usually located close to transport

Transport

Transport or transportation is the movement of passenger and cargo from one location to another. Transport is performed by various modes of transport, such as aviation, rail transport, road transport, ship transport, cable transport, pipeline transport and space transport....
facilities, especially where more than one transport modalities

Intermodal freight transport

Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of cargo in a containerization or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation , without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes....
coincide: highway

Highway

A highway is a main road intended for travel by the public between important destinations, such as city and towns. Highway designs vary widely and can range from a two-lane road without margins to a multi-lane, grade separated freeway....
s, railroads, airport

Airport

An airport is a location where aircraft such as Fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and Non-rigid airship take off and land. Aircraft may also be stored or maintained at an airport....
s, and navigable

Navigation

Navigation is the process of reading, and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. It is also the term of art used for the specialized knowledge used by navigators to perform navigation tasks....
river

River

A river is a natural stream of water, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, or another stream. In some cases a river flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water....
s. A more "lightweight" version is the business park
Business park

A business park or business estate is an area of land in which many office buildings are grouped together. All of the work that goes on is commerce, not industry or residential....
or office park, which has office

Office

An office is generally a room or other area in which people employment, but may also denote a position within an organization with specific duties attached to it ; the latter is in fact an earlier usage, office as place originally referring to the location of one's duty....
s and light industry, rather than heavy industry.

This idea of setting land aside through this type of zoning

Zoning

Zoning is a device of land use regulation used by local governments in most developed countries . The word is derived from the practice of designating permitted uses of land based on mapped zones which separate one set of land uses from another....
is based on several concepts:

Different industrial parks fulfill these criteria to differing degrees.

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Encyclopedia

An industrial park or industrial estate is an area of land

Real property

Industry

Urban planning

Transport

Intermodal freight transport

Highway

Airport

Navigation

River

Office

Zoning

To be able to concentrate dedicated infrastructure
Infrastructure

Infrastructure can be defined as the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise , or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function....
in a delimited area to reduce the per-business expense of that infrastructure. Such infrastructure includes roadways, railroad sidings, port
Port

||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|}A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually found at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake....
s, high-power electric supplies (often including three-phase power), high-end communications cables, large-volume water
Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
supplies, and high-volume gas
Natural gas

Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills....
lines.
To be able to attract new business by providing an integrated infrastructure in one location.
To set aside industrial uses from urban
Urban area

An urban area is an area with an increased Population density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be city, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlet ....
areas to try to reduce the environmental and social impact of the industrial uses.
To provide for localized environmental controls that are specific to the needs of an industrial area.

Different industrial parks fulfill these criteria to differing degrees. Many small communities have established industrial parks with only access to a nearby highway, and with only the basic utilities and roadways, and with few or no special environmental safeguards.

During the 1970s to 1990s, there was a glut

Glut

The word glut may refer to:* Fornj?t, a supposed German translation of Fornj?t from Norse mythology* OpenGL Utility Toolkit, short for 'OpenGL Utility Toolkit', a library of utilities for OpenGL computer programs...
of industrial park development in the United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, resulting today in vast areas of industrial parks that sit idle and unsuited to other uses. This trend has been criticized as being a sort of "cargo cult

Cargo cult

A cargo cult may appear in tribal societies in the wake of interaction with technologically advanced, non-native cultures. The cult is focused on obtaining the material wealth of the advanced culture through magical thinking, religious rituals and practices, believing that the wealth was intended for them by their deity and ancestors....
", from the wildly optimistic speculation that, if it was built, "they" would come. According to David Brooks

David Brooks

David Brooks is the name of:* David Allen Brooks , American film and television actor who played archaeologist Max Eilerson on the science-fiction television series Crusade...
, one consequence of office parks in the United States is that large numbers of people living in exurbs

Commuter town

A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential, from which most of the workforce commuting out to earn their livelihood. Many commuter towns act as Suburb of a nearby metropolis that workers travel to daily, and many suburbs are commuter towns....
no longer have contact with urban

Urban area

An urban area is an area with an increased Population density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be city, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages and hamlet ....
life.

Industrial parks have also been criticized because of their frequent remoteness of urban areas, one of the characteristics that has been touted as a benefit. One reason for this specific criticism is that industrial parks often destroy productive and valuable agricultural

Agriculture

Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the animal husbandry of domestication animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more Population density and Social stratification societies....
land. Another is that the industrial parks become remote to their employee pool, necessitating longer commutes and limiting employment accessibility for poorer employees. Another reason is that many urban areas have extensive areas of brownfield land

Brownfield land

Brownfields are abandoned or underused industrial and commercial facilities available for re-use. Expansion or redevelopment of such a facility may be complicated by real or perceived environmental contaminations....
that many feel should be the first priority in redeveloping as industrial sites.

In the UK

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
small industrial parks containing multiple units all of the same style are known as trading estates.

Industrial park

See also