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Immune receptor

 

 
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Immune receptor
 
 
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An immune receptor (or immunologic receptor) is a receptor
Receptor (biochemistry)

In biochemistry, a receptor is a protein molecule, embedded in either the plasma membrane or cytoplasm of a cell, to which a mobile signaling molecule may attach....
, usually on a cell membrane
Cell membrane

The cell membrane is the interface between the cellular machinery inside the cell and the fluid outside.It is a semipermeable lipid bilayer found in all cell ....
, which binds to a substance (for example, a cytokine
Cytokine

Cytokines are a category of signaling molecules that, like hormones and neurotransmitters, are used extensively in cell communication. They are proteins, peptides or glycoproteins....
) and causes a response in the immune system
Immune system

An immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells....
.

main receptors in the immune system
Immune system

An immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells....
 are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptor

Toll-like receptors are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single membrane-spanning non-catalytic Receptor that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes....
s (TLRs), killer activated and killer inhibitor receptors (KARs and KIRs), complement receptor
Complement receptor

A complement receptor is a receptor of the complement system, a part of the mediated innate immune system. Complement receptors are responsible for detecting pathogens by mechanisms not mediated by antibody....
s, Fc receptors, B cell receptors and T cell receptor
T cell receptor

The T cell receptor or TCR is a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes that is, in general, responsible for recognizing antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules....
s.

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Comparison
Receptor Bind to Function
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) pathogen-associated molecular pattern
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs, are small molecular motifs consistently found on pathogens. They are recognized by toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors in plants and animals....
s (PAMP) 		inflammation
Inflammation

Inflammation is the complex biological response of Blood vessel tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue....
 --> destroying pathogen
Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptor

Toll-like receptors are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single membrane-spanning non-catalytic Receptor that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes....
s (TLRs)		 Mediate cytokine production --> inflammation
Inflammation

Inflammation is the complex biological response of Blood vessel tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue....
 and guiding immune cells to the site
killer activated and killer inhibitor receptors (KARs and KIRs) Avails NK cells to identify abnormal host cells (KAR) or inhibit inappropriate host cell destruction (KIR)
complement receptor
Complement receptor

A complement receptor is a receptor of the complement system, a part of the mediated innate immune system. Complement receptors are responsible for detecting pathogens by mechanisms not mediated by antibody....
s		 complement proteins on e.g.






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Encyclopedia


An immune receptor (or immunologic receptor) is a receptor
Receptor (biochemistry)

In biochemistry, a receptor is a protein molecule, embedded in either the plasma membrane or cytoplasm of a cell, to which a mobile signaling molecule may attach....
, usually on a cell membrane
Cell membrane

The cell membrane is the interface between the cellular machinery inside the cell and the fluid outside.It is a semipermeable lipid bilayer found in all cell ....
, which binds to a substance (for example, a cytokine
Cytokine

Cytokines are a category of signaling molecules that, like hormones and neurotransmitters, are used extensively in cell communication. They are proteins, peptides or glycoproteins....
) and causes a response in the immune system
Immune system

An immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells....
.

Types

The main receptors in the immune system
Immune system

An immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells....
 are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptor

Toll-like receptors are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single membrane-spanning non-catalytic Receptor that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes....
s (TLRs), killer activated and killer inhibitor receptors (KARs and KIRs), complement receptor
Complement receptor

A complement receptor is a receptor of the complement system, a part of the mediated innate immune system. Complement receptors are responsible for detecting pathogens by mechanisms not mediated by antibody....
s, Fc receptors, B cell receptors and T cell receptor
T cell receptor

The T cell receptor or TCR is a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes that is, in general, responsible for recognizing antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules....
s.

Comparison
Receptor Bind to Function
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) pathogen-associated molecular pattern
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs, are small molecular motifs consistently found on pathogens. They are recognized by toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors in plants and animals....
s (PAMP) 		inflammation
Inflammation

Inflammation is the complex biological response of Blood vessel tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue....
 --> destroying pathogen
Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptor

Toll-like receptors are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single membrane-spanning non-catalytic Receptor that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes....
s (TLRs)		 Mediate cytokine production --> inflammation
Inflammation

Inflammation is the complex biological response of Blood vessel tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue....
 and guiding immune cells to the site
killer activated and killer inhibitor receptors (KARs and KIRs) Avails NK cells to identify abnormal host cells (KAR) or inhibit inappropriate host cell destruction (KIR)
complement receptor
Complement receptor

A complement receptor is a receptor of the complement system, a part of the mediated innate immune system. Complement receptors are responsible for detecting pathogens by mechanisms not mediated by antibody....
s		 complement proteins on e.g. microbes Allow phagocytic and B cells to recognize microbes and immune complexes
Fc receptors epitope
Epitope

An epitope, also known as antigenic determinant, is the part of a macromolecule that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibody, B cells, or T cells....
-antibody complexes 		Stimulate phagocytosis
B cell receptors epitope
Epitope

An epitope, also known as antigenic determinant, is the part of a macromolecule that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibody, B cells, or T cells....
s 		B cell differentiation into plasma cells and proliferation
T cell receptor
T cell receptor

The T cell receptor or TCR is a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes that is, in general, responsible for recognizing antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules....
s		 epitopes bound to MHC
Major histocompatibility complex

The major histocompatibility complex is a large genome region or gene family found in most vertebrates. It is the most gene-dense region of the mammalian genome and plays an important role in the immune system, autoimmunity, and reproduction success....
 		 Activate T cells


See also

  • antigen
    Antigen

    An antigen is a substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and can cause an immune response. The word originated from the notion that they can stimulate antibody generation....
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