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a class="link1" onMouseover='showByLink("m2604128",this)' onMouseout='hide("m2604128")'href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Organic_chemistry">organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
, imide is a functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
 consisting of two carbonyl
Carbonyl

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double bond to an oxygen atom : C=O.The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex ; in this situation, carbon is triple-bonded to oxygen : C=O....
 groups bound to nitrogen
Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
. Imides are generally prepared directly from ammonia
Ammonia

Ammonia is a chemical compound with the chemical formula nitrogenhydrogen. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor....
 or a primary amine
Amine

Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a base nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivative s of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups....
, and either carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid

Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the Chemical formula -COH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H....
(s) or acid anhydrides. The structure of the imide moiety
Moiety

Moiety may mean:*A part or half of a molecule *In anthropology, a type of descent group*An Australian Aboriginal kinship*Native Hawaiian realm ruled by a Mo'i or Ali'i...
 is as shown to the left.

In chemical industry
Chemical industry

The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. It is central to modern world economy, converting raw materials into more than 70,000 different products....
, many imides are monomer
Monomer

A monomer is a small molecule that may become Chemistry chemical bonding to other monomers to form a polymer....
s used to make polyimide
Polyimide

Polyimide is a polymer of imide monomers. The structure of imide is as shown.Thermosetting polyimides are commercially available as uncured resins, stock shapes, thin sheets, laminates and machines parts....
s.






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Organic chemistry

In organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
, imide is a functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
 consisting of two carbonyl
Carbonyl

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double bond to an oxygen atom : C=O.The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex ; in this situation, carbon is triple-bonded to oxygen : C=O....
 groups bound to nitrogen
Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
. Imides are generally prepared directly from ammonia
Ammonia

Ammonia is a chemical compound with the chemical formula nitrogenhydrogen. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor....
 or a primary amine
Amine

Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a base nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivative s of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups....
, and either carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid

Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the Chemical formula -COH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H....
(s) or acid anhydrides. The structure of the imide moiety
Moiety

Moiety may mean:*A part or half of a molecule *In anthropology, a type of descent group*An Australian Aboriginal kinship*Native Hawaiian realm ruled by a Mo'i or Ali'i...
 is as shown to the left.

Phthalimide
In chemical industry
Chemical industry

The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. It is central to modern world economy, converting raw materials into more than 70,000 different products....
, many imides are monomer
Monomer

A monomer is a small molecule that may become Chemistry chemical bonding to other monomers to form a polymer....
s used to make polyimide
Polyimide

Polyimide is a polymer of imide monomers. The structure of imide is as shown.Thermosetting polyimides are commercially available as uncured resins, stock shapes, thin sheets, laminates and machines parts....
s. The imides most commonly used for this are based on aromatic dicarboxylic acids of moderately high molecular weight. Such imides contain a heterocyclic
Heterocyclic compound

Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds containing at least one atom of carbon, and at least one element other than carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen within a ring structure....
 ring, shown to the right. This particular imide is phthalimide
Phthalimide

Phthalimide is an imide, which is a chemical compound with two carbonyl groups bound to a primary amine or ammonia. It is a white solid at room temperature....
, the heterocyclic imide of phthalic acid
Phthalic acid

Phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H42. It is an isomer of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid....
. It is an intermediate in the preparation of phthalocyanine dyes. Some phthalimides have luminescent qualities.

The imide functionality is present in the RNA
RNA

Ribonucleic acid is a type of molecule that consists of a long chain of nucleotide units. Each nucleotide consists of a nucleobase, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate....
 nucleotide base uracil
Uracil

Uracil is a common and naturally occurring pyrimidine derivative. Originally discovered in 1900, it was isolated by hydrolysis of yeast nuclein that was found in bovine thymus and spleen, herring, sperm, and wheat germ....
 and the DNA
DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetics instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses....
 nucleotide base thymine
Thymine

Thymine is one of the four bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that make up the letters GCAT. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine always pairs with adenine....
, and participates in Watson-Crick
Watson and Crick

Watson and Crick refers to the duo of James D Watson and Francis Crick who, using x-ray data collected by Rosalind Franklin, proposed the double helix structure of the DNA molecule in 1953....
 hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bond

A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between one electronegative atom and a hydrogen covalently bonded to another electronegative atom. It results from a dipole-dipole force with a hydrogen atom bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine ....
ing, where the hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
 on the imide nitrogen acts as a hydrogen-bond donor and the carbonyl oxygen
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
s act as hydrogen-bond acceptors.

Imides can be prepared in the isoimide-to-imide Mumm rearrangement
Mumm rearrangement

The Mumm rearrangement is an organic reaction and a rearrangement reaction . It describes a 1,3 acyl transfer of an acyl imidate or isoimide group to an imide....
.

Inorganic chemistry


Imide may also refer to the diatomic ion
Polyatomic ion

A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged species composed of two or more atoms Covalent bond or of a complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and Base chemistry or in the formation of salt ....
 NH2-, which is a powerful base
Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
 and will readily abstract two protons from water, yielding the ammonium ion.

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