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The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua
Mantua

Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the Province of Mantua of the same name.Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes created during the 12th century....
 in Northern Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 from 1328 to 1708. See Duchy of Mantua
Duchy of Mantua

The Duchy of Mantua was a duchy in Lombardy, Northern Italy, subject to the Holy Roman Empire....
 for a list of rulers.

In 1433, Gianfrancesco I assumed the title of Marquis
Marquis

Marquis is a French title of nobility. The English equivalent is Marquess, while in German, it is Markgraf.It may also refer to:Persons:...
 of Mantua, and in 1530 Federico II (1500–1540) received the title of Duke
Duke

A duke is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy or a dukedom. The title comes from the Latin language Dux Bellorum, which had the sense of "military commander" and was employed by both the Germanic peoples themselves and by the Ancient Rome authors covering them to r...
 of Mantua. In 1531, the family acquired the Duchy of Monferrato through marriage. Through that foremother, the following Gonzagas inherited also the Byzantine
Byzantine

The word Byzantine may refer to:Topics directly related to the Byzantine Empire* A citizen of Byzantine Empire, or native Greeks during the Middle Ages ....
 ancestry of the Paleologi, that earlier ruling family of Montferrat
Montferrat

Montferrat is part of the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy. It comprises roughly the modern provinces of Province of Alessandria and Province of Asti....
.

A cadet branch of the Mantua Gonzagas became Dukes of Nevers
Nevers

Nevers is a Communes of France in the Ni?vre Departments of France in central France.It is the principal city of the former Provinces of France of Nivernais....
 and Rethel
Counts and dukes of Rethel

This is a list of counts and dukes of Rethel. The first counts of Rethel ruled independently, before the county passed first to the Count of Nevers, then to the Count of Flanders, and finally to the Duke of Burgundy....
 in France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 when Luigi (Louis) di Gonzaga, a younger son of Duke Federico II and Margerita Paleologa, married the heiress.






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The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua
Mantua

Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the Province of Mantua of the same name.Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes created during the 12th century....
 in Northern Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 from 1328 to 1708. See Duchy of Mantua
Duchy of Mantua

The Duchy of Mantua was a duchy in Lombardy, Northern Italy, subject to the Holy Roman Empire....
 for a list of rulers.

In 1433, Gianfrancesco I assumed the title of Marquis
Marquis

Marquis is a French title of nobility. The English equivalent is Marquess, while in German, it is Markgraf.It may also refer to:Persons:...
 of Mantua, and in 1530 Federico II (1500–1540) received the title of Duke
Duke

A duke is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy or a dukedom. The title comes from the Latin language Dux Bellorum, which had the sense of "military commander" and was employed by both the Germanic peoples themselves and by the Ancient Rome authors covering them to r...
 of Mantua. In 1531, the family acquired the Duchy of Monferrato through marriage. Through that foremother, the following Gonzagas inherited also the Byzantine
Byzantine

The word Byzantine may refer to:Topics directly related to the Byzantine Empire* A citizen of Byzantine Empire, or native Greeks during the Middle Ages ....
 ancestry of the Paleologi, that earlier ruling family of Montferrat
Montferrat

Montferrat is part of the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy. It comprises roughly the modern provinces of Province of Alessandria and Province of Asti....
.

A cadet branch of the Mantua Gonzagas became Dukes of Nevers
Nevers

Nevers is a Communes of France in the Ni?vre Departments of France in central France.It is the principal city of the former Provinces of France of Nivernais....
 and Rethel
Counts and dukes of Rethel

This is a list of counts and dukes of Rethel. The first counts of Rethel ruled independently, before the county passed first to the Count of Nevers, then to the Count of Flanders, and finally to the Duke of Burgundy....
 in France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 when Luigi (Louis) di Gonzaga, a younger son of Duke Federico II and Margerita Paleologa, married the heiress. The Gonzaga-Nevers later came to rule Mantua again, when Louis' son Charles (Carlo) inherited Mantua and Montferrat, triggering the War of the Mantuan Succession
War of the Mantuan Succession

The War of the Mantuan Succession was a peripheral part of the Thirty Years' War. Its casus belli was the extinction of the direct male line of the House of Gonzaga in December 1627....
.

Another cadet branch were first sovereign Counts, later Dukes of Guastalla. They descended from Ferrante
Ferrante Gonzaga

Ferrante I Gonzaga was an Italy condottiero, a member of the House of Gonzaga and the first of the branch of the Gonzaga of Guastalla.The third son of Francesco II Gonzaga and Isabella d'Este, at the age of sixteen he was sent to the court of Spain as a page to the future emperor Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, to whom Ferrante remained fai...
, a younger son of Duke Francesco II
Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua

Francesco II Gonzaga was the ruler of the Italy city of Mantua from 1484 until his death....
 of Mantua (1484–1519). Ferrante's grandson, Ferrante II
Ferrante II Gonzaga

Ferrante II Gonzaga was Count of Guastalla and since 1621 Duke of Guastalla.He was the son of Cesare I Gonzaga, Count of Guastalla and Duke of Amalfi and Camilla Borromeo....
, also played a role in the War of the Mantuan Succession
War of the Mantuan Succession

The War of the Mantuan Succession was a peripheral part of the Thirty Years' War. Its casus belli was the extinction of the direct male line of the House of Gonzaga in December 1627....
.

Ludwika Maria Gonzaga
Ludwika Maria Gonzaga

Marie Louise Gonzaga de Nevers was Queen consort to two King of Poland: Wladyslaw IV, and Jan II Kazimierz. She was born 18 August 1611 in Paris to Prince Charles I, Duke of Mantua and Catherine de Guise, princess of the France province of Maine ....
, daughter of prince Charles Gonzaga
Charles Gonzaga

Charles Gonzaga may refer to:* Carlo Gonzaga of Milan , Lord of Sabbioneta* Carlo Gonzaga , Italian military leader* Carlo I Gonzaga, or Charles I, Duke of Mantua , Lord of Montferrat, Duke of Nevers, Duke of Mayenne...
-Nevers, was a Polish
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
 queen consort
Queen consort

A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning Monarch. Queens consort usually share their husbands' Royal and noble ranks and hold the feminine equivalent of their husbands' monarchical titles....
 from 1645 to her death in 1667.

Two daughters of the house, both confusingly named Eleanor Gonzaga, became Holy Roman Empresses, by marrying Emperors Ferdinand II of Germany and Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor

Ferdinand III was Holy Roman Emperor February 15, 1637 – 1657. King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, King of the Romans....
, respectively. From the latter Empress Eleanor, the today heirs of the Gonzaga descend, as explained in inheritance pattern leading to Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
Leopold, Duke of Lorraine

'Leopold Joseph' called le bon , , was Duke of Lorraine from 1690 to his death.Before 1697 and from 1702 to 1714, his duchy was occupied by France....
.

Family tree


Francesco II (1484-1519) | |--------------------------------------------------------------| | | Federico II (1519-40) Ferrante of Guastalla | | (1539-57) |-------------------------|--------------------------| | | | | | Francesco III (1540-50) Guglielmo I (1550-87)Louis of Nevers (1581-95)Cesare I of Guastalla | | | (1557-75) | | | | | | Vincenzo I (1587-1612) Charles III of Nevers (1595-37) Ferrante II of Guastalla | /Carlo I of Mantua (1627-37) | (1575-1630) |----------------|---------------| | || | | Francesco IV Ferdinando I Vincenzo II Cesare II of Guastalla (1612)(1612-26)(1626-27) (1630-32) The branches of the Gonzaga family, showing the main line in bold (Dukes of Mantua), the Nevers line in italics (Dukes of Nevers and Rethel) and the Guastalla line to the right.

Bibliography


External links