HIV Ribosomal frameshift signal
Encyclopedia
The HIV ribosomal frameshift signal is an RNA element
. HIV
uses a system called −1 ribosomal frameshifting
to produce the required ratio of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins. The stem-loop
structure of the frameshift signal is thought to impede the ribosome and cause slippage in the 5' direction, this causes the −1 frameshift and translation
then continues in the new frame.
Cis-regulatory element
A cis-regulatory element or cis-element is a region of DNA or RNA that regulates the expression of genes located on that same molecule of DNA . This term is constructed from the Latin word cis, which means "on the same side as". These cis-regulatory elements are often binding sites for one or...
. HIV
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome , a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive...
uses a system called −1 ribosomal frameshifting
Translational frameshift
Translational frameshifting or ribosomal frameshifting refers to an alternate process of protein translation. A protein is translated from one end of the mRNA to the other, from the 5' to the 3' end. Normally a protein is translated from a template mRNA with consecutive blocks of 3 nucleotides...
to produce the required ratio of Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins. The stem-loop
Stem-loop
Stem-loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that can occur in single-stranded DNA or, more commonly, in RNA. The structure is also known as a hairpin or hairpin loop. It occurs when two regions of the same strand, usually complementary in nucleotide sequence when read in opposite directions,...
structure of the frameshift signal is thought to impede the ribosome and cause slippage in the 5' direction, this causes the −1 frameshift and translation
Translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. Whereas interpreting undoubtedly antedates writing, translation began only after the appearance of written literature; there exist partial translations of the Sumerian Epic of...
then continues in the new frame.