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Grand Duke of Luxembourg
 
 
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The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign
Sovereign

Sovereign may refer to:*Sovereignty, a philosophical concept or state*Sovereign *Sovereign Hill, Victoria, Australia*Lady Sovereign, a female MC and performing artist for Def Jam Recordings...
 monarch and head of state
Head of State

Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchic or republican nation-state, federation, commonwealth or any other political state....
 of Luxembourg
Luxembourg

Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a small landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany....
. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy
Grand duchy

A grand duchy is a territory whose head of state is a Grand Duke or Grand Duchess.The only grand duchy in existence today is Luxembourg. It has been a grand duchy since 1815 when the Netherlands became an independent kingdom and Luxembourg was handed over to the King of the Netherlands, William I of the Netherlands....
 since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy
Duchy

A duchy is a territory, fiefdom, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereignty in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era ....
 when placed in personal union
Personal union

A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states are governed by the same monarch, while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct....
 with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands
United Kingdom of the Netherlands

United Kingdom of the Netherlands was the unofficial name used to refer to a new unified European state created from part of the First French Empire during the Congress of Vienna in 1815....
. Since then, there have been nine Grand Dukes, including the current incumbent, Henri I
Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

}|}Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the head of state of Luxembourg. He is the eldest son of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Princess Jos?phine-Charlotte of Belgium....
.

Luxembourgian constitution
Constitution of Luxembourg

The Constitution of Luxembourg is the supreme law of the Luxembourg. The modern constitution was adopted on 17 October 1868.Whilst the constitution of 1868 marked a radical change in Luxembourg's constitutional settlement, it was technically an constitutional amendment of the original constitution....
 defines the Grand Duke
Grand Duke

The title grand duke is used in Western Europe and particularly in Germanic languages countries for provincial sovereigns. Grand duke is of a protocolary rank below Monarch but higher than a sovereign duke....
's position:

After a constitutional change in 2008 due to his refusal to sign a law legalizing euthenasia, Grand Duke Henri forfeited his role of signing laws to enact them.

ession to the throne is inherited by Salic law
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
, as dictated by the Nassau Family Pact
Nassau Family Pact

The Nassau Family Pact was a mutual pact of inheritance and succession made in 1783 by princes of the old German noble and sovereign family of House of Nassau....
, first adopted on 30 June 1783.






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The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign
Sovereign

Sovereign may refer to:*Sovereignty, a philosophical concept or state*Sovereign *Sovereign Hill, Victoria, Australia*Lady Sovereign, a female MC and performing artist for Def Jam Recordings...
 monarch and head of state
Head of State

Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchic or republican nation-state, federation, commonwealth or any other political state....
 of Luxembourg
Luxembourg

Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a small landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany....
. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy
Grand duchy

A grand duchy is a territory whose head of state is a Grand Duke or Grand Duchess.The only grand duchy in existence today is Luxembourg. It has been a grand duchy since 1815 when the Netherlands became an independent kingdom and Luxembourg was handed over to the King of the Netherlands, William I of the Netherlands....
 since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy
Duchy

A duchy is a territory, fiefdom, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereignty in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era ....
 when placed in personal union
Personal union

A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states are governed by the same monarch, while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct....
 with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands
United Kingdom of the Netherlands

United Kingdom of the Netherlands was the unofficial name used to refer to a new unified European state created from part of the First French Empire during the Congress of Vienna in 1815....
. Since then, there have been nine Grand Dukes, including the current incumbent, Henri I
Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

}|}Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the head of state of Luxembourg. He is the eldest son of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Princess Jos?phine-Charlotte of Belgium....
.

Constitutional role

The Luxembourgian constitution
Constitution of Luxembourg

The Constitution of Luxembourg is the supreme law of the Luxembourg. The modern constitution was adopted on 17 October 1868.Whilst the constitution of 1868 marked a radical change in Luxembourg's constitutional settlement, it was technically an constitutional amendment of the original constitution....
 defines the Grand Duke
Grand Duke

The title grand duke is used in Western Europe and particularly in Germanic languages countries for provincial sovereigns. Grand duke is of a protocolary rank below Monarch but higher than a sovereign duke....
's position:

After a constitutional change in 2008 due to his refusal to sign a law legalizing euthenasia, Grand Duke Henri forfeited his role of signing laws to enact them.

Succession

Succession to the throne is inherited by Salic law
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
, as dictated by the Nassau Family Pact
Nassau Family Pact

The Nassau Family Pact was a mutual pact of inheritance and succession made in 1783 by princes of the old German noble and sovereign family of House of Nassau....
, first adopted on 30 June 1783. The crown is passed by agnatic-cognatic primogeniture within the House of Nassau
House of Nassau

The House of Nassau is a diversified aristocratic dynasty in Europe. It is named after the lordship associated with Nassau Castle, located in present-day Nassau, Germany, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany....
, as stipulated under the 1815 Final Act
Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815....
 of the Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815....
 and as confirmed by the 1867 Treaty of London. The Nassau Family Pact itself can be amended by the usual legislative process, having been so on 10 July 1907 to exclude the Count of Merenberg
Count of Merenberg

Count of Merenberg is the title bestowed in 1868 by the reigning Prince of Waldeck , George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, upon the morganatic marriage wife and patrilineality descendants of Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau , who married Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina , former wife of Russians General Mikhail Leontievich von Dubelt....
 branch of the House, which was descended from a morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage

A morganatic marriage is a type of marriage which can be contracted in certain countries, usually between people of unequal social rank, which prevents the passage of the husband's titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage....
.

If there is an heir apparent
Heir apparent

An heir apparent is an heir who cannot be displaced from inheriting; the term is used in contrast to heir presumptive, the term for a conditional heir who is currently in line to inherit but could be displaced at any time in the future....
 (which must necessarily be a son of the Grand Duke), he may be granted the style 'Hereditary Grand Duke'. The current heir is Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume
Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Prince Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg , is the eldest child of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg and his wife Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg....
.

Full titles

The current Grand Duke, Jean, bears the full style "by the Grace of God
By the Grace of God

By the Grace of God, as well as the various equivalent phrases in other languages thus rendered in English language,is not a title in its own right, but a common introductory part of the full styles of many Monarchs, preceding the actual princely styles in chief of the specific realm and/or other principalities ....
, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn
Sayn

File:Blason Sayn.svgSayn was a medi?val Germany County located in the Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia. There were two Counties of Sayn: the first County emerged in 1139....
, Königstein
Königstein im Taunus

K?nigstein im Taunus is a climatic spa and lies on the thickly wooded slopes of the Taunus. Owing to its advantageous location for both scenery and transport on the edge of the Frankfurt urban area, K?nigstein is a favourite residential town....
, Katzenelnbogen
Katzenelnbogen

Katzenelnbogen is the name of a castle and small city in the district of Rhein-Lahn-Kreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Katzenelnbogen is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Katzenelnbogen ....
 and Diez
Diez

Diez is a municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is part of the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis. Diez lies north of the Taunus mountains, on the banks of the river Lahn....
, Burgrave of Hammerstein
Hammerstein

Hammerstein is a municipality on the Rhine River in the district of Neuwied in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany....
, Lord of Mahlberg
Mahlberg

Mahlberg is a town in the Ortenaukreis, in western Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany. It is situated 8 km southwest of Lahr....
, Wiesbaden
Wiesbaden

Wiesbaden is a city in southwestern Germany and the capital of the States of Germany of Hesse. It has about 300,400 inhabitants, plus approximately 35,000 United States citizens ....
, Idstein
Idstein

Idstein is a town of about 25,000 inhabitants in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany....
, Merenberg
Merenberg

Merenberg is a community in Limburg-Weilburg district in Hesse, Germany....
, Limburg
Hagen-Hohenlimburg

Hagen-Hohenlimburg , on the Lenne river, is a borough of the city of Hagen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.Hohenlimburg was formerly the chief town of the county of Limburg-Hohenlimburg in medieval Germany, first documentary mentioned 1230, and belonged to the counts of Limburg Stirum....
 and Eppstein
Eppstein

Eppstein is a town in the Main-Taunus, in Hesse, Germany....
." It should, however, be noted that many of the titles are held without regard to the strict rules of salic inheritance
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
.

List of Grand Dukes


Since 1815, there have been seven Grand Dukes of Luxembourg and two Grand Duchesses regnant of Luxembourg:

  • William I
    William I of the Netherlands

    William I Frederick, born Willem Frederik Prins van Oranje-Nassau , was a Prince of Orange and the first King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg....
     (1815 – 1840)
  • William II
    William II of the Netherlands

    William II was King of the Netherlands, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Duchy of Limburg from 7 October 1840 until his death....
     (1840 – 1849)
  • William III
    William III of the Netherlands

    William III was from 1849 King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg until his death and the Duchy of Limburg until the abolition of the Duchy in 1866....
     (1840 – 1890)
  • Adolphe
    Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

    Adolphe I, Grand Duke of Luxembourg was the last Duke of Nassau, and the fourth Grand Duke of Luxembourg.He was a son of Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau and his first wife Charlotte Luise Friederike of Saxe-Altenburg....
     (1890 – 1905)
  • William IV (1905 – 1912)
  • Marie-Adélaďde
    Marie-Adélaďde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg

    |Marie-Ad?la?de, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg was a daughter of Grand Duke Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg of Luxembourg and Marie Anne of Portugal....
     (1912 – 1919)
  • Charlotte
    Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg

    Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg was the second daughter of William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and his wife Marie Anne of Portugal. Her maternal grandparents were Miguel of Portugal and Adelaide of L?wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg....
     (1919 – 1964)
  • Jean
    Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

    Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg ruled Luxembourg from 1964 to 2000. He is the father of the current Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and the son of Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma....
     (1964 – 2000)
  • Henri
    Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

    }|}Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the head of state of Luxembourg. He is the eldest son of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Princess Jos?phine-Charlotte of Belgium....
     (2000 – present)


See also

  • Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg
    Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg

    The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg consists of the extended family of the sovereign Grand Duke.The medieval duchy of Luxembourg was elevated to a grand duchy in 1815; William V, Prince of Orange ascended the grand ducal throne as its first holder....


Footnotes