Giuseppe Avezzana
Encyclopedia
Giuseppe Avezzana was an Italian
soldier who fought in Europe and America.
from 1813 until the fall of the empire, and then, joining the Sardinia
n army, found himself in 1815 arrayed against his old leader, who had made his escape from Elba
. His American career began soon after the restoration of Ferdinand VII to the Spanish
throne in September 1823. Avezzana fought against the restoration, was captured, was held for several weeks as a prisoner, and sailed for America on being set free.
Wherever there was a chance to fight for liberty, Avezzana was at hand, and hardly was he fairly established on American soil when he found himself called upon to defend the state of Tamaulipas
against his old enemies the Spaniards, who invaded the territory under General Barradas
in June 1827. He was obliged to retire at first before superior numbers, but soon rallied a force sufficient to overthrow the invaders, and afterward resumed his peaceful vocations.
In 1832, a revolution was organized by Antonio López de Santa Anna
against the government of Anastasio Bustamante
, and Avezzana was, as always, ready to lead the revolt. Left in command at Tampico
by General Montezuma, who went to stir up the revolutionists elsewhere, he maneuvred so successfully with a small force that they captured three times their number of government troops at Ciudad Victoria
, with artillery and supplies. From this time he gave the enemy no rest, but retrieved the disasters that had befallen Santa Anna and Montezuma, and mainly through his able military leadership the liberal cause triumphed.
Avezzana immediately resigned his command, and in 1834 went into business in New York City
, where he married an Irish lady and led a quiet mercantile life until the revolutions of 1848
fired his patriot blood again, and he promptly responded to the call of Italy. He was absent just a year, and only returned to America after he had fought the Austria
ns and Sardinians at Genoa
, and with a few thousand followers had defended Rome for two months against the allied armies, 100,000 strong. Once he sought refuge on board an American and once on board a British man-of-war, and at last, when the cause of freedom was hopelessly crushed, escaped with his usual good luck to America and resumed his mercantile life in New York.
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
soldier who fought in Europe and America.
Biography
He served under Napoleon INapoleon I
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution.As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815...
from 1813 until the fall of the empire, and then, joining the Sardinia
Sardinia
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is an autonomous region of Italy, and the nearest land masses are the French island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia and the Spanish Balearic Islands.The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *sard[],...
n army, found himself in 1815 arrayed against his old leader, who had made his escape from Elba
Elba
Elba is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino. The largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago, Elba is also part of the National Park of the Tuscan Archipelago and the third largest island in Italy after Sicily and Sardinia...
. His American career began soon after the restoration of Ferdinand VII to the Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
throne in September 1823. Avezzana fought against the restoration, was captured, was held for several weeks as a prisoner, and sailed for America on being set free.
Wherever there was a chance to fight for liberty, Avezzana was at hand, and hardly was he fairly established on American soil when he found himself called upon to defend the state of Tamaulipas
Tamaulipas
Tamaulipas officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Tamaulipas is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 43 municipalities and its capital city is Ciudad Victoria. The capital city was named after Guadalupe Victoria, the...
against his old enemies the Spaniards, who invaded the territory under General Barradas
Isidro Barradas
Isidro Barradas was a Spanish general sent to Mexico in 1829, eight years after Mexican independence, to try to reconquer the country for the Spanish Crown.-The background:...
in June 1827. He was obliged to retire at first before superior numbers, but soon rallied a force sufficient to overthrow the invaders, and afterward resumed his peaceful vocations.
In 1832, a revolution was organized by Antonio López de Santa Anna
Antonio López de Santa Anna
Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón , often known as Santa Anna or López de Santa Anna, known as "the Napoleon of the West," was a Mexican political leader, general, and president who greatly influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and government...
against the government of Anastasio Bustamante
Anastasio Bustamante
Anastasio Bustamante y Oseguera was president of Mexico three times, from 1830 to 1832, from 1837 to 1839 and from 1839 to 1841. He was a Conservative. He first came to power by leading a coup against president Vicente Guerrero...
, and Avezzana was, as always, ready to lead the revolt. Left in command at Tampico
Tampico
Tampico is a city and port in the state of Tamaulipas, in the country of Mexico. It is located in the southeastern part of the state, directly north across the border from Veracruz. Tampico is the third largest city in Tamaulipas, and counts with a population of 309,003. The Metropolitan area of...
by General Montezuma, who went to stir up the revolutionists elsewhere, he maneuvred so successfully with a small force that they captured three times their number of government troops at Ciudad Victoria
Ciudad Victoria
Ciudad Victoria , is the capital city of the Mexican state ofTamaulipas. It is located in the western-central region of the state. Ciudad Victoria is also the municipal seat of the surrounding Victoria Municipality, which covers an area of 1,638 km²...
, with artillery and supplies. From this time he gave the enemy no rest, but retrieved the disasters that had befallen Santa Anna and Montezuma, and mainly through his able military leadership the liberal cause triumphed.
Avezzana immediately resigned his command, and in 1834 went into business in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
, where he married an Irish lady and led a quiet mercantile life until the revolutions of 1848
Revolutions of 1848
The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations, Springtime of the Peoples or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe in 1848. It was the first Europe-wide collapse of traditional authority, but within a year reactionary...
fired his patriot blood again, and he promptly responded to the call of Italy. He was absent just a year, and only returned to America after he had fought the Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
ns and Sardinians at Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
, and with a few thousand followers had defended Rome for two months against the allied armies, 100,000 strong. Once he sought refuge on board an American and once on board a British man-of-war, and at last, when the cause of freedom was hopelessly crushed, escaped with his usual good luck to America and resumed his mercantile life in New York.