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The Gharmi, or Garmi people , originate from the Rasht Valley
Rasht Valley

The Rasht Valley is an administrative and geographic unit of Tajikistan comprising the six districts of Jirgital, Garm, Tajikistan, Ragoun, Tavildara, Tajikabad and Nurabad....
 in central Tajikistan
Tajikistan

Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east....
. From the 1920s to 1955 there was a Gharm oblast
Oblast

Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic peoples countries and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"....
 in Tajikistan, and henceforth people from central Tajikistan were known as Gharmis. During the 1950s many Gharmis were forced to migrate from central Tajikistan to the Vakhsh River Valley
Vakhsh River

The Vakhsh River, also known as the Surkhob and the Kyzyl-Suu , is a Central Asian river, and one of the main rivers of the nation of Tajikistan....
 in western Tajikistan. Gharmis were in large excluded from government positions which were dominated by individuals from Khujand
Khujand

Khujand , also transliterated as Khudzhand, , formerly Khodjend or Khodzhent until 1939 and Leninabad until 1992, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan....
 and Kulob
Kulob

Kulob , also Kulab or Kulyab , is a city in Kulob district, Khatlon, Tajikistan. Located 203 km south-east of the capital Dushanbe on the Yakhsu River , it is one of the largest cities in the country ....
.






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The Gharmi, or Garmi people , originate from the Rasht Valley
Rasht Valley

The Rasht Valley is an administrative and geographic unit of Tajikistan comprising the six districts of Jirgital, Garm, Tajikistan, Ragoun, Tavildara, Tajikabad and Nurabad....
 in central Tajikistan
Tajikistan

Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and People's Republic of China to the east....
. From the 1920s to 1955 there was a Gharm oblast
Oblast

Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic peoples countries and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"....
 in Tajikistan, and henceforth people from central Tajikistan were known as Gharmis. During the 1950s many Gharmis were forced to migrate from central Tajikistan to the Vakhsh River Valley
Vakhsh River

The Vakhsh River, also known as the Surkhob and the Kyzyl-Suu , is a Central Asian river, and one of the main rivers of the nation of Tajikistan....
 in western Tajikistan. Gharmis were in large excluded from government positions which were dominated by individuals from Khujand
Khujand

Khujand , also transliterated as Khudzhand, , formerly Khodjend or Khodzhent until 1939 and Leninabad until 1992, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan....
 and Kulob
Kulob

Kulob , also Kulab or Kulyab , is a city in Kulob district, Khatlon, Tajikistan. Located 203 km south-east of the capital Dushanbe on the Yakhsu River , it is one of the largest cities in the country ....
. Gharmis who settled in Qurghonteppa Oblast
Qurghonteppa Oblast

Qurghonteppa Oblast was an administrative subdivision in Tajikistan until 1992, when it was merged with Kulob Oblast to create Khatlon Province....
 are frequently described as a clan
Clan

A clan is a group of people united by kinship and descent, which is defined by actual or perceived descent from a common ancestor. Even if actual lineage patterns are unknown, clan members may nonetheless recognize a founding member or apical ancestor....
 group that found social niches in education and the marketplace. After Tajikistan became independent in 1991, many Gharmis participated in protests against the government. When the Civil War of Tajikistan broke out in 1992 a large number of Gharmis joined the DPT-IRP
Islamic Renaissance Party

There was a number of movements knowns as Islamic Renaissance Party, the most known being the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan....
 opposition. The organization Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch is a United States based, international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Its headquarters are in New York City....
 among others, reported that Gharmis were targeted for execution, disappearances, mass killings, and Gharmi villages were burnt. During the fall and winter of 1992 as many as 90,000 Gharmis and Pamiris were expelled from their homes and found refugee in Afghanistan
Afghanistan

Afghanistan , officially the Islamic republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia....
 in a campaign described by the United States Department of State
United States Department of State

The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the United States Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States Federal government of the United States, similar to foreign ministries, foreign offices, ministries of external relations, etc....
 as a pogrom
Pogrom

A pogrom is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious, or other, and characterized by the killing and destruction of their homes, businesses, and religious centers....
. This was followed by heavy fighting in the Rasht Valley between government and opposition forces that led to the destruction of villages. There is evidence that rape
Rape

Rape, also referred to as sexual assault, is an assault by a person involving sexual intercourse with or sexual penetration of another person without that person's consent....
 was used by both sides during this campaign.