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Frequency drift
 
 
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In electrical engineering
Electrical engineering

Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism....
, and particularly in telecommunications, frequency drift is an unintended and generally arbitrary
Arbitrary

Arbitrariness is a term given to choices and actions which are considered to be done not by means of any underlying principle or logic, but by whim or some decidedly illogical formula....
 offset
Offset

The term offset may refer to:* Carbon offset* Offset , a number indicating the distance from the start of a data structure object and up to a given element...
 of an oscillator from its nominal
Real versus nominal value

In economics, nominal value refers to any price or value expressed in money of the day, as opposed to real value, which adjusts for the effect of inflation....
 frequency
Frequency

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency....
. This can be caused by changes in temperature
Temperature

In physics, temperature is a physical property of a Physical system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that feels hotter generally has the greater temperature....
, which can alter the piezoelectric effect in a quartz
Quartz

Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust . It is made up of a Crystal structure of silica tetrahedra. Quartz has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale and a density of 2.65 g/cm?....
 crystal
Crystal

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions....
, or by problems with a voltage regulator
Voltage regulator

A voltage regulator is an electricity regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic components....
 which controls the bias voltage to the oscillator.

On a radio
Radio

Radio is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic radiation with frequency below those of visible light.Electromagnetic radiation radio propagation by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space....
 transmitter
Transmitter

For biologic transmitters, see transmitter substance.A transmitter is an Electronics machine which, usually with the aid of an antenna , propagates an electromagnetic radiation Signalling such as radio, television, or other telecommunications....
, frequency drift can cause a radio station
Radio station

This article is about radio broadcasting, for other uses see Radio .Radio broadcasting is an audio broadcasting service, traditionally broadcast through the air as radio waves from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device....
 to drift into an adjacent channel
Adjacent channel

In Broadcastinging an adjacent channel is an Amplitude modulation, FM, or television channel that is next to another channel . First-adjacent is immediately next to another channel, second-adjacent is two channels away, and so forth....
, causing illegal interference
Interference

In physics, interference is the addition of two or more waves that result in a new wave pattern.Interference usually refers to the interaction of waves which are correlated or Coherence with each other, either because they come from the same source or because they have the same or nearly the same frequency....
.






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In electrical engineering
Electrical engineering

Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism....
, and particularly in telecommunications, frequency drift is an unintended and generally arbitrary
Arbitrary

Arbitrariness is a term given to choices and actions which are considered to be done not by means of any underlying principle or logic, but by whim or some decidedly illogical formula....
 offset
Offset

The term offset may refer to:* Carbon offset* Offset , a number indicating the distance from the start of a data structure object and up to a given element...
 of an oscillator from its nominal
Real versus nominal value

In economics, nominal value refers to any price or value expressed in money of the day, as opposed to real value, which adjusts for the effect of inflation....
 frequency
Frequency

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency....
. This can be caused by changes in temperature
Temperature

In physics, temperature is a physical property of a Physical system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold; something that feels hotter generally has the greater temperature....
, which can alter the piezoelectric effect in a quartz
Quartz

Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust . It is made up of a Crystal structure of silica tetrahedra. Quartz has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale and a density of 2.65 g/cm?....
 crystal
Crystal

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions....
, or by problems with a voltage regulator
Voltage regulator

A voltage regulator is an electricity regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic components....
 which controls the bias voltage to the oscillator.

On a radio
Radio

Radio is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic radiation with frequency below those of visible light.Electromagnetic radiation radio propagation by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space....
 transmitter
Transmitter

For biologic transmitters, see transmitter substance.A transmitter is an Electronics machine which, usually with the aid of an antenna , propagates an electromagnetic radiation Signalling such as radio, television, or other telecommunications....
, frequency drift can cause a radio station
Radio station

This article is about radio broadcasting, for other uses see Radio .Radio broadcasting is an audio broadcasting service, traditionally broadcast through the air as radio waves from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device....
 to drift into an adjacent channel
Adjacent channel

In Broadcastinging an adjacent channel is an Amplitude modulation, FM, or television channel that is next to another channel . First-adjacent is immediately next to another channel, second-adjacent is two channels away, and so forth....
, causing illegal interference
Interference

In physics, interference is the addition of two or more waves that result in a new wave pattern.Interference usually refers to the interaction of waves which are correlated or Coherence with each other, either because they come from the same source or because they have the same or nearly the same frequency....
. Because of this, there are usually regulation
Regulation

Regulation refers to "controlling human or societal behaviour by rules or restrictions." Regulation can take many forms: law restrictions promulgated by a government authority, self-regulation, social regulation , co-regulation and market regulation....
s specifying what kind of tolerance
Tolerance (engineering)

Engineering tolerance is the permissible limit of variation in# a physical dimension,# a measured value or physical property of a material, manufacturing object, system, or service,...
 such oscillators must have, in order to be in a device which will be type-accepted. A temperature-compensate
Compensation (engineering)

we are from fire team.......................In engineering, compensation is planning for unintened consequences or other unintended issues in a design....
d, voltage-controlled crystal oscillator (TCVCXO) is normally used for FM.

On the receiver
Receiver (radio)

This article is about a radio receiver, for other uses see Radio .A radio receiver is an electronics circuit that receives its input from an antenna , uses electronic filters to separate a wanted radio signal from all other signals picked up by this antenna, electronic amplifier it to a level suitable for further processing, and finally...
 side, frequency drift was mainly a problem in early tuner
Tuner (electronics)

A tuner is a circuit module or free-standing equipment which detects radio-frequency Signal usually of low amplitude and amplifier them and converts them to a form suitable for further processing....
s, particularly for analog
Analog signal

An analog or analogue signal is any continuous function Signal for which the time varying feature of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e analogous to another time varying signal....
 dial tuning
Tuning

Tuning can refer to:*Musical tuning**Guitar tunings**Piano tuning*Radio tuning: see tuner*Tuning properties of neurons: see neuronal tuning...
, and especially on FM, which exhibits a capture effect
Capture effect

In telecommunication, the capture effect, or FM capture effect, is a phenomenon associated with FM reception in which only the stronger of two signals at, or near, the same frequency will be demodulation....
. However, the invention
Invention

An invention is the creation of a new configuration, composition of matter, device, or process. Some inventions are based on pre-existing models or ideas....
 of the phase-locked loop
Phase-locked loop

A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop is a control system that generates a Signal that has a fixed relation to the phase of a "reference" signal....
 (PLL) essentially eliminates the drift issue. For transmitters, a numerically-controlled oscillator
Numerically-controlled oscillator

A numerically controlled oscillator is an electronic system for synthesizing a range of frequencies from a fixed timebase. The name is an analogy with "voltage-controlled oscillator"....
 (NCO) also does not have problems with drift.

It should be noted that this differs from Doppler shift, which is a perceived difference in frequency, even though the source is still producing the same wavelength
Wavelength

In physics, wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a propagating wave of a given frequency. It is commonly designated by the Greek language letter lambda ....
, because the source is moving. It also differs from frequency deviation
Frequency deviation

Frequency deviation is used in Frequency modulation to describe the maximum instantaneous difference between an FM modulated frequency and the Center frequency....
, which is the inherent and necessary result of modulation
Modulation

In telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a Periodic function waveform, i.e. a tone, in order to use that signal to convey a message, in a similar fashion as a musician may modulate the tone from a musical instrument by varying its volume, timing and Pitch ....
 in both FM and phase modulation
Phase modulation

Phase modulation is a form of modulation that represents information as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave.Unlike its more popular counterpart, frequency modulation , PM is not very widely used....
.