François Marie Daudin
Encyclopedia
François Marie Daudin was a French
zoologist.
With legs paralyzed by childhood disease, he studied of physics
and natural history
, but ended up being devoted to the latter.
Daudin wrote (Natural History of Birds) in 1799–1800. It was one of the first modern handbooks of ornithology
, combining Linnean binomial nomenclature
with the anatomical and physiological descriptions of Buffon
. Unfortunately, while an excellent beginning, it was never completed.
In 1800, he also published Recueil de mémoires et de notes sur des espèces inédites ou peu connues de mollusques, de vers et de zoophytes (Collection of memories and notes on new or little-known species of molluscs, worm
s and zoophyte
s).
Daudin found his greatest success in herpetology
. He published Histoire naturelle des reinettes, des grenouilles et des crapauds (Natural history of tree frog
s, frog
s and toad
s) in 1802, and Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des reptiles (Natural History of Reptiles) (8 volumes) in 1802–1803. This latter work contained descriptions of 517 species, many for the first time, based on examining over 1100 specimens.
He was assisted by his wife Adèle, who drew the illustrations, but his books were commercial failures and the couple lived in poverty. She died of tuberculosis
in early 1804, and he followed shortly thereafter, not yet 30 years old.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
zoologist.
With legs paralyzed by childhood disease, he studied of physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
and natural history
Natural history
Natural history is the scientific research of plants or animals, leaning more towards observational rather than experimental methods of study, and encompasses more research published in magazines than in academic journals. Grouped among the natural sciences, natural history is the systematic study...
, but ended up being devoted to the latter.
Daudin wrote (Natural History of Birds) in 1799–1800. It was one of the first modern handbooks of ornithology
Ornithology
Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the study of birds. Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds...
, combining Linnean binomial nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages...
with the anatomical and physiological descriptions of Buffon
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon was a French naturalist, mathematician, cosmologist, and encyclopedic author.His works influenced the next two generations of naturalists, including Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Georges Cuvier...
. Unfortunately, while an excellent beginning, it was never completed.
In 1800, he also published Recueil de mémoires et de notes sur des espèces inédites ou peu connues de mollusques, de vers et de zoophytes (Collection of memories and notes on new or little-known species of molluscs, worm
Worm
The term worm refers to an obsolete taxon used by Carolus Linnaeus and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck for all non-arthropod invertebrate animals, and stems from the Old English word wyrm. Currently it is used to describe many different distantly-related animals that typically have a long cylindrical...
s and zoophyte
Zoophyte
A zoophyte is an animal that visually resembles a plant. An example is a sea anemone. The name is obsolete in modern science.Zoophytes are common in medieval and renaissance era herbals, notable examples including the Tartar Lamb, a plant which grew sheep as fruit...
s).
Daudin found his greatest success in herpetology
Herpetology
Herpetology is the branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians and reptiles...
. He published Histoire naturelle des reinettes, des grenouilles et des crapauds (Natural history of tree frog
Tree frog
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semi-aquatic.-Characteristics:...
s, frog
Frog
Frogs are amphibians in the order Anura , formerly referred to as Salientia . Most frogs are characterized by a short body, webbed digits , protruding eyes and the absence of a tail...
s and toad
Toad
A toad is any of a number of species of amphibians in the order Anura characterized by dry, leathery skin , short legs, and snoat-like parotoid glands...
s) in 1802, and Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des reptiles (Natural History of Reptiles) (8 volumes) in 1802–1803. This latter work contained descriptions of 517 species, many for the first time, based on examining over 1100 specimens.
He was assisted by his wife Adèle, who drew the illustrations, but his books were commercial failures and the couple lived in poverty. She died of tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
in early 1804, and he followed shortly thereafter, not yet 30 years old.
Birds
- Accipiter minullus, Little sparrowhawk
- Accipiter tachiro, African goshawk
- Anhinga rufa, African darter
- Anthochaera paradoxa, Yellow Wattlebird
- Ciccaba huhula, Black-banded owl
- Circus ranivorus, African marsh harrier
- Corvus leucognaphalus, White-necked crow
- Crypsirina temia, Black Racket-tailed treepie
- Falco chicquera, Red-necked falcon
- Falco rufigularis, Bat falcon
- Falco tinnunculus rupicolus, Rock kestrel
- Haliaeetus vocifer, African fish eagle
- Lamprotornis ornatus, Principe glossy-starling
- Lophaetus occipitalis, Long-crested eagle
- Lophostrix cristata, Crested owl
- Loxigilla portoricensis, Puerto Rican bullfinsh
- Malimbus malimbicus, Crested malimbe
- Megascops nudipes, Puerto rican screech owl
- Melanerpes portoricensis, Puerto Rican woodpecker
- Melierax gabar, Gabar goshawk
- Morphnus guianensis, Crested eagle
- Onychognathus nabouroup, Pale-winged Starling
- Paradisaea rubra, Red bird of paradise
- Phaethon lepturus, White-tailed tropicbird
- Ploceus baglafecht, Baglafecht Weaver
- Polemaetus bellicosus, Martial eagle
- Saltator fuliginosus, Black-throated grosbeak
- Seleucidis melanoleucus, Twelve-wired bird of paradise
- Spizaetus ornatus, Ornate hawk eagle
- Sporopipes frontalis, Speckle-fronted weaver
- Sturnus melanopterus, Black-winged starling
- Terathopius ecaudatus, Bateleur
Reptiles
- Genus AcanthophisAcanthophisAcanthophis is a genus of elapid snakes. Commonly called death adders, they are native to Australia, New Guinea and nearby islands, and are among the most venomous snakes in the world...
, Death adders - Genus BungarusBungarusBungarus, commonly referred to as kraits , is a genus of venomous elapid snakes found in South and South-East Asia. There are 12 species and 5 subspecies recognized.- Distribution :...
, Kraits - Genus Corallus, Tree boas
- Genus EryxEryx (genus)Eryx is a genus of nonvenomous boas found in southeastern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and southwestern Asia. Eight species are currently recognized.-Geographic range:...
, Old world sand boas - Genus LachesisLachesis (genus)Lachesis is a genus of venomous pitvipers found in remote forested areas of Central and South America. The generic name refers to one of the Three Fates in Greek mythology who determined the length of the thread of life...
, Bushmasters - Genus Pelamis, Yellow-bellied sea snakes
- Genus PythonPython (genus)Python, from the Greek word , is a genus of non-venomous pythons found in Africa, Asia and Australia. Currently, 7 species are recognised. A member of this group, P. reticulatus, is among the longest snakes known.-Geographic range:...
, Pythons - Genus Ophisaurus, Glass lizards
- Genus TakydromusTakydromusTakydromus, commonly called grass lizards or oriental racers is a lizard genus whose members inhabit a large part of Asia. Members of this genus are noticeable because of their slender appearance and their agile movements.-Description:...
, Oriental racers
- Alligator mississippiensis, American alligator
- Anolis auratus, Anole, no common name
- Anolis punctatus, Amazon green anole
- Atretium schistosumAtretium schistosumThe Split Keelback or Olive keelback snake, Atretium schistosum, is a species of snake found in South Asia. It is a common and harmless watersnake.- Distribution :...
, Split keelback (snake) - Bitis cornutaBitis cornutaBitis cornuta is a venomous viper species found in certain rocky desert areas, mostly along the Atlantic coast of southern Africa. They have a characteristic tuft of horns above each eye. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description: Small...
, Many-horned adder - Boa constrictorBoa constrictorThe Boa constrictor is a large, heavy-bodied species of snake. It is a member of the family Boidae found in North, Central, and South America, as well as some islands in the Caribbean. A staple of private collections and public displays, its color pattern is highly variable yet distinctive...
imperator, Common Northern Boa - Caiman latirostris, Broad-snouted caiman
- Caiman yacare, Yacare caiman
- Clelia clelia, MussuranaMussuranaThe mussurana or musurana are six species of oviparous colubrid snakes belonging to the genus Clelia. They are distributed from Guatemala to Brazil. They specialize in ophiophagy, i.e., they attack and eat other snakes...
- Coronella girondicaCoronella girondicaCoronella girondica is a harmless colubrid species found in southern Europe and northern Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized.-Geographic range:...
, Southern smooth snake - Cuora amboinensisCuora amboinensisThe Amboina box turtle , or southeast Asian box turtle is a species of Asian box turtle.It is found in the Nicobar Islands, eastern India , Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, central and southern Vietnam, West Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines , Indonesia The Amboina box turtle (Cuora...
amboinensis, Malayan box turtle - Dendrelaphis tristisDendrelaphis tristisThe Bronzeback Dendrelaphis tristis is a species of tree-snake found in South Asia.-Description:It is a long slender snake with a pointed head and a bronze coloured line running down its back. Feeds on geckos and frogs. This harmless snake prefers the tree tops to life on the ground...
, Bronzeback (snake) - Disteira nigrocinctaDisteira nigrocinctaDisteira nigrocincta is a species of sea snake.Distribution:Indian Ocean: India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar , Thailand, MalaysiaType locality: Sundarbans, Bengal-References:...
, no common name, venomous sea snake - Dracaena guianensis, Caiman lizard
- Dryocalamus nymphaDryocalamus nymphaCommon Bridal Snake is a species of snake found in southern India and Sri Lanka.The yellow mark on the back of the head suggests a bridal veil....
, Common bridal snake - Elaphe helenaElaphe helenaTrinket Snake, Coelognathus helenus, is a non-venomous constrictor species of colubrid snake native to south Central Asia.-Distribution:Sri Lanka, Southern India, Pakistan , Nepal, BangladeshType locality: India: Vishakhapatnam ....
, Trinket snake - Enhydrina schistosaEnhydrina schistosaBeaked seasnake is a species of sea snake.-Description:...
, Beaked sea snake - Eumeces schneideriEumeces schneideriSchneider's Skink , Eumeces schneideri, is a species of skink found in central and west Asia and north Africa. It is named after the German zoologist, Johann Gottlob Schneider.-Description:Head moderate; snout short, obtuse...
, Schneider's skink - Gopherus polyphemusGopherus polyphemusThe gopher tortoise is a species of the Gopherus genus native to the southeastern United States. The gopher tortoise is seen as a keystone species because it digs burrows that provide shelter for 360 other animal species...
, Florida gopher tortoise - Hemidactylus triedrusHemidactylus triedrusTermite Hill Gecko Hemidactylus triedrus is a species of gecko found in South Asia.-Description:Head large, oviform; snout longer than the distance between the eye and the ear-opening, 1.4 times the diameter of the orbit; forehead concave; ear-opening large, suboval, oblique, measuring about half...
, Termite hill gecko - Hydrophis cyanocinctusHydrophis cyanocinctusAnnulated Sea Snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus is a species of sea snake.-Description:Head moderate; eye shorter than its distance from the mouth in the adult...
, Annulated sea snake - Hydrophis mammilarisHydrophis mammilarisBombay Sea Snake is a species of sea snake.Distribution:Indian Ocean...
, Bombay sea snake - Hydrophis obscurusHydrophis obscurusRussell's Sea Snake Hydrophis obscurus is a species of sea snake.-Bibliography:* Russell 1801 A continuation of an account of Indian serpents: containing descriptions and figures from specimens and drawings, transmitted from various parts of India to the hon. Court of Directors of the East Indian...
, Russell's sea snake - Kentropyx striata, Striped KentropyxKentropyxKentropyx is a whiptail lizard genus which belongs to the family . There are nine species in this genus.-Selected species:*Kentropyx altamazonica *Kentropyx borckiana*Kentropyx calcarata Spix, 1825...
(lizard) - Lacerta bilineata, Western green lizard
- Lycodon capucinusLycodon capucinusLycodon capucinus also known as the common wolf snake is a species of colubrid snake, which is found in the Indo-Australian Archipelago.-Distribution:...
, Common wolf snake - Micrurus psyches, Carib coral snakeCoral snakeThe coral snakes are a large group of elapid snakes that can be subdivided into two distinct groups, Old World coral snakes and New World coral snakes...
- Oxybelis fulgidusOxybelis fulgidusThe Green Vine Snake, Oxybelis fulgidus, is a long, slender arboreal Colubrid snake that inhabits Central America and northern South America.-Description:...
, Green vine snake - Pituophis melanoleucusPituophis melanoleucusPituophis melanoleucus is a harmless colubrid species found in the United States. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.-Description:...
, Pine snake - Rafetus euphraticus, Euphrates softshell turtle
- Ramphotyphlops braminusRamphotyphlops braminusRamphotyphlops braminus is a harmless blind snake species found mostly in Africa and Asia, but has been introduced in many other parts of the world. Completely fossorial, they are often mistaken for earthworms, except that they are not segmented. The specific name is a Latinized form of the word...
, Brahminy blind snake - Rhinoclemmys punctularia, Spot-legged turtle
- Sceloporus undulatus undulatus, Eastern fence lizard
- Scelotes gronovii, Gronovi's dwarf burrowing skink
- Siphlophis compressus, Red vine snake
- Takydromus sexlineatusTakydromus sexlineatusThe Asian grass lizard, six-striped long-tailed lizard, or long-tailed grass lizard is an arboreal, diurnal species of lizard. The tail length is usually over three times the body length in this species.Males and females are similar, males being distinguishable by the presence of pre-anal pores...
, Asian grass lizard - Teius teyou, no common name, family TeiidaeTeiidaeTeiidae is a family of lizards native to the Americas, generally known as whiptails. The group includes the parthenogenic genera Cnemidophorus and Aspidoscelis, and the non-parthenogenic Tupinambis. It has over 230 member species in ten genera...
(whiptails) - Timon lepidusTimon lepidusTimon lepidus is a species of wall lizard known as the Ocellated Lizard .The Ocellated Lizard is one of the largest members of its family. The adult is 30 to 60 centimetres long and may reach up to 90 centimetres . About two thirds of its length is tail...
, Ocellated lizard - Tripanurgos compressusTripanurgos compressusTripanurgos compressus, the Mapepire De Fe is a snake found in tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago. It feeds on small lizards and probably on frogs and nestling birds.-References:...
, Mapepire De Fe (snake) - Varanus albigularisVaranus albigularisThe rock monitor , also called the legavaan or white-throated monitor, is a species of monitor lizard found in southern Africa...
, Rock monitor - Varanus bengalensis, Bengal monitor
- Varanus griseusVaranus griseusThe Desert Monitor, Varanus griseus, is a species of monitor lizard of the order Squamata found living throughout North Africa and western Asia. Varanus griseus is divided into three distinct subspecies: Varanus griseus griseus , Varanus griseus caspius , and Varanus griseus koniecznyi...
, Desert monitor - Xenoxybelis argenteus, Green striped vine snake
Amphibians
- Caecilia albiventrisCaecilia albiventrisCaecilia albiventris is a species of amphibian in the Caeciliidae family.It is endemic to Suriname.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest.-Source:...
, no common name, CaecilianCaecilianThe caecilians are an order of amphibians that superficially resemble earthworms or snakes. They mostly live hidden in the ground, making them the least familiar order of amphibians. All extant caecilians and their closest fossil relatives are grouped as the clade Apoda. They are mostly... - Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, Hellbender (salamander)
- Elachistocleis surinamensis, Sapito apuntado de Surinam
- Hoplobatrachus tigerinusHoplobatrachus tigerinusHoplobatrachus tigerinus, the Indus Valley Bullfrog or Indian Bullfrog, is a large species of frog found in India, Pakistan and Nepal.- Description :...
, Indian bullfrog - Hyla surinamensisHyla surinamensisHyla surinamensis is a species of frog in the Hylidae family. It is known only by Daudin's illustration, so is considered a nomen dubium.-Source:* Reynolds, R., Hoogmoed, M., MacCulloch, R. & Gaucher, P. 2004. . Downloaded on 21 July 2007....
(nomen dubiumNomen dubiumIn zoological nomenclature, a nomen dubium is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application...
)) - Pelodytes punctatus, Common Parsley FrogCommon Parsley FrogThe Common Parsley Frog is a very small and slender frog with long hindlegs, flat head and vertical pupils. Males reach only 3.5, females 4.5 centimetres. The upper side of the body is variable in colour, usually with irregular green patches on a light brown, grey or light olive background...
- Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, Rana lemur de flancos rojos
- Pseudacris ocularis, Little grass frog
- Sphaenorhynchus lacteus, Rana Fantasma (tree frog)
- Xenopus laevis, African clawed frog
Species named in Daudin's honour
- Dipsochelys daudinii (Duméril & Bibron, 1835), Daudin's giant tortoise (extinct, SeychellesSeychellesSeychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....
)