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Flemish Parliament
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The Flemish Parliament (and formerly called Flemish Council or Vlaamse Raad) constitutes the legislative power in Flanders, for matters which fall within the competence of Flanders, both as a geographic region and a cultural and linguistic community of Belgium.
The Flemish Parliament approves decrees, which are Flemish laws applicable exclusively to the Flemish population, it appoints and supervises the Flemish Government, and approves the Flemish budget.
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Encyclopedia
The Flemish Parliament (and formerly called Flemish Council or Vlaamse Raad) constitutes the legislative power in Flanders, for matters which fall within the competence of Flanders, both as a geographic region and a cultural and linguistic community of Belgium.
The Flemish Parliament approves decrees, which are Flemish laws applicable exclusively to the Flemish population, it appoints and supervises the Flemish Government, and approves the Flemish budget. The Flemish Parliament meets in the Flemish Parliament building in central Brussels, its members and staff are housed in the House of the Flemish Representatives.
History
From 1830 until 1970 Belgium was a unitary state with a single two chamber parliament and a single government. The laws issued by Parliament applied to all Belgians, and government ministers exercised their authority across the length and breadth of the country. Between 1970 and 2001 the Belgian Parliament approved five successive constitutional reforms. Slowly they changed Belgium from a unitary into a federal state. Part of this was to give the communities and later the regions their own parliamentary assemblee.
On December 7, 1971, the Cultural Council for the Dutch-speaking Cultural Community held its first meeting, later followed a parliament for the Flemish Region. Flanders decided as early as 1980 to merge the Flemish Community with the Flemish Region. As a result, Flanders now has a single parliament and a single government with competence over community as well as over regional matters. This Parliament was called the Vlaamse Raad until it was officially renamed Vlaams Parlement (Flemish Parliament) on June 13, 1995. Over the last thirty years, Flanders has thus developed into a separate state within the federalised Belgium.
Members are called "Vlaams Volksvertegenwoordiger". In English, they will be referred to as "Members of the Flemish Parliament" (MFP's), like the MSP's in Scotland and the MEP's in the European Union. The title "Flemish Representative" is also used in English. Since 1995 members of the Flemish Parliament are directly elected.
Currently, many voices in the Flemish Movement would like the Flemish Parliament to acquire certain sovereign powers as those over language, culture and education. In addition, a consensus is emerging that the Flemish Parliament should also acquire much larger financial and fiscal autonomy.
Competencies
Competencies for the entire Flemish Community
- Culture: The Flemish parliament is competent for all cultural matters. This includes protection of the cultural heritage (e.g. literature, fine arts), tourism and the media. A current debate is about the status of the official Flemish Radio & television, the VRT.
- Language use: including language use in schools and universities, in the Flemish and local administrations, and in relations between employers and employees in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, with exception of the 'language facilities' enjoyed in some municipalities.
- All ‘matters relating to the person’: youth protection, family policy and childcare, together with policy regarding the handicapped, old age pensioners, equal opportunities and the integration of migrants.
- Education: from kindergarten to university incl. scholarships, though the establishment of the period of compulsory education, requirements for awarding degrees, and pension schemes for teachers remain at the federal level.
- Health care: including preventive health care, home care, institutions for mental health care, but excluding health insurance, financing of hospitals and most other competencies that remained federal.
Competencies for the Flemish Region only
- Economy, employment and energy policy: includes government support for business, employment policy, agriculture and fisheries, the distribution of electricity and natural gas, the exploitation of new energy sources and the promotion of responsible use of energy
- Town and country planning, housing, land development & nature conservation: including regional planning, building permits, housing policy, social housing, urban renewal, preservation of monuments and natural sites, land consolidation and nature conservation
- Environment and water policy: including the reduction of air, land and water pollution, noise control, the purification of waste water, the production and distribution of drinking water and waste disposal policy
- Scientific research: this field is the full responsibility of the regional authorities, except for aerospace and military research (that remained federal).
- Public works and transport: includes roads, the Port of Antwerp, the Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge, the Port of Ghent and the Port of Ostend, the regional airports of Deurne and Ostend (Antwerp International Airport and Ostend-Bruges International Airport, and urban and regional transport.
- Agriculture: includes the Agricultural Investment Fund, the agricultural education, the development of rural regions, the sale of agricultural and horticultural products and the fisheries policy. By the stipulations of the Lambermont Agreement (2001), the regions are competent for almost the complete agricultural policy but a few security aspects like food security and animal welfare which remained under the competence of the federal government.
- Municipalities, provinces and interurban organisations: includes the allocating of financial resources to the 308 Flemish municipalities and to the Flemish provinces, and administrative supervision of these communes and provinces and their laws.
International affairs
For all areas within its sphere of competence (both vis-à-vis community or regional competences), the Flemish state can conclude international treaties with other states, whether they are national
states or member states of a federation. This competence includes development cooperation and foreign trade.
Members of the Flemish Parliament
118 members are directly elected in the Flemish Region. They have voting rights for both regional and community competencies.
6 members are directly elected in the Brussels-Capital Region by those voters who voted for a Dutch-speaking party in the Brussels regional elections. They have no voting rights for the regional competencies.
CD&V and N-VA form separate political groups in the Flemish Parliament. From the 35 seats that went to CD&V/N-VA in the last elections, six are taken by the N-VA and 29 by the CD&V. From the 25 from the SP.A-Spirit list, five went to Spirit and 20 to the socialists.
Jean-Marie Dedecker became the only independent member after he was expelled from the VLD in October 2006. After having founded its own political party List Dedecker, he formed a parliamentary group together with Vlaams Belang defector Jurgen Verstrepen in April 2007. On April 26, 2007 it was announced that Monique Moens also joined the List Dedecker, thus becoming the third member of the List Dedecker in the Flemish Parliament. Jean-Marie Dedecker ceased to sit in the Flemish Parliament after taking the oath of office as a member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives following the 2007 federal election, as a result his seat was given to Open VLD.
Officers
At the beginning of each parliamentary year, on the fourth Monday in September, the Flemish Parliament elects its Speaker. The Speaker chairs the plenary sessions of the Flemish Parliament and acts as its official representative. He or she determines whether a certain initiative is admissible and thus can be put to parliament at all. The Flemish Ministers take the oath before the Speaker of the Flemish Parliament. Only the head of the Flemish government, the Flemish Minister-President, takes the oath before the King.
The current Speaker of the Flemish Parliament is Marleen Vanderpoorten of the Flemish Liberals and Democrats (VLD).
The Speaker of the Flemish Parliament is assisted by the Bureau, which consists of the Speaker, four Deputy Speakers and three Secretaries. The Bureau is responsible for the day-to-day activities of the Flemish Parliament and meets at least once every two weeks. The Extended Bureau, which consists of the Bureau and the floor leaders of the recognised political fractions in the Flemish Parliament coordinates the political activities of the Flemish Parliament and sets the agenda for the plenary session. It usually meets every week on Monday.
Committees
Much of the work of the Flemish Parliament is done in committee. The Flemish Parliament currently has eleven standing committees. Each committee is specialised in a particular subject area and consists of 15 Members of the Flemish Parliament. The primary task of the committees is to examine the texts of decree proposals and organise hearings and discussions on decree proposals. There are also two ad hoc committees: the Digital Flanders Committee and the Flemish Constitution Committee.
List of standing committees
- Committee for General Affairs and Financial and Budgetary Matters
- Subcommittee on Finance and Budget
- Committee for Brussels and its Flemish Suburbs
- Committee for Administrative Affairs, Institutional and Administrative Reform and Decree Evaluation
- Committee for Housing, Urban Policy, Integration and EqualOpportunities
- Committee for Foreign Policy, European Affairs, International Co-operation and Tourism
- Committee for Education, Training, Science and Innovation
- Committee for Culture, Youth, Sports and Media
- Committee for Public Well-Being, Public Health and Family Affairs
- Committee for Economic Affairs, Employment and Social Economics
- Subcommittee on Arms Trade
- Committee for Environmental and Nature Conservation Issues, Agriculture, Fishery and Rural Development Policy and Town and CountryPlanning and Real Estate
- Subcommittee on Agriculture, Fishery and Rural Policy
- Committee for Public Works, Mobility and Energy
See also
External links
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