Executive Order 9981

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Executive Order 9981

Executive Order 9981 is an executive order issued on July 26, 1948 by U.S. President

President of the United States

The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition....
Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . As the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States, he succeeded Franklin D....
. It expanded on Executive Order 8802

Executive Order 8802

Executive Order 8802 was signed by President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941 to prohibit racism in the national Military-industrial complex....
by establishing equality of treatment and opportunity in the Armed Services

Military of the United States

The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified armed forces of the United States. The United States military was first formed by the second Second Continental Congress to defend the new nation against the British Empire in the American Revolutionary War....
for people of all races, religions, or national origins.

The operative statement is:

It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin.

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Encyclopedia

Executive Order 9981 is an executive order issued on July 26, 1948 by U.S. President
President of the United States

The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition....
Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . As the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States, he succeeded Franklin D....
. It expanded on Executive Order 8802
Executive Order 8802

Executive Order 8802 was signed by President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941 to prohibit racism in the national Military-industrial complex....
by establishing equality of treatment and opportunity in the Armed Services
Military of the United States

The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified armed forces of the United States. The United States military was first formed by the second Second Continental Congress to defend the new nation against the British Empire in the American Revolutionary War....
for people of all races, religions, or national origins.

The operative statement is:
It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.

The order also established a committee to investigate and make recommendations to the civilian leadership of the military to realize the policy.

Among the order's effects was the elimination of Montford Point as a segregated Marine boot camp
Recruit training

Recruit training is the initial indoctrination and instruction given to new military personnel. It may be common to all recruits, officers being selected on the basis of competency shown during recruit training, or for the enlisted ranks only....
(the camp became a satellite facility of Camp Lejeune
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune

Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune is a major base for the United States Marine Corps and is located on the East Coast of the United States of the United States near Jacksonville, North Carolina....
). The last of the all-black units in the United States military
Military history of African Americans

The military history of African Americans spans from the History of slavery in the United States during the colonial history of the United States to the present day....
was abolished in September 1954.

Fifteen years after Truman's order, on July 26, 1963 Robert S. McNamara issued Directive 5120.36
Directive 5120.36

Department of Defense Directive 5120.36 was issued in July 1963 by Robert S. McNamara, then Secretary of Defense of the United States. This directive dealt directly with the issue of racism in areas surrounding military communities....
obligating military commanders to utilize the economic might of the military against facilities used by soldiers or their families that discriminated based upon sex or race.

External links

from the website of the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum
Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum

The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum is a library and museum dedicated to preserving papers, books, and other historical materials relating to former President of the United States Harry S....