Euglandina
Encyclopedia
Euglandina is a genus of medium- to large-sized land snail
s in the family Spiraxidae
.
These snails were previously placed in the family Oleacinidae
(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
), Spiraxidae
and also in Streptaxidae
.
Euglandina is the type genus of the subfamily Euglandininae. The pulmonate genus Euglandina is often referred to as Glandina in older literature, and the most widely known species, Euglandina rosea
, may commonly be found under the synonym Glandina truncata.
They are especially notable for being carnivorous. They are sometimes called "wolf snails" for that reason.
has been intentionally introduced into many other warm areas — from Hawaii to New Guinea, Bermuda, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, and many other locations — in a vain attempt to control accidentally introduced snails, usually the giant African Achatina fulica.
Those species of Euglandina that are non-indigenous to the USA not yet become established in the USA, but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species
which could negatively effect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine
significance in the USA.
There are three subgenera and species in the genus Euglandina include:
subgenus Euglandina Crosse & Fischer, 1870
subgenus Singleya H. B. Baker, 1941
subgenus Cosmomenus H. B. Baker, 1941
subgenus ?
Land snail
A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...
s in the family Spiraxidae
Spiraxidae
Spiraxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .- 2005 taxonomy :...
.
These snails were previously placed in the family Oleacinidae
Oleacinidae
Oleacinidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata .-Anatomy:...
(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...
), Spiraxidae
Spiraxidae
Spiraxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropods in the clade Eupulmonata .- 2005 taxonomy :...
and also in Streptaxidae
Streptaxidae
Streptaxidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in theStylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi....
.
Euglandina is the type genus of the subfamily Euglandininae. The pulmonate genus Euglandina is often referred to as Glandina in older literature, and the most widely known species, Euglandina rosea
Euglandina rosea
Euglandina rosea, common names the "rosy wolfsnail" or the "cannibal snail", is a species of medium-sized to large predatory air-breathing land snail, a carnivorous terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.-Distribution:...
, may commonly be found under the synonym Glandina truncata.
They are especially notable for being carnivorous. They are sometimes called "wolf snails" for that reason.
Distribution
The natural range of Euglandina encompasses much of the tropical and subtropical Western Hemisphere, including the SE United States to Texas, Mexico, and various locations in Central and South America. The species Euglandina roseaEuglandina rosea
Euglandina rosea, common names the "rosy wolfsnail" or the "cannibal snail", is a species of medium-sized to large predatory air-breathing land snail, a carnivorous terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.-Distribution:...
has been intentionally introduced into many other warm areas — from Hawaii to New Guinea, Bermuda, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, and many other locations — in a vain attempt to control accidentally introduced snails, usually the giant African Achatina fulica.
Those species of Euglandina that are non-indigenous to the USA not yet become established in the USA, but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species
Invasive species
"Invasive species", or invasive exotics, is a nomenclature term and categorization phrase used for flora and fauna, and for specific restoration-preservation processes in native habitats, with several definitions....
which could negatively effect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine
Quarantine
Quarantine is compulsory isolation, typically to contain the spread of something considered dangerous, often but not always disease. The word comes from the Italian quarantena, meaning forty-day period....
significance in the USA.
Species
subgenus Euglandina Crosse & Fischer, 1870
- Euglandina aurataEuglandina aurataEuglandina aurata is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.Euglandina aurata is the type species of the genus Euglandina....
(Morelet, 1849) - type species - Euglandina bailyiEuglandina bailyiEuglandina bailyi is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
M. Smith, 1950 - Euglandina binneyanaEuglandina binneyanaEuglandina binneyana is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Pfeiffer, 1845) - Euglandina cognataEuglandina cognataEuglandina cognata is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Strebel, 1875) - Euglandina cuneusEuglandina cuneusEuglandina cuneus is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Von Martens, 1891) - Euglandina dactylusEuglandina dactylusEuglandina dactylus is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Broderip, 1832) - Euglandina daudebartiEuglandina daudebartiEuglandina daudebarti is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.- Subspecies :* Euglandina daudebarti daudebarti...
(Deshayes, 1850)- Euglandina daudebarti amoena (Von Martens, 1865)
- Euglandina daudebarti jalapana (Von Martens, 1891)
- Euglandina daudebarti miradorensis (Strebel, 1878)
- Euglandina giganteaEuglandina giganteaEuglandina gigantea is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
Pilsbry, 1926 - Euglandina huingensisEuglandina huingensisEuglandina huingensis is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Pilsbry, 1903) - Euglandina immemorataEuglandina immemorataEuglandina immemorata is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
Pilsbry, 1907 - Euglandina indusiataEuglandina indusiataEuglandina indusiata is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Pfeiffer, 1860) - Euglandina lamyiEuglandina lamyiEuglandina lamyi is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Fischer & Chatelet, 1903) - Euglandina liebmanniEuglandina liebmanniEuglandina liebmanni is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Pfeiffer, 1846) - Euglandina lividaEuglandina lividaEuglandina livida is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
Dall, 1908 - Euglandina michoacanensisEuglandina michoacanensisEuglandina michoacanensis is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Pilsbry, 1899) - Euglandina panEuglandina panEuglandina pan is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
Thompson, 1987 - Euglandina pilsbryiEuglandina pilsbryiEuglandina pilsbryi is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.The specific name pilsbryi is in honor of American malacologist Henry Augustus Pilsbry....
Bartsch, 1909 - Euglandina pinicolaEuglandina pinicolaEuglandina pinicola is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Fischer & Crosse, 1870) - Euglandina radulaEuglandina radulaEuglandina radula is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Strebel, 1875) - Euglandina sowerbyanaEuglandina sowerbyanaEuglandina sowerbyana is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.- Subspecies :* Euglandina sowerbyana sowerbyana...
(Pfeiffer, 1846)- Euglandina sowerbyana estephaniae (Strebel, 1875)
- Euglandina striataEuglandina striataEuglandina striata is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Müller, 1774) - Euglandina texasianaEuglandina texasianaEuglandina texasiana, common name the glossy wolfsnail, is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.- Description :...
(Pfeiffer, 1856) - Euglandina texasiana angustior Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1936
- Euglandina titanEuglandina titanEuglandina titan is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
Thompson, 1987 - Euglandina vanuxemensisEuglandina vanuxemensisEuglandina vanuxemensis, is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a carnivorous terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Lea, 1834)
subgenus Singleya H. B. Baker, 1941
- Euglandina anomalaEuglandina anomalaEuglandina anomala is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Angas, 1879)- Euglandina anomala barrocoloradensis Pilsbry, 1930
- Euglandina balesiEuglandina balesiEuglandina balesi is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
Pilsbry, 1938 - Euglandina candidaEuglandina candidaEuglandina candida is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Shuttleworth, 1852)- Euglandina candida conularis (Pfeiffer, 1855)
- Euglandina carminensisEuglandina carminensisEuglandina carminensis is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Morelet, 1849) - Euglandina corneolaEuglandina corneolaEuglandina corneola is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(W. G. Binney, 1857) - Euglandina decussataEuglandina decussataEuglandina decussata is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Deshayes, 1840) - Euglandina excavataEuglandina excavataEuglandina excavata is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Von Martens, 1891) - Euglandina ghiesbreghtiEuglandina ghiesbreghtiEuglandina ghiesbreghti is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Pfeiffer, 1856) - Euglandina hererraeEuglandina hererraeEuglandina hererrae is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Contreras, 1923) - Euglandina insignisEuglandina insignisEuglandina insignis is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Pfeiffer, 1855) - Euglandina jacksoniEuglandina jacksoniEuglandina jacksoni is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1936 - Euglandina longulaEuglandina longulaEuglandina longula is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Fischer & Crosse, 1870) - Euglandina loweiEuglandina loweiEuglandina lowei is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
Pilsbry, 1931 - Euglandina mazatlanicaEuglandina mazatlanicaEuglandina mazatlanica is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Von Martens, 1891)- Euglandina mazatlanica abbreviata (Von Martens, 1891)
- Euglandina pseudoturrisEuglandina pseudoturrisEuglandina pseudoturris is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Strebel, 1875) - Euglandina singleyanaEuglandina singleyanaEuglandina singleyana, common name the "striate glandina" or "striate wolfsnail", is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.-Description:...
(W. G. Binney, 1878) - Euglandina tenellaEuglandina tenellaEuglandina tenella is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Strebel, 1875) - Euglandina turrisEuglandina turrisEuglandina turris is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.- Subspecies :* Euglandina turris longurio Pilsbry & Cockerell, 1926...
(Pfeiffer, 1846)- Euglandina turris longurio Pilsbry & Cockerell, 1926
- Euglandina wani (Jacobson, 1968)
subgenus Cosmomenus H. B. Baker, 1941
- Euglandina cumingiEuglandina cumingiEuglandina cumingi is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Beck, 1827) - Euglandina cylindraceaEuglandina cylindraceaEuglandina cylindracea is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae....
(Phillips, 1846)
subgenus ?
- Euglandina exesa - fossil
- Euglandina roseaEuglandina roseaEuglandina rosea, common names the "rosy wolfsnail" or the "cannibal snail", is a species of medium-sized to large predatory air-breathing land snail, a carnivorous terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.-Distribution:...
(Férussac, 1821)- Euglandina rosea bullata
Description
The various species of Euglandina are consistent in many ways. The shells are simple, oval in outline (sometimes broadly so) but occasionally more-or-less straight-sided, The lip of the aperture is also simple, without any thickening. These shells may be brown, orange, or pink in color, or some intermediate shade. Shell sculpture when present usually consists of striae marking progressive growth increments. All are carnivores, and probably have essentially the same hunting and feeding strategies, and reproductive techniques.Habitat
Member of this genus can be found in many micro-habitats. Species of Euglandia can be found in semi-tropical moist jungle, and in near-desert. Their only requirements seem to be a relatively warm climate and the presence of a sufficient supply of food organisms.Further reading
- Hubricht L.Leslie HubrichtLeslie Hubricht was an American biologist and malacologist.If he had lived in a previous century, Hubricht would have been called a "gentleman naturalist"...
(1985). "The distribution of the native land mollusks of the eastern United States". Fieldiana Zoology 24: 1-191. - Perez K. & Strenth N. E. (2003). "A systematic review of the land snail Euglandina singleyana (Binney, 1892) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Spiraxidae)". Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 116(3): 649-660.
- Perez K. & Strenth N. E. (2002). "Enzymatic variation in the land snail Euglandina texasiana (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from south Texas and northeastern Mexico". Texas J. Science, 1 February 2002.