Ennomini
Encyclopedia
The Ennomini are a tribe
of geometer moth
s in the Ennominae
subfamily. They are large-bodied and rather nondescript Ennominae
, overall showing many similarities to the closely related Azelinini
and Nacophorini
.
Most have a beige to brown color, and they rarely possess the disruptive cryptic
patterns seen in many other geometer moths. A typical ennomiine wing pattern consists of two or three costal to dorsal sections, one of which is often darker in color. There is rarely more than one conspicuous dark or light spot on each side of each wing, and many do not have any particularly prominent markings at all.
, which includes Phaeoura quernaria – the type species
of the Nacophorini
– nowadays, appears to be closer to the Ennomini than to the bulk of genera
currently placed in the Nacophorini. It might be moved into the present tribe, making Nacophorini a junior synonym of Ennomini. The Lithinini and perhaps the Campaeini too, on the other hand, seem to warrant merging with the bulk of the Nacophorini, and in that case the resulting group would probably be named Lithinini. On the other hand, a more radical approach to achieve monophyly
would be to merge all three tribes into the Ennomini. The enigmatic genus Hoplosauris
, of rather uncertain placement in the Ennominae
, is in some respects intermediate between the Nacophorini and the Ennomini.
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...
of geometer moth
Geometer moth
The geometer moths or Geometridae are a family of the order Lepidoptera...
s in the Ennominae
Ennominae
Ennominae is the largest subfamily of the geometer moth family with some 9,700 described species in 1,100 genera. They are usually fairly small moth species, though some grow considerably larger. This subfamily has a global distribution. It includes some species that are notorious defoliating...
subfamily. They are large-bodied and rather nondescript Ennominae
Ennominae
Ennominae is the largest subfamily of the geometer moth family with some 9,700 described species in 1,100 genera. They are usually fairly small moth species, though some grow considerably larger. This subfamily has a global distribution. It includes some species that are notorious defoliating...
, overall showing many similarities to the closely related Azelinini
Azelinini
The Azelinini are a tribe of geometer moths in the subfamily Ennominae, with many species in the Southern Hemisphere, particularly in South America. Several species are found in North America as well...
and Nacophorini
Nacophorini
The Nacophorini are one of the smaller tribes of geometer moths in the subfamily Ennominae. They are the most diverse Ennominae of Australia and are widespread in the Americas...
.
Most have a beige to brown color, and they rarely possess the disruptive cryptic
Crypsis
In ecology, crypsis is the ability of an organism to avoid observation or detection by other organisms. It may be either a predation strategy or an antipredator adaptation, and methods include camouflage, nocturnality, subterranean lifestyle, transparency, and mimicry...
patterns seen in many other geometer moths. A typical ennomiine wing pattern consists of two or three costal to dorsal sections, one of which is often darker in color. There is rarely more than one conspicuous dark or light spot on each side of each wing, and many do not have any particularly prominent markings at all.
Systematics
PhaeouraPhaeoura
Phaeoura is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
, which includes Phaeoura quernaria – the type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
of the Nacophorini
Nacophorini
The Nacophorini are one of the smaller tribes of geometer moths in the subfamily Ennominae. They are the most diverse Ennominae of Australia and are widespread in the Americas...
– nowadays, appears to be closer to the Ennomini than to the bulk of genera
Genera
Genera is a commercial operating system and development environment for Lisp machines developed by Symbolics. It is essentially a fork of an earlier operating system originating on the MIT AI Lab's Lisp machines which Symbolics had used in common with LMI and Texas Instruments...
currently placed in the Nacophorini. It might be moved into the present tribe, making Nacophorini a junior synonym of Ennomini. The Lithinini and perhaps the Campaeini too, on the other hand, seem to warrant merging with the bulk of the Nacophorini, and in that case the resulting group would probably be named Lithinini. On the other hand, a more radical approach to achieve monophyly
Monophyly
In common cladistic usage, a monophyletic group is a taxon which forms a clade, meaning that it contains all the descendants of the possibly hypothetical closest common ancestor of the members of the group. The term is synonymous with the uncommon term holophyly...
would be to merge all three tribes into the Ennomini. The enigmatic genus Hoplosauris
Hoplosauris
Hoplosauris is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
, of rather uncertain placement in the Ennominae
Ennominae
Ennominae is the largest subfamily of the geometer moth family with some 9,700 described species in 1,100 genera. They are usually fairly small moth species, though some grow considerably larger. This subfamily has a global distribution. It includes some species that are notorious defoliating...
, is in some respects intermediate between the Nacophorini and the Ennomini.
Selected genera and species
As numerous ennomine genera have not yet been assigned to a tribe, the genus list is preliminary.- AcrodontisAcrodontisAcrodontis is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-Species:* Acrodontis aenigma * Acrodontis fumosa Prout * Acrodontis insularis Holloway, 1993* Acrodontis kotschubeji Sheljuzhko, 1944-References:*...
- might belong in BoarmiiniBoarmiiniThe Boarmiini are a large tribe of geometer moths in the Ennominae subfamily.-Description and systematics:... - ArtioraArtioraArtiora is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
- CrocallisCrocallisCrocallis is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-Species:* Crocallis albarracina Wehrli, 1940* Crocallis auberti Oberthür, 1883* Crocallis bacalladoi* Crocallis boisduvaliaria Crocallis is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-Species:* Crocallis albarracina Wehrli, 1940* Crocallis...
- Scalloped OakScalloped OakThe Scalloped Oak is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is a common European species.This is a distinctive species, usually with yellow forewings with a broad orange-brown band and a pointed apex. There can be considerable variation, with the central band sometimes the same colour as the rest of...
, Crocallis elinguaria
- Scalloped Oak
- DeveniliaDeveniliaDevenilia is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:* *...
- EctephrinaEctephrinaEctephrina is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:* *...
- EilicriniaEilicriniaEilicrinia is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-Species:* Eilicrinia cordiaria * Eilicrinia flava * Eilicrinia nuptalis * Eilicrinia orias Wehrli, 1931...
- EnnomosEnnomosEnnomos is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-Species:* Ennomos alniarius – Canary-shouldered Thorn* Ennomos autumnarius – Large Thorn* Ennomos effractaria...
- Canary-shouldered Thorn, Ennomos alniaria
- Large Thorn, Ennomos autumnaria
- September Thorn, Ennomos erosaria
- August Thorn, Ennomos quercinaria
- ExangeronaExangeronaExangerona is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
- HoplosaurisHoplosaurisHoplosauris is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
(tentatively placed here) - Lignyoptera
- OcoelophoraOcoelophoraOcoelophora is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
- OdontoperaOdontoperaOdontopera is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.Aethiopodes is sometimes also included here.-References:*...
- Scalloped HazelScalloped HazelThe Scalloped Hazel is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is a common species of northern and central Europe including the British Isles....
, Odontopera bidentata
- Scalloped Hazel
- PachycnemiaPachycnemiaPachycnemia is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
- ProteostreniaProteostreniaProteostrenia is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
- ScionomiaScionomiaScionomia is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
- Selenia
- Purple ThornPurple ThornThe Purple Thorn is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is a species of northern and central Europe. It has a scattered distribution in Britain but is absent from Ireland....
, Selenia tetralunaria
- Purple Thorn
- SeleniopsisSeleniopsisSeleniopsis is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
- ScodiomimaScodiomimaScodiomima is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
- XerodesXerodesXerodes is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.-References:*...
- might belong in Boarmiini