Englés
Encyclopedia
Englés was a Navarrese jongleur and troubadour
of the mid 13th century. His lone tenso
survives only in fragments and is chiefly of interest to historians for its commentary on court life in Pamplona
under Theobald I
.
The jongleur with whom Englés is debating is anonymous. The poem has been dated to 1253. First, Englés accuses Theobald of avarice and thriftiness, to which the anonymous replies that Englés—whose name implies that he was English
—is anti-French (since Theobald was a Frenchman). Engléa finishes the poem by indicating that he is leaving Pamplona for the court of Aragon
. Englés makes humorous use of a pun on the words cort (court) and corta (short):
Peire Guilhem de Tolosa also attacked Theobald I of Navarres, who was a prolific trouvère
and commissioner of the chansonnier
du roi, which includes many troubadour poems.
Troubadour
A troubadour was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages . Since the word "troubadour" is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz....
of the mid 13th century. His lone tenso
Tenso
A tenso is a style of Occitan song favoured by the troubadours. It takes the form of a debate in which each voice defends a position on a topic relating to love or ethics. Closely related genres include the partimen and the cobla exchange...
survives only in fragments and is chiefly of interest to historians for its commentary on court life in Pamplona
Pamplona
Pamplona is the historial capital city of Navarre, in Spain, and of the former kingdom of Navarre.The city is famous worldwide for the San Fermín festival, from July 6 to 14, in which the running of the bulls is one of the main attractions...
under Theobald I
Theobald I of Navarre
Theobald I , called the Troubadour, the Chansonnier, and the Posthumous, was Count of Champagne from birth and King of Navarre from 1234...
.
The jongleur with whom Englés is debating is anonymous. The poem has been dated to 1253. First, Englés accuses Theobald of avarice and thriftiness, to which the anonymous replies that Englés—whose name implies that he was English
English people
The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...
—is anti-French (since Theobald was a Frenchman). Engléa finishes the poem by indicating that he is leaving Pamplona for the court of Aragon
Crown of Aragon
The Crown of Aragon Corona d'Aragón Corona d'Aragó Corona Aragonum controlling a large portion of the present-day eastern Spain and southeastern France, as well as some of the major islands and mainland possessions stretching across the Mediterranean as far as Greece...
. Englés makes humorous use of a pun on the words cort (court) and corta (short):
|
|
Peire Guilhem de Tolosa also attacked Theobald I of Navarres, who was a prolific trouvère
Trouvère
Trouvère , sometimes spelled trouveur , is the Northern French form of the word trobador . It refers to poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced by the troubadours but who composed their works in the northern dialects of France...
and commissioner of the chansonnier
Chansonnier
A chansonnier is a manuscript or printed book which contains a collection of chansons, or polyphonic and monophonic settings of songs, hence literally "song-books," although some manuscripts are so called even though they preserve the text but not the music A chansonnier is a manuscript or...
du roi, which includes many troubadour poems.
Sources
- Riquer, Martín de. Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos. 3 vol. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975.