Dryandra ser. Plumosae
Encyclopedia
Dryandra ser. Plumosae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra). It was published by Alex George
in 1996, but discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast
and Kevin Thiele
sank Dryandra into Banksia
.
, D. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa
). It was defined as containing three species, D. plumosa, D. pseudoplumosa (now B. pseudoplumosa
) and D. montana (now B. montana
. All three species are dense bushy shrubs, without a lignotuber
; and all have long hairs on the stems and about the flower heads. In addition, all three are restricted to western parts of the Esperance Plains
region of Western Australia
, between the Stirling Range
and the Fitzgerald River
region.
George's placement and circumscription of D. ser. Plumosae, as amended in his 1999 treatment of Dryandra for the Flora of Australia
series, and in 2005, may be summarised as follows:
has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence
data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His analyses have provided compelling evidence of the paraphyly
of Banksia
with respect to Dryandra
; that is, it seems that Dryandra arose from within the ranks of Banksia. Early in 2007, Mast and Kevin Thiele
initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by sinking Dryandra into it as B. ser. Dryandra. This transfer necessitated the setting aside of George's infrageneric arrangement of Dryandra; thus D. ser. Plumosae is no longer current. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete.
Alex George
Alexander Segger George is a Western Australian botanist. He is the authority on the plant genera Banksia and Dryandra...
in 1996, but discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast
Austin Mast
Austin R. Mast is a research botanist. Born in 1972, he obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2000. He is currently an associate professor within the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University , and has been director of FSU's since August 2003.One of his...
and Kevin Thiele
Kevin Thiele
Kevin R. Thiele is curator of the Western Australian Herbarium. His research interests include the systematics of the plant families Proteaceae, Rhamnaceae and Violaceae, and the conservation ecology of grassy woodland ecosystems...
sank Dryandra into Banksia
Banksia
Banksia is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes and fruiting "cones" and heads. When it comes to size, banksias range from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up...
.
Publication
George published the series in his 1996 "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br.", naming it after the type speciesType species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
, D. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa
Banksia plumosa
Banksia plumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra plumosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
). It was defined as containing three species, D. plumosa, D. pseudoplumosa (now B. pseudoplumosa
Banksia pseudoplumosa
Banksia pseudoplumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) and D. montana (now B. montana
Banksia montana
Banksia montana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
. All three species are dense bushy shrubs, without a lignotuber
Lignotuber
A lignotuber is a starchy swelling of the root crown possessed by some plants as a protection against destruction of the plant stem by fire. The crown contains buds from which new stems may sprout, and a sufficient store of nutrients to support a period of growth in the absence of...
; and all have long hairs on the stems and about the flower heads. In addition, all three are restricted to western parts of the Esperance Plains
Esperance Plains
Esperance Plains, also known as Eyre Botanical District, is a biogeographic region in southern Western Australia. Located on the south coast between the Avon Wheatbelt and Hampton regions, and bordered to the north by the Mallee region, it is a plain punctuated by granite and quartz outcrops and...
region of Western Australia
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east...
, between the Stirling Range
Stirling Range
The Stirling Range or Koikyennuruff is a range of mountains and hills in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, 337 km south-east of Perth. It is located at approximately and is over 60 km wide from west to east, stretching from the highway between Mount Barker and Cranbrook...
and the Fitzgerald River
Fitzgerald River
The Fitzgerald River is a river in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.Surveyor General John Septimus Roe discovered and named the river during expeditions in the area in 1848 after the governor of Western Australia of the day, Charles Fitzgerald....
region.
George's placement and circumscription of D. ser. Plumosae, as amended in his 1999 treatment of Dryandra for the Flora of Australia
Flora of Australia (series)
The Flora of Australia is a 59 volume series describing the vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens present in Australia and its external territories...
series, and in 2005, may be summarised as follows:
- Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra)
- D. subg. DryandraDryandra subg. DryandraDryandra subg. Dryandra is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published at sectional rank as Dryandra verae in 1830, before being renamed Eudryandra in 1847, the replaced by the autonym at subgenus rank in 1996...
- D. ser. FloribundaeDryandra ser. FloribundaeDryandra ser. Floribundae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into...
(1 species, 4 varieties) - D. ser. ArmataeDryandra ser. ArmataeDryandra ser. Armatae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into Banksia.-According...
(21 species, 7 subspecies, 4 varieties) - D. ser. Marginatae (1 species)
- D. ser. Folliculosae (1 species, 5 varieties)
- D. ser. Acrodontae (4 species, 2 varieties)
- D. ser. CapitellataeDryandra ser. CapitellataeDryandra ser. Capitellatae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was published by Alex George in 1996, but discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia.-Publication:George published the series in his 1996 "New taxa and a new infrageneric...
(2 species, 2 subspecies) - D. ser. IlicinaeDryandra ser. IlicinaeDryandra ser. Ilicinae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by Carl Meissner in 1856, but was discarded by George Bentham in 1870...
(3 species, 2 varieties) - D. ser. Dryandra (3 species, 2 subspecies)
- D. ser. Foliosae (3 species, 2 subspecies)
- D. ser. Decurrentes (1 species)
- D. ser. Tenuifoliae (2 species, 2 varieties)
- D. ser. Runcinatae (4 species, 7 subspecies)
- D. ser. Triangulares (3 species, 3 subspecies)
- D. ser. AphragmaDryandra ser. AphragmaDryandra ser. Aphragma is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published at sectional rank by Robert Brown in 1830, and was retained at that rank until 1999, when Alex George demoted it to a series...
(9 species, 3 subspecies) - D. ser. Ionthocarpae (1 species, 2 subspecies)
- D. ser. Inusitatae (1 species)
- D. ser. Subulatae (1 species)
- D. ser. Gymnocephalae (11 species, 4 subspecies, 2 varieties)
- D. ser. Plumosae
- D. plumosa (now Banksia plumosaBanksia plumosaBanksia plumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra plumosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)- D. plumosa subsp. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa subsp. plumosaBanksia plumosa subsp. plumosaBanksia plumosa subsp. plumosa is a subspecies of Banksia plumosa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra plumosa subsp. plumosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of...
) - D. plumosa subsp. denticulata (now Banksia plumosa subsp. denticulata)
- D. plumosa subsp. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa subsp. plumosa
- D. pseudoplumosa (now Banksia pseudoplumosaBanksia pseudoplumosaBanksia pseudoplumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. montana (now Banksia montanaBanksia montanaBanksia montana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. plumosa (now Banksia plumosa
- D. ser. Concinnae (3 species)
- D. ser. Obvallatae (7 species, 2 varieties)
- D. ser. Pectinatae (1 species)
- D. ser. Acuminatae (1 species)
- D. ser. NiveaeDryandra ser. NiveaeDryandra ser. Niveae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into Banksia.-According to...
- D. ser. Floribundae
- D. subg. HemiclidiaDryandra subg. HemiclidiaDryandra subg. Hemiclidia is an obsolete plant taxon that encompassed material that is now included in Banksia. Published at genus rank as Hemiclidia by Robert Brown in 1830, it was set aside by George Bentham in 1870, but reinstated at subgenus rank by Alex George in 1996...
(2 species) - D. subg. DiplophragmaDryandra subg. DiplophragmaDryandra subg. Diplophragma is an obsolete subgenus within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by Robert Brown in 1830, but was discarded by George Bentham in 1870...
(1 species)
- D. subg. Dryandra
Abandonment
Since 1998, Austin MastAustin Mast
Austin R. Mast is a research botanist. Born in 1972, he obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2000. He is currently an associate professor within the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University , and has been director of FSU's since August 2003.One of his...
has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence
DNA sequence
The sequence or primary structure of a nucleic acid is the composition of atoms that make up the nucleic acid and the chemical bonds that bond those atoms. Because nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are unbranched polymers, this specification is equivalent to specifying the sequence of...
data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His analyses have provided compelling evidence of the paraphyly
Paraphyly
A group of taxa is said to be paraphyletic if the group consists of all the descendants of a hypothetical closest common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups of descendants...
of Banksia
Banksia
Banksia is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes and fruiting "cones" and heads. When it comes to size, banksias range from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up...
with respect to Dryandra
Dryandra
Banksia ser. Dryandra is a series of 94 species of shrub to small tree in the plant genus Banksia. It was considered a separate genus named Dryandra until early 2007, when it was merged into Banksia on the basis of extensive molecular and morphological evidence that Banksia was paraphyletic with...
; that is, it seems that Dryandra arose from within the ranks of Banksia. Early in 2007, Mast and Kevin Thiele
Kevin Thiele
Kevin R. Thiele is curator of the Western Australian Herbarium. His research interests include the systematics of the plant families Proteaceae, Rhamnaceae and Violaceae, and the conservation ecology of grassy woodland ecosystems...
initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by sinking Dryandra into it as B. ser. Dryandra. This transfer necessitated the setting aside of George's infrageneric arrangement of Dryandra; thus D. ser. Plumosae is no longer current. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete.