Donde Quiera Que Estés
Encyclopedia
"Donde Quiera Que Estés" (Wherever You Are) is a duet by American Tejano pop
Tejano music
Tejano music or Tex-Mex music is the name given to various forms of folk and popular music originating among the Mexican-American populations of Central and Southern Texas...

 singer Selena
Selena
Selena Quintanilla-Pérez , known simply as Selena, was a Mexican American singer-songwriter. She was named the "top Latin artist of the '90s" and "Best selling Latin artist of the decade" by Billboard for her fourteen top-ten singles in the Top Latin Songs chart, including seven number-one hits...

 and Nuyorican
Nuyorican
Nuyorican is a portmanteau of the terms "New York" and "Puerto Rican" and refers to the members or culture of the Puerto Rican diaspora located in or around New York State especially the New York City metropolitan area, or of their descendants...

 band the Barrio Boyzz
Barrio Boyzz
The Barrio Boyzz were a Latin pop group. The group were made up of Puerto Rican American and Colombian Americans who grew-up in New York City. They gained popularity during the 1990s, especially when they became label-mates with the Mexican-American singer-songwriter Selena, and landed their first...

, released as the lead single
Lead single
A lead single is usually the first single released by a musician or a band before the release of its home album.During the era of the grammophone record, all music arrived in the marketplace as what is now termed a single, one potential hit song backed by an additional song of generally less...

 from the Barrio Boyzz album Dondequiera Que Estés (1993). It was written by K. C. Porter
K. C. Porter
KC Porter is an American record producer, songwriter, musician and singer. For nearly three decades in the entertainment industry, Porter has earned numerous Grammy nominations and 3 Grammys and Latin Grammys...

, Miguel Flores
Miguel Flores
Miguel Flores is a professional boxer in the Featherweight class. Flores turned pro when he turned 17 years old.-Early life:Miguel, a former senior at Sam Houston , grew up in the gym watching his brother train...

, Desmond Child
Desmond Child
Desmond Child is an American musician, songwriter, and producer. He is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame.-Career:...

, and produced by A.B. Quintanilla III, Domingo Padilla
Domingo (producer)
Domingo Padilla, better known as Domingo, is a producer from New York of Latin origin. He has produced for some of hip hop's most respected and well-known artists.-Albums:*Domingo Presents—Behind the Doors of the 13th Floor compilation...

 and Bebu Silvetti
Bebu Silvetti
Juan Fernando Silvetti Adorno , professionally known as Bebu Silvetti or simply Silvetti, was an Argentine pianist, composer, conductor, arranger and record producer...

. EMI Latin
EMI Latin
EMI Televisa Music, also known as EMI Latin and EMI International, is a subsidiary of EMI which focuses on Latin American music....

 wanted Selena to record the song with the Barrio Boyzz because of the band's popularity in the Northeastern United States, where Selena was not well known, and it could help boost her fame, fan base and bookings in cities like New York City, Boston and Philadelphia. SBK Records
SBK Records
SBK Records was a record label of the EMI Group that was founded in 1988.Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier, and Charles Koppelman formed the production company SBK in 1989 after they purchased the music publishing division of CBS Records in 1986....

 accepted the offer because the Barrio Boyzz were not recognized in the Southern United States, Selena's home ground.

After Selena was murdered
Murder of Selena
Selena, a Grammy Award-winning American singer-songwriter who gained worldwide fame as the lead vocalist of her family-oriented band Selena y Los Dinos and for her community involvement, was murdered by Yolanda Saldívar. Saldívar, Selena's former fan club president and clothing boutique manager,...

 while working on a crossover album, EMI Latin wanted to release the unfinished album, but they were short of songs. They contacted the Barrio Boyzz to re-record their verse of "Donde quiera que estés" in English, while Selena's Spanish verse remained the same. The song was subsequently named "Wherever You Are". "Donde quiera que estés" is an urban fusion song performed in a moderate R&B
Contemporary R&B
Contemporary R&B is a music genre that combines elements of hip hop, soul, R&B and funk.Although the abbreviation “R&B” originates from traditional rhythm and blues music, today the term R&B is most often used to describe a style of African American music originating after the demise of disco in...

 pop groove. It was promoted through the Barrio Boyzz' Donde Quiera Que Estés Tour in 1993–94 and Selena's Amor Prohibido Tour
Amor Prohibido Tour
The Amor Prohibido Tour was the final concert tour by popular Latin-American singer, Selena, before she was shot and killed on March 31, 1995. After her "Amor Prohibido" tour she would be getting ready for her "Crossover"-tour that would be from late April 1995- until June 1995 in Texas, then...

 in 1994–95. All performances were in the style of urban
Urban culture
Urban culture is the culture of towns and cities. In the United States, Urban culture may also sometimes be used as a euphemistic reference to contemporary African American culture.- African American culture :...

 dance. The song, and its music video released in December 1993, received positive reviews from music critics.

The song was nominated for "Vocal Duo of the Year" at the 1994 Tejano Music Awards
1994 Tejano Music Awards
The 14th Tejano Music Awards were held in 1993. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year. The Tejano Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony recognizing Tejano music musicians.- Vocalists of The Year :*Male Vocalist of The Year...

, and again for the same category in 1995 and posthumously in 1996. The song was certified Gold in Mexico and Argentina in the digital download
Music download
A music download is the transferral of music from an Internet-facing computer or website to a user's local computer. This term encompasses both legal downloads and downloads of copyright material without permission or payment...

 category, and Gold in Spain for selling more than 20,000 copies. It peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks and Latin Pop Airplay
Latin Pop Airplay
Latin Pop Airplay is a record chart published on Billboard magazine. It features Latin music information from pop music usually in Spanish. It was established by the magazine on October 8, 1994 with Mañana by Cristian Castro being the first song to reach number-one...

, number thirty-six on the Rhythmic Top 40, number eighty-nine on the Canadian Hot 100
Canadian Hot 100
The Canadian Hot 100 is a music singles popularity chart issued weekly by Billboard magazine which ranks songs in Canada. The chart debuted in the Billboard issue dated June 16, 2007 and was made available for the first time via their online services on June 7, 2007...

, number two on the Spanish Top 50 Songs and number four on the SP Airplay Chart. It has been covered by many artists since its release.

Background and production

"Donde quiera que estés" was one of the first songs composed for Dondequiera Que Estés (1993), the second studio album of Nuyorican hip hop group the Barrio Boyzz
Barrio Boyzz
The Barrio Boyzz were a Latin pop group. The group were made up of Puerto Rican American and Colombian Americans who grew-up in New York City. They gained popularity during the 1990s, especially when they became label-mates with the Mexican-American singer-songwriter Selena, and landed their first...

. It was also included in Selena's crossover
Crossover (music)
Crossover is a term applied to musical works or performers appearing on two or more of the record charts which track differing musical tastes, or genres...

 attempt Dreaming of You (1995). It was originally written by K. C. Porter. In early 1993 the Barrio Boyzz began preparations for their second studio album, and they wanted to include a duet with a popular singer who could help expand their fan base, bookings and fame. After Porter had written a collaboration for lead singer David Davilla, the group began searching for a female popular singer to perform a duet with. When EMI Latin heard that the band were looking for a female Hispanic singer, they quickly contacted SBK Records to suggest Selena. EMI wanted Selena to record the song with the Barrio Boyzz because of the band's popularity in the Northeastern United States, where Selena was not widely recognized. They considered that it might help to increase her fame, fan base and bookings in cities like New York, Boston and Philadelphia. SBK Records accepted the offer because the Barrio Boyzz were not recognized in the Southern United States, where Selena was known as the "Queen of Tejano music", dominated music charts, and was known to have millions of fans, which became a great asset to Selena and the Barrio Boyzz.

Selena flew from Corpus Christi International Airport
Corpus Christi International Airport
Corpus Christi International Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located five nautical miles west of the central business district of Corpus Christi, in Nueces County, Texas, United States.The airport's new six gate, . Hayden W...

, Texas, to New York City to begin recording the song. During the flight, Selena decided to perform for the passengers. She sang "Como la flor
Como La Flor (song)
"Como La Flor" is a song by Mexican-American singer Selena, from her third studio album, Entre a Mi Mundo . Written and produced by Selena, Abraham Quintanilla III, and Ricky Vela, the song was also produced by Abraham Quintanilla Jr, the track was released as the album's second single. It was...

", "Missing My Baby", "No debes jugar
No Debes Jugar
"No Debes Jugar" is the first single released from Selena's grammy winning album Selena Live!. The song itself was recorded in the studio as an original song to promote the album.-Music video:...

", "La llamada
La Llamada (Selena song)
"La Llamada" is the second single released from Selena's grammy winning album Selena Live!. The song was recorded as a studio track in promotion of the album.-Music video:...

", "Baila esta cumbia
Baila Esta Cumbia (song)
"Baila Esta Cumbia" is a single released by Selena in 1990 from the album Ven Conmigo. The song is what brought Selena y Los Dinos more fame then they ever imagined. It was the first number-one song in Mexico for Selena. In 2005, Kumbia Kings remixed the song from the album Duetos under the title...

" and "No quiero saber
No Quiero Saber
-Song information:The original version of "No Quiero Saber" was recorded for Selena's hit album Ven Conmigo in 1990 and was later included on Siempre Selena in a remix version. The track was released as a single in late 1996.-Chart performance:...

", while passengers sang along. She also asked the flight attendants if she could help with passing food and favors to the passengers, because she was bored and wanted to help out; she was allowed to do so, wearing an apron. While serving food, pillows and other items requested by the passengers, Selena gave compliments to each person she met. When the flight landed, Selena was taken to Avatar Studios
Avatar Studios
Avatar Studios, formerly known as The Power Station, is a recording studio at 441 West 53rd Street in Manhattan, New York City.The building was originally a Consolidated Edison power plant; but after a period of vacancy, it was used as a sound stage for the television game show Let's Make a Deal...

 and met the Barrio Boyzz. They soon became close friends and were in constant contact after recording was finished. The Barrio Boyzz told reporters that "... Selena came in full of energy, charisma and her practical jokes. We all loved her and loved hanging out with her. She had everyone in the studio laughing ..." The song was produced by Selena's brother and music producer, A.B. Quintanilla III and Domingo Padilla, who filled in for Brian "Red" Moore as the remixer
Audio mixing (recorded music)
In audio recording, audio mixing is the process by which multiple recorded sounds are combined into one or more channels, most commonly two-channel stereo. In the process, the source signals' level, frequency content, dynamics, and panoramic position are manipulated and effects such as reverb may...

. It took Selena and the Barrio Boyzz several hours to finish recording it.

After Selena was murdered while working on a crossover
Crossover (music)
Crossover is a term applied to musical works or performers appearing on two or more of the record charts which track differing musical tastes, or genres...

 album, EMI Latin wanted to release the unfinished album, but they were short of songs. They contacted the Barrio Boyzz to re-record their verse of "Donde queira que estés" in English, while Selena's Spanish verse remained the same. The lyrics were written by Porter with help from Miguel Flores and Desmond Child. The remix was recorded within a few hours and was then called "Wherever You Are".

Composition and lyric content

"Donde queira que estés" is an urban fusion song performed in a moderate R&B
Contemporary R&B
Contemporary R&B is a music genre that combines elements of hip hop, soul, R&B and funk.Although the abbreviation “R&B” originates from traditional rhythm and blues music, today the term R&B is most often used to describe a style of African American music originating after the demise of disco in...

 pop groove, influenced by new jack swing
New jack swing
New jack swing or swingbeat is a fusion genre spearheaded by Teddy Riley and Bernard Belle which became extremely popular from the late-1980s into the mid-1990s. Its influence, along with hip-hop, seeped into pop culture and was the definitive sound of the inventive Black New York club scene...

, freestyle
Freestyle music
Freestyle or Latin freestyle, sometimes referred to as Latin hip hop, is a form of electronic dance music that emerged in the early 1980s. Mostly popular during the mid 80s to the early 90s...

 and pop. Both the Spanish and English versions are in E minor
E minor
E minor is a minor scale based on the note E. The E natural minor scale consists of the pitches E, F, G, A, B, C, and D. The E harmonic minor scale contains the natural 7, D, rather than the flatted 7, D – to align with the major dominant chord, B7 .Its key signature has one sharp, F .Its...

 and in common time
Common Time
"Common Time" is a science fiction short story written by James Blish. It first appeared in the August 1953 issue of Science Fiction Quarterly and has been reprinted several times: in the 1959 short-story collection Galactic Cluster; in The Testament of Andros ; in The Penguin Science Fiction...

, to be played at a tempo
Tempo
In musical terminology, tempo is the speed or pace of a given piece. Tempo is a crucial element of any musical composition, as it can affect the mood and difficulty of a piece.-Measuring tempo:...

 of 90 beats per minute. The music uses instruments such as piano and drums. The English version had scat
Scat singing
In vocal jazz, scat singing is vocal improvisation with wordless vocables, nonsense syllables or without words at all. Scat singing gives singers the ability to sing improvised melodies and rhythms, to create the equivalent of an instrumental solo using their voice.- Structure and syllable choice...

s, which were absent from the Spanish version. Both versions were performed at a fast tempo.

The lyrics convey the love felt by two people separated by vast distances. The song starts off with a boy waking up thinking about his ex-girlfriend, while she sings that she is crying for his love and that pictures of them together, smiling and hugging, still hang on her walls. The chorus
Bridge (music)
In music, especially western popular music, a bridge is a contrasting section which also prepares for the return of the original material section...

 begins with the boy singing that, wherever she may be, he will remember her and that he will always be her first love, while Selena repeats. The boy then sings that only loneliness lives inside him and that only memories of her are still in his mind, while her kisses still linger on his lips. After this he asks "will time and distance make you want me more? and bring me back your love?" while Selena sings that "only time will tell". He then repeats that he is her first love, before asking her for the last time "will time and distance make you want me more? and bring me back your love?", ending the song.

Release

"Donde queira que estés" was released on radio stations in August 1993. The track was released as a CD single and cassette single
Compact Cassette
The Compact Cassette, often referred to as audio cassette, cassette tape, cassette, or simply tape, is a magnetic tape sound recording format. It was designed originally for dictation, but improvements in fidelity led the Compact Cassette to supplant the Stereo 8-track cartridge and reel-to-reel...

 on March 30, 1994, in Mexico. AMPROFON did not issue any certification for the single, but in November 2002 they gave the song Gold certification for more than 1,500 digital downloads. The song was released as a 12-inch single
12-inch single
The 12-inch single is a type of gramophone record that has wider groove spacing compared to other types of records. This allows for louder levels to be cut on the disc by the cutting engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range, and thus better sound quality...

 in the United States, but it sold poorly and received no certification from the RIAA
Recording Industry Association of America
The Recording Industry Association of America is a trade organization that represents the recording industry distributors in the United States...

. A promotional single was released in Spain at the same time as Selena's album Amor Prohibido
Amor Prohibido
Amor Prohibido is the fifth studio album by American Tejano pop singer Selena. The album was released on March 13, 1994 by EMI Latin. It was re-released on September 24, 2002, as part of the Selena: 20 Years of Music collection, and included music videos and spoken liner notes by her family,...

(1994). It subsequently sold over 20,000 copies and was certified Gold by PROMUSICAE. In January 2003 the song was certified Gold by CAPIF
Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers
The Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers is an Argentine organization member of the IFPI, which represents the music industry in the country. It is a nonprofit organization integrated by multinational and independent record labels....

 for more than 10,000 digital downloads.

Critical reception and covers

Raúl Manuel Rodríguez of the Mexican newspaper El Dictamen praised the chemistry between Selena and the Barrio Boyzz felt on the song. Carlos Meléndez, of El Nuevo Día
El Nuevo Día
El Nuevo Día is a Puerto Rican newspaper based in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico and distributed daily throughout Puerto Rico and some parts of the United States.- History :...

, believed that Selena was the true gem in the duet and that she was the right person to be featured on "Donde queira que estés". Meléndez stated that "... It was imperative that Selena was chosen to collaborate in "Donde queira que estés". If Selena wasn't on this track, it would have been a mere waste and unsatisfying. Don't get me wrong, the Barrio Boyzz are very talented, but what Selena brought to this track is what really blew me away. Antonio Morales of Gringo Gazette
Gringo Gazette
The Gringo Gazette is an English-language newspaper founded by Carrie Duncan, published every other week for the American expatriate communities in Baja California and Baja California Sur, Mexico. It has been published since 2001. Most of its contributors are Americans living in Mexico or Americans...

stated that the song is "... an R&B-funk song, [that] helped the Barrio Boyzz crossover to the south, while it also benefited Selena, who expanded her fan base in the north ..." He also wrote that "... although [the song was] a hit in the United States and Mexico, the two companies failed to promote the song further, damaging Selena and the Barrio Boyzz' chances of international recognition ..." Throughout March 2010, "Donde queira que estés" and a few other Selena music videos formed part of a tribute to mark the fifteenth anniversary of Selena's death. It was broadcast to 42 million homes nationwide on Music Choice On Demand
Music Choice
Music Choice is a United States company that programs music and produces music-related content for digital cable, cell phones, and cable modem subscribers in the US. Music Choice programs dozens of audio music channels for digital cable subscribers, as well as programs and produces music-related...

.

"Donde queira que estés" has been recorded or performed live by popular Latin American and American artists. Salsa singers Isidro Infante and La Elite covered the song for the album Familia RMM Recordando A Selena
RMM Records & Video
RMM Records, also known as RMM Records & Video Corp, was an independent Latin music record label based in New York City, The record label was formed originally as RMM Management by one of Fania Records promoter Ralph Mercado, but in 1987 it started operating as a record label, with Angelito...

(1996). Aleks Syntek and Fey covered it during the Selena ¡VIVE! tribute concert on April 7, 2005, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Selena's death.

Background and synopsis

The music video for "Donde queira que estés" was filmed on November 10, 1993, with Laurice Bell directing. It was released on Latin American music channels a month later. Selena arrived in New York City to film the video at around , while the temperature was around 30 °F (-1.1 °C). She wore dominatrix-type clothing with no jacket; she told her brother that she was freezing the whole time, as the video took about twelve hours to shoot, finishing at around The video was produced by Tango Productions and EMI Latin in partnership with SBK Records. The dance moves used in the video were in urban-dance and pop styles and included New York City dance moves, which were influenced by hip hop and rap
Hip hop music
Hip hop music, also called hip-hop, rap music or hip-hop music, is a musical genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted...

 artists. Aaron Brennan choreographed the video.

The video opens with David Davilla holding a portrait and singing to it behind a tall complex building in New York City, while Angel Ramirez sings in harmony in front of a portrait. Seen next are Selena's mouth and lower jaw, and her hair moving with the wind. She then speaks her line while touching one side of her face, slowly moving her hands downward. The Barrio Boyzz and Selena then dance in urban style. In the next scene, Selena and Davilla sing together, and in the next, Selena is sitting on the steps outside an apartment building, resting her head on the top step, singing and appearing depressed. Later, she rejoins the Barrio Boyzz and dances urban style again. The video ends with Selena and the Barrio Boyzz singing in the sunset, behind a busy road.

Reception

The video was received positively by music critics. In his one-page special dedicated to Selena, Raúl Manuel Rodríguez of El Dictamen wrote that the song "... was the crossover video for both Selena and the Barrio Boyzz', as it served to help boost their performances worldwide ..." Rodríguez placed the song at number seven in his "Top 10 Selena music videos". Juanita Carmen Jimenez of Furia Musical
Furia Musical
Furia Musical is a Mexican music magazine published by Editorial Televisa, which includes articles and gossip about the famous singers in this genre. The magazine currently has Mexico and USA editions as well as an awards show that is broadcast by Televisa, Galavisión and Univision.The magazine...

stated that the music video had instantly made her want to dance and commented that "... Selena and the Barrio Boyzz' chemistry is very tantalizing and amusing. I just love Selena's sexy moves and fierce facial expressions. They had me on my feet and dancing along ..."

Certifications

Country Format Certifications
(sales thresholds)
Sales
Mexico (AMPROFON) Digital Track
Music download
A music download is the transferral of music from an Internet-facing computer or website to a user's local computer. This term encompasses both legal downloads and downloads of copyright material without permission or payment...

Gold 1,500+
Spain (PROMUSICAE) Single Gold 20,000+
Argentina (CAPIF
Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers
The Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers is an Argentine organization member of the IFPI, which represents the music industry in the country. It is a nonprofit organization integrated by multinational and independent record labels....

)
Digital Downloads Gold 10,000+


Charts

Chart (1994) Peak
position
US Hot Latin Tracks (Billboard) 1
US Latin Pop Airplay
Latin Pop Airplay
Latin Pop Airplay is a record chart published on Billboard magazine. It features Latin music information from pop music usually in Spanish. It was established by the magazine on October 8, 1994 with Mañana by Cristian Castro being the first song to reach number-one...

 (Billboard)
1
Chart (1995) Position
US Rhythmic Top 40 (Billboard) 36
US Hot Latin Tracks (Billboard) 4
US Latin Pop Airplay (Billboard) 17
Canadian Hot 100
Canadian Hot 100
The Canadian Hot 100 is a music singles popularity chart issued weekly by Billboard magazine which ranks songs in Canada. The chart debuted in the Billboard issue dated June 16, 2007 and was made available for the first time via their online services on June 7, 2007...

89
Spanish Top 50 Songs 2
SP Airplay Chart 4


Awards and nominations

Year Awards ceremony Award Results
1994 Tejano Music Awards
Tejano Music Awards
The Tejano Music Awards had been launched in 1980 by former art teacher and music veteran Rudy Trevino and the leader of the Latin Breed Band, Gilbert Escobedo. Only 1,500 fans turned out for the first Tejano Music Awards. Over the years, San Antonio evolved into the Nashville of Tejano music...

 
Vocal Duo of the Year
1995 Tejano Music Awards Single of the Year
Tejano Music Awards Song of the Year
Tejano Music Awards Vocal Duo of the Year
1996 Tejano Music Awards Vocal Duo of the Year
Tejano Music Awards Song of the Year

Track listing

  • U.S. 12" Vinyl (1994)
  1. "Donde queira que estés" – 4:25

  • Mexico Promo Single
    CD single
    A CD single is a music single in the form of a standard size Compact Disc, not to be confused with the 3-inch CD single, which uses a smaller form factor. The format was introduced in the mid-1980s, but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s...

     (1994)
  1. "Donde queira que estés" – 4:25

  • Mexico Promo Cassette
    Cassette single
    A cassette single is a music single in the form of a Compact Cassette.- History :...

     (1994)
  1. "Donde queira que estés" – 4:25
  2. "Donde queira que estés" (Radio Edit) – 4:15


  • Spain CD Single (1995)
  1. "Donde queira que estés" – 4:25

  • Mexico Digital Download
    Music download
    A music download is the transferral of music from an Internet-facing computer or website to a user's local computer. This term encompasses both legal downloads and downloads of copyright material without permission or payment...

     (2002)
  1. "Donde queira que estés" – 4:25

  • Argentina Digital Download (2002)
  1. "Donde queira que estés" – 4:25


Credits and personnel

Music video
  • Directed by: Laurice Bell
  • Produced by: Jose Behar (EMI Latin), Desmond Charles (Tango Productions)
  • Written by: Laurice Bell
  • Starring: Selena, Barrio Boyzz
  • Costume Designed by: Selena, Martin Gomez
  • Production Manager: Abraham Quintanilla Jr
  • Choreographer: Aaron Brennan


Donde Quiera Que Estés
  • Selena – vocals
  • Joe Ojeda – piano
  • Chris Pérez
    Chris Perez
    Christopher Gilbert "Chris" Pérez is a American guitarist and the widower of "The Queen of Tejano music" Selena. He is currently a guitarist for A.B. Quintanilla III y Los Kumbia All Starz since he joined in 2006. Prior to that, Pérez was the lead guitarist for his wife's band Selena y Los Dinos...

     – electric guitar
  • Suzette Quintanilla – drums
  • A.B. Quintanilla III – producer
  • K. C. Porter – writer
  • Miguel Flores – collaborative writing
  • Desmond Child – collaborative writing
  • Lisette Lorenzo – art direction
  • Domingo Padilla – audio mixer
    Audio mixing (recorded music)
    In audio recording, audio mixing is the process by which multiple recorded sounds are combined into one or more channels, most commonly two-channel stereo. In the process, the source signals' level, frequency content, dynamics, and panoramic position are manipulated and effects such as reverb may...


See also


External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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