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Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s whose seed
Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
 typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledon
Cotyledon

A cotyledon is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaf of a seedling....
s. There are around 199,350 species
Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
 within this group. Flowering plants that are not dicotyledons are monocotyledon
Monocotyledon

Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of flowering plants that are traditionally recognised, the other being dicotyledons or dicots....
s, typically having one embryonic leaf.

Dicotyledons are not a monophyletic group, and therefore the names "dicotyledons" and "dicots" are, strictly speaking, deprecated.






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Young Castor Bean Plant Showing Prominent Cotyledons
Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s whose seed
Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
 typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledon
Cotyledon

A cotyledon is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaf of a seedling....
s. There are around 199,350 species
Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
 within this group. Flowering plants that are not dicotyledons are monocotyledon
Monocotyledon

Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of flowering plants that are traditionally recognised, the other being dicotyledons or dicots....
s, typically having one embryonic leaf.

Dicotyledons are not a monophyletic group, and therefore the names "dicotyledons" and "dicots" are, strictly speaking, deprecated. However, the vast majority of "dicots", do form a monophyletic group called the eudicots
Eudicots

Eudicots and Eudicotyledons are terms introduced by Doyle & Hotton to refer to a group of flowering plants that had been called "tricolpates" or "non-Magnoliid dicots" by previous authors....
 or tricolpates. These may be distinguished from all other flowering plants by the structure of their pollen
Pollen

Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of Gametophyte , which produce the male gametes of spermatophyta. A hard coat covering the pollen grain protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement between the stamens of the flower to the pistil of the next flower....
. Other dicotyledons and monocotyledons have monosulcate pollen, or forms derived from it, whereas eudicots have tricolpate pollen, or derived forms, the pollen having three or more pores set in furrows called colpi.

Traditionally the dicots have been called the Dicotyledones (or Dicotyledoneae), at any rank. If treated as a class, as in the Cronquist system, they may be called the Magnoliopsida after the type genus Magnolia
Magnolia

Magnolia is a large genus of about 210 flowering plant species in the subclass Magnolioideae of the Family Magnoliaceae.The natural range of Magnolia species is a disjunct distribution, with a main center in east and southeast Asia and a secondary center in eastern North America, Central America, the West Indies, and some species i...
. In some schemes, the eudicots are treated as a separate class, the Rosopsida
Rosopsida

Rosopsida August Batsch 1788 is a botanical name for a group of flowering plants recognized at the rank of class. The name is derived from that of the included family Rosaceae....
 (type genus Rosa), or as several separate classes. The remaining dicots (palaeodicots) may be kept in a single paraphyletic class, called Magnoliopsida, or further divided.

Compared to Monocotyledons


Aside from cotyledon number, other broad differences have been noted between monocots and dicots, although these have proven to be differences primarily between monocots and eudicots
Eudicots

Eudicots and Eudicotyledons are terms introduced by Doyle & Hotton to refer to a group of flowering plants that had been called "tricolpates" or "non-Magnoliid dicots" by previous authors....
. Many early-diverging dicot groups have "monocot" characteristics such as scattered vascular bundles, trimerous flowers, and non-tricolpate pollen. In addition, some monocots have dicot characteristics such as reticulated leaf veins.

Seeds: The embryo of the monocot has one cotyledon
Cotyledon

A cotyledon is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaf of a seedling....
 or seed leaf while the embryo of the dicot has two.

Flowers: The flower parts in monocots are multiples of three while in dicots are multiples of four or five.

Stems: In monocots, the stem
Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaf, inflorescence , conifer cones or other stems etc....
 vascular bundle
Vascular bundle

A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants. The transport itself happens in vascular tissue, which exists in two forms: xylem and phloem....
s are scattered
Scattered

Scattered is a famous rave party based in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1998 as a small 150 person event, it has grown over time to large-scale rave which regularly hosts some of the worlds leading happy hardcore, gabber and hard trance DJ's....
, while in dicots they are in a ring.

Secondary growth: In monocots, stems rarely show secondary growth
Secondary growth

In many vascular plants, secondary growth is the result of the activity of the vascular cambium. The latter is a meristem that divides to produce secondary xylem plant cells on the inside of the meristem and secondary phloem cells on the outside ....
; in dicots, stems frequently have secondary growth
Secondary growth

In many vascular plants, secondary growth is the result of the activity of the vascular cambium. The latter is a meristem that divides to produce secondary xylem plant cells on the inside of the meristem and secondary phloem cells on the outside ....
.

Pollen: In monocots, pollen has one furrow or pore
Stoma

In botany, a stoma is a pore, found in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used forgas exchange. The pore is formed by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells which are responsible for regulating the size of the opening....
 while in dicots they have three.

Roots: The roots are adventitious
Adventitious

Adventitious, in botany, refers to structures that develop in an unusual place, and in medicine, it refers to conditions acquired after birth. This article discusses adventitious roots, buds and shoots, which are very common in vascular plants....
 in monocots, while in dicots they develop from the radicle
Radicle

In botany, the radicle is the first part of a seedling to emerge from the seed during the process of germination. The radicle is the embryonic root of the plant, and grows downward in the soil....
.

Leaves: In monocots, the major leaf veins
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 are parallel
Parallel (geometry)

Parallelism is a term in geometry and in everyday life that refers to a property in Euclidean space of two or more line s or plane , or a combination of these....
, while in dicots they are reticulated.

Classification


APG

The following lists are of the orders formerly placed in the dicots, giving their new placement in the APG
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to two international groups of systematic botany who came together to try to establish a consensus view of the taxonomy of flowering plants that would reflect new knowledge in angiosperm relationships based upon molecular systematics studies....
-system and that under the older Cronquist system
Cronquist system

A list of systems of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants . This system was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants ....
, which is still in wide use.
APG II
APG II system

A modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the APG II system of plant classification was published in 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG, in...
Cronquist system
Cronquist system

A list of systems of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants . This system was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants ....
 Amborellaceae
Amborellaceae

Amborellaceae is a family of flowering plants Endemism to New Caledonia. The family consists of only a single species, Amborella trichopoda....


Chloranthaceae
Chloranthaceae

Chloranthaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family consists of four genera, totalling several dozen species, of herbaceous or woody plants primarily occurring in the tropics and sub-tropics....


Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae is a name for a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and Tropics around the world....
 [+ Cabombaceae
Cabombaceae

Cabombaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by at least some taxonomists. The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, , totalling half-a-dozen species....
]

Austrobaileyales
Austrobaileyales

Austrobaileyales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, consisting of about 100 species of woody plants, perhaps the most famous of which is the spice star anise....


Ceratophyllales magnoliids
  • Canellales
    Canellales

    Canellales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is defined to contain two families: Canellaceae and Winteraceae, which comprise 136 species of fragrant trees and shrubs....
  • Laurales
    Laurales

    The Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are a basal group of dicots, related to, and formerly sometimes included in, the Magnoliales....
  • Magnoliales
    Magnoliales

    Magnoliales is an order of flowering plants....
  • Piperales
    Piperales

    Piperales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time....
eudicots
Eudicots

Eudicots and Eudicotyledons are terms introduced by Doyle & Hotton to refer to a group of flowering plants that had been called "tricolpates" or "non-Magnoliid dicots" by previous authors....
  • Buxaceae
    Buxaceae

    Buxaceae is a small family of four or five genera and about 90-120 species of flowering plants. They are shrubs and small trees, with a cosmopolitan distribution....
     [+ Didymelaceae
    Didymelaceae

    Didymelaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by a fair number of taxonomists, at least over the past few decades....
    ]
  • Sabiaceae
    Sabiaceae

    Sabiaceae is a family of flowering plants, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of southern Asia and the Americas.In the Cronquist system the family was placed in the order Ranunculales, but more recent classifications place it as the sole family in the order Sabiales, or , as unplaced to order and left among the basal linea...
  • Trochodendraceae
    Trochodendraceae

    Trochodendraceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants.The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognizes this family: it is unplaced as to order and left among the basal lineages of the eudicots....
     [+ Tetracentraceae
    Tetracentraceae

    Tetracentraceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by many taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , does not formally use this family; it assumes the plants involved to belong to family Trochodendraceae....
    ]
  • Proteales
    Proteales

    Proteales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by almost all taxonomists....
  • Ranunculales
    Ranunculales

    Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family.The APG system and the APG II system both recognize the order and place it among the basal eudicots, not assigned to a further clade....
  • ;core eudicots
    • Aextoxicaceae
    • Berberidopsidaceae
      Berberidopsidaceae

      Berberidopsidaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by only a few taxonomists: the plants involved have often been treated as belonging to family Flacourtiaceae....
    • Dilleniaceae
      Dilleniaceae

      Dilleniaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It is known to gardeners for the genus Hibbertia, which contains many commercially valuable garden species....
    • Gunnerales
      Gunnerales

      Gunnerales is an order of flowering plants. In the APG II system it contains two genera: Gunnera and Myrothamnus. These may both be assigned to the same family or to two separate families ....
    • Caryophyllales
      Caryophyllales

      Caryophyllales is an Order of flowering plants that includes the cactus, Dianthus caryophylluss, amaranths, ice plants, and most carnivorous plants....
    • Santalales
      Santalales

      Santalales is an order of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions.Most have seeds without a testa, which is unusual for flowering plants....
    • Saxifragales
      Saxifragales

      The Saxifragales are an order of dicotyledon flowering plants. In the APG II classification system, it includes the following families:* Family Altingiaceae ...
    • ;rosids
      Rosids

      In the APG II system for the classification of the angiosperms the name rosids refers to a clade, meaning a monophyletic group of plants. This clade is one of the two main groups in the eudicots, the other being the asterids....
      • Aphloiaceae
        Aphloiaceae

        Aphloiaceae Armen Takhtajan 1985, is a monogeneric Family of flowering plants. It contains only one species Aphloia theiformis Benn., a species of evergreen shrubs or small trees occurring in East Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles....
      • Geissolomataceae
        Geissolomataceae

        The Geissolomataceae is a monotypic family of flowering plants native to the Cape Province of South Africa. The plants are xerophytic evergreen shrubs and are known to accumulate aluminum....
      • Ixerbaceae
      • Picramniaceae
      • Strasburgeriaceae
      • Vitaceae
        Vitaceae

        Vitaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants including the grape and Virginia creeper. The family name is derived from the genus Vitis....
      • Crossosomatales
        Crossosomatales

        The Crossosomatales are an order, newly recognized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, of flowering plants, included within the Rosids, which are part of the eudicots....
      • Geraniales
        Geraniales

        The Geraniales are a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The largest family in the order is the Geraniaceae with over 800 species....
      • Myrtales
        Myrtales

        The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a basal group within the rosid group of dicotyledons . The following families are typical of newer classifications:...
      • ;eurosids I
        • Zygophyllaceae
          Zygophyllaceae

          The Zygophyllaceae, of about 250 species, are a family of flowering plants, also known as the bean-caper or caltrop family.According to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group , the heterogeneous family Zygophyllaceae is unplaced to order, but included in the Eurosids I as a sister to a clade composed of several orders....
           [+ Krameriaceae]
        • Huaceae
        • Celastrales
          Celastrales

          The Celastrales are an order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. Newer classifications include the following three families:...
        • Cucurbitales
          Cucurbitales

          The Cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. This order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropic and temperate regions....
        • Fabales
          Fabales

          Fabales is an order of flowering plants. It is included in the Rosids group of the eudicots in the APG II system classification system. In the APG II circumscription this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes , Quillajaceae, Polygalaceae or milkworts , and Surianaceae....
        • Fagales
          Fagales

          The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches....
        • Malpighiales
          Malpighiales

          The Malpighiales are a large order of flowering plants, included in the group named eurosids I in the recent Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification....
        • Oxalidales
          Oxalidales

          The Oxalidales are an order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The following families are typically placed here:...
        • Rosales
          Rosales

          Rosales is an order of flowering plants, including nine family , the type family being the rose family Rosaceae. These nine families are those shown by the genetic analysis carried out by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group to be related to each other....
      • ;eurosids II
        • Tapisciaceae
          Tapisciaceae

          Tapisciaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Until recently it had been abandoned by taxonomists, and it was not recognised in the APG II system of 2003....
        • Brassicales
          Brassicales

          The Brassicales are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. Brassicales sensu APG II includes families classified under Capparales in previous classifications....
        • Malvales
          Malvales

          Malvales is the name of an Scientific classification of flowering plants. As circumscribed by Angiosperm Phylogeny Group-system, it includes about 6000 species within nine Scientific classification....
        • Sapindales
          Sapindales

          Sapindales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, Horse-chestnut s, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; and mahogany....
    • ;asterids
      Asterids

      In the APG II system for the classification of flowering plants, the name asterids refers to a clade .Most of the taxa belonging to this clade had been referred to the Asteridae in the Cronquist system and to the Sympetalae in earlier systems....
      • Cornales
        Cornales

        Cornales is an order of flowering plants, basal among the asterids, which are part of the core eudicots. Under the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system, it includes the following families:...
      • Ericales
        Ericales

        The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons, including for example tea, persimmon, blueberry, Brazil nut, and azalea. The order includes trees and shrubes, lianas and herbaceous plants....
      • ;euasterids I
        • Boraginaceae
          Boraginaceae

          Boraginaceae Juss. 1789, the Borage or Forget-me-not family, includes a variety of shrubs, trees, and herbs, totaling about 2,000 species in 100 genus found worldwide....
        • Icacinaceae
          Icacinaceae

          Icacinaceae is a family of trees and lianes found primarily in the tropics.The family was traditionally circumscribed quite broadly, with around 54 genera totalling over 400 species....
        • Oncothecaceae
        • Vahliaceae
        • Garryales
          Garryales

          The Garryales are a small order of dicotyledons, including only two families and three genera:* Family Garryaceae**Garrya**Aucuba* Family Eucommiaceae...
        • Gentianales
          Gentianales

          Gentianales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.The circumscription of Gentiales in the Cronquist system included a broadly defined Loganiaceae , Retziaceae, Gentianaceae, Saccifoliaceae, Apocynaceae, and Asclepiadaceae....
        • Lamiales
          Lamiales

          The order Lamiales is a taxon in the Asteridae group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided up into about 10 family ....
        • Solanales
          Solanales

          The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order....
      • ;euasterids II
        • Bruniaceae
          Bruniaceae

          Bruniaceae is a family of shrubs native to the cape region of South Africa. They are mostly restricted to the Cape Province, but a small number of species occur in KwaZulu-Natal....
        • Columelliaceae
          Columelliaceae

          Columelliaceae is a family of trees and shrubs native to the Andes of South America.In the APG II taxonomy they are placed in the order Lamiales, but a 2008 study suggested that they are sister to the Bruniaceae, and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website proposes incorporating this finding by placing both families in order Bruniales....
           [+ Desfontainiaceae]
        • Eremosynaceae
        • Escalloniaceae
          Escalloniaceae

          The Escalloniaceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 130 species in seven genera. In the APG II system it is one of eight families in the euasterids II clade that are unplaced as to order....
        • Paracryphiaceae
          Paracryphiaceae

          Paracryphiaceae is a family of woody shrubs and trees native to Australia, south-east Asia, and New Caledonia. Under the APG II system, this family contains two genera: the monotypic Paracryphia, endemic to New Caledonia; and Quintinia, with 25 species in the Philippines, New Guinea, the east coast of Australia, New Zealand and New Ca...
        • Polyosmaceae
        • Sphenostemonaceae
        • Tribelaceae
        • Apiales
          Apiales

          The Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families given at right are typical of newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided....
        • Aquifoliales
          Aquifoliales

          The Aquifoliales are an order of flowering plants, including most notably the Aquifoliaceae, or holly family, and also the Helwingiaceae and the Phyllonomaceae ....
        • Asterales
          Asterales

          The Asterales are an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants which include the composite family Asteraceae and its related families.The order is cosmopolitic, and includes mostly herbaceous species, although a small number of trees and shrubs is also present....
        • Dipsacales
          Dipsacales

          The Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.Under the Cronquist system, the order included Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Valerianaceae....


Note: "+ ..." = optional segregrate family, that may be split off from the preceding family. 		Magnoliopsida

Magnoliidae
Magnoliidae

Magnoliidae are a group of about 9,000 species of flowering plants, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, and many others....
 (mostly basal dicots)
  • Magnoliales
    Magnoliales

    Magnoliales is an order of flowering plants....
  • Laurales
    Laurales

    The Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are a basal group of dicots, related to, and formerly sometimes included in, the Magnoliales....
  • Piperales
    Piperales

    Piperales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time....
  • Aristolochiales
    Aristolochiaceae

    The Aristolochiaceae, or the Birthwort family, are a family of flowering plants with 8 genera and about 400 species belonging to the order Piperales....
  • Illiciales
    Austrobaileyales

    Austrobaileyales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, consisting of about 100 species of woody plants, perhaps the most famous of which is the spice star anise....
  • Nymphaeales
    Nymphaeales

    Nymphaeales is a botanical name at the rank of order . When recognized, it includes Nymphaeaceae and sometimes other aquatic plants. This order is not part of the APG II system 2003 plant classification , which instead has a broadly circumscribed family Nymphaeaceae unplaced in any order....
  • Ranunculales
    Ranunculales

    Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family.The APG system and the APG II system both recognize the order and place it among the basal eudicots, not assigned to a further clade....
  • Papaverales
    Ranunculales

    Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family.The APG system and the APG II system both recognize the order and place it among the basal eudicots, not assigned to a further clade....
Hamamelidae
  • Trochodendrales
    Trochodendrales

    Trochodendrales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. An order by this name was recognised in the Cronquist system, as comprising the families Tetracentraceae and Trochodendraceae, each consisting of a single species....
  • Hamamelidales
    Hamamelidales

    Hamamelidales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system included the order in subclass Hamamelidae with the wiktionary:circumscription:...
  • Daphniphyllales
    Daphniphyllum

    Daphniphyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Daphniphyllaceae, including about 25 species, all evergreen shrubs and trees native to east and southeast Asia....
  • Didymelales
    Didymeles

    Didymeles is a genus of flowering plants. It is variously treated in the family Buxaceae, or as the only genus of the family Didymelaceae. The genus is native to Madagascar and the Comoro Islands and consists of two species of evergreen trees:...
  • Eucommia
    Eucommia

    Eucommia is a small tree Native plant to China. It is extinct in the wild, but is widely cultivated in China for its bark, highly valued in herbology such as Traditional Chinese medicine ....
    les
  • Urticales
    Urticales

    Urticales is a botanical name for what used to be an order of flowering plants. This order was recognized in many, perhaps even most, list of systems of plant taxonomy, with some variations in wiktionary: cirumscription....
  • Leitneriales
  • Juglandales
    Juglandales

    Juglandales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. This order was recognised in several list of systems of plant taxonomy . The Cronquist system placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae, as comprising the families Juglandaceae and Rhoipteleaceae, the latter consisting of only a single species....
  • Myricales
  • Fagales
    Fagales

    The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches....
  • Casuarinales
    Casuarinaceae

    Casuarinaceae is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of 3 or 4 genera and approximately 70 species of trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics , Australia, and the Pacific islands....
Caryophyllidae
Caryophyllidae

Caryophyllidae is a botanical name at the rank of Subclass . At the moment there is no complete consensus about what Order it includes, except that it presumably contains the order Caryophyllales....
  • Caryophyllales
    Caryophyllales

    Caryophyllales is an Order of flowering plants that includes the cactus, Dianthus caryophylluss, amaranths, ice plants, and most carnivorous plants....
  • Polygonales
    Polygonaceae

    Polygonaceae is a family of flowering plants also known as the "knotweed family" or "smartweed family". The name is based on the genus Polygonum....
  • Plumbaginales
    Plumbaginaceae

    Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family....
Dilleniidae
Dilleniidae

Dillenidae is a botanical name at the rank of Subclass .wiktionary: circumscription of the subclass will vary with the wiktionary:taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being that it includes the family Dilleniaceae....
  • Dilleniales
    Dilleniales

    Dilleniales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system, of 1981, recognized such order and placed it in subclass Dilleniidae....
  • Theales
    Theales

    Theales is a botanical name at the rank of order . The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae, in the 1981 version of the system the circumscription was:...
  • Malvales
    Malvales

    Malvales is the name of an Scientific classification of flowering plants. As circumscribed by Angiosperm Phylogeny Group-system, it includes about 6000 species within nine Scientific classification....
  • Lecythidales
    Lecythidales

    Lecythidales is a botanical name at the rank of order . The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order placed in subclass Dilleniidae. This order included only the family Lecythidaceae, which family now is placed in the order Ericales....
  • Nepenthales
    Nepenthales

    Nepenthales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. The name was used by the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae, which in the 1981 version of this system included:...
  • Violales
    Violales

    Violales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants and takes its name from the included family Violaceae. The name has been used in several list of systems of plant taxonomy, although some systems used the name Parietales for similar groupings....
  • Salicales
    Salicaceae

    Salicaceae is a family of flowering plants. Recent genetics studies by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 57 genera....
  • Capparales
    Capparales

    Capparales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It was used in the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae and in the Kubitzki system, nowadays....
  • Batales
    Batales

    Batales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. This name was used in several list of systems of plant taxonomy, sometimes in the spelling Batidales....
  • Ericales
    Ericales

    The Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons, including for example tea, persimmon, blueberry, Brazil nut, and azalea. The order includes trees and shrubes, lianas and herbaceous plants....
  • Diapensiales
  • Ebenales
    Ebenales

    Ebenales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. This name was used in several list of systems of plant taxonomy, for example the Bentham & Hooker system and the Engler system, although the Wettstein system preferred the name Diospyrales'....
  • Primulales
    Primulales

    Primulales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. This name was used in several list of systems of plant taxonomy with little variation in circumscription ....
Rosidae
Rosidae

Under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Rosidae is a botanical name at the rank of Subclass . wiktionary: circumscription of the subclass will vary with the wiktionary:taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being that it includes the Family Rosaceae....
  • Rosales
    Rosales

    Rosales is an order of flowering plants, including nine family , the type family being the rose family Rosaceae. These nine families are those shown by the genetic analysis carried out by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group to be related to each other....
  • Fabales
    Fabales

    Fabales is an order of flowering plants. It is included in the Rosids group of the eudicots in the APG II system classification system. In the APG II circumscription this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes , Quillajaceae, Polygalaceae or milkworts , and Surianaceae....
  • Proteales
    Proteales

    Proteales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by almost all taxonomists....
  • Podostemales
  • Haloragales
    Haloragales

    Haloragales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. In the Cronquist system of classification, of 1981, it was placed in subclass Rosidae and had this circumscription:...
  • Myrtales
    Myrtales

    The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a basal group within the rosid group of dicotyledons . The following families are typical of newer classifications:...
  • Rhizophorales
    Rhizophoraceae

    Rhizophoraceae is a family constituted by tropical or subtropical flowering plants. Among the better known members are mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora....
  • Cornales
    Cornales

    Cornales is an order of flowering plants, basal among the asterids, which are part of the core eudicots. Under the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system, it includes the following families:...
  • Santalales
    Santalales

    Santalales is an order of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions.Most have seeds without a testa, which is unusual for flowering plants....
  • Rafflesiales
    Rafflesiales

    Rafflesiales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The name was first published by Daniel Oliver in 1895. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following wiktionary:circumscription :...
  • Celastrales
    Celastrales

    The Celastrales are an order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. Newer classifications include the following three families:...
  • Euphorbiales
    Euphorbiales

    Euphorbiales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists.In the APG II system the plants involved are placed in order Malpighiales....
  • Rhamnales
    Rhamnales

    The Rhamnales are an order of dicotyledon plants. In the Cronquist system, the following families were placed here:* Family Elaeagnaceae ? * Family Leeaceae...
  • Linales
    Linales

    Linales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following wiktionary:circumscription :...
  • Polygalales
  • Sapindales
    Sapindales

    Sapindales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, Horse-chestnut s, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; and mahogany....
  • Geraniales
    Geraniales

    The Geraniales are a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The largest family in the order is the Geraniaceae with over 800 species....
  • Apiales
    Apiales

    The Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families given at right are typical of newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided....
Asteridae
Asteridae

Asteridae is a botanical name at the rank of Subclass . wiktionary: circumscription of the subclass has varied with the wiktionary:taxonomic system being used but by definition always includes the family Asteraceae ....
  • Gentianales
    Gentianales

    Gentianales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.The circumscription of Gentiales in the Cronquist system included a broadly defined Loganiaceae , Retziaceae, Gentianaceae, Saccifoliaceae, Apocynaceae, and Asclepiadaceae....
  • Solanales
    Solanales

    The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order....
  • Lamiales
    Lamiales

    The order Lamiales is a taxon in the Asteridae group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided up into about 10 family ....
  • Callitrichales
    Callitrichales

    Callitrichales Dumort is an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by American botanist Arthur Cronquist in the Cronquist system , the order included three families:...
  • Plantaginales
  • Scrophulariales
  • Campanulales
    Campanulales

    Campanulales is a valid botanic name for a plant order. It was used in the Cronquist system as an order within the subclass Asteridae in the class Magnoliopsida flowering plants....
  • Rubiales
    Rubiales

    The Rubiales are an order of flowering plants in the Cronquist system, including the families Rubiaceae and Theligonaceae. Newer systems place them within the Gentianales....
  • Dipsacales
    Dipsacales

    The Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.Under the Cronquist system, the order included Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Valerianaceae....
  • Calycerales
    Calycerales

    The Calycerales is a valid botanic name for an order of flowering plants. When accepted, it included the Acicarpha and the Calycera. These are now placed in the Asterales, and Calycerales treated as a synonym of Asterales....
  • Asterales
    Asterales

    The Asterales are an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants which include the composite family Asteraceae and its related families.The order is cosmopolitic, and includes mostly herbaceous species, although a small number of trees and shrubs is also present....


Dahlgren and Thorne systems

In the Dahlgren and the Thorne systems the name Magnoliidae
Magnoliidae

Magnoliidae are a group of about 9,000 species of flowering plants, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, and many others....
 is used for the dicotyledons. This is also the case in some of the systems derived from the Cronquist system. For each system, only the superorders are listed. The sequence of each system has been altered to pair corresponding taxa, although circumscription of superorders with the same name is not always the same. The Thorne system (1992)
Thorne system (1992)

A modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist Robert Folger Thorne . He replaced it in 2000 with a new system....
 is the version of the system as depicted by Reveal.

Comparison of the Dahlgren and Thorne systems
Dahlgren system
Dahlgren system

One of the modern list of systems of plant taxonomy, the Dahlgren system was published by monocotyledons specialist Rolf Martin Theodor Dahlgren....
 Thorne system
Magnolianae
Ranunculanae		 Magnolianae
Rafflesianae
Nymphaeanae Nymphaeanae
Caryophyllanae Caryophyllanae
Theanae
Plumbaginanae
Polygonanae
Primulanae
Ericanae		 Theanae
Malvanae Malvanae
Violanae Violanae
Rosanae Rosanae
Proteanae Proteanae
Myrtanae Myrtanae
Rutanae Rutanae
Celastranae
Geranianae
Santalanae Santalanae
Balanophoranae Santalanae
Asteranae Asteranae
Solananae Solananae
Cornanae
Vitanae		 Cornanae
Aralianae
Loasanae Loasanae
Gentiananae
Lamianae		 Gentiananae