Daigakko
Encyclopedia
is a word used in names of some post-secondary educational institutions in Japan
. Its literal meaning is "Grand School" or "Great School". It came from a literal translation of "Grandes écoles
" which is the elite higher institutions in France
. This word is translated into "academy", "college" or "university" in their English
names, and there is not a settled translation. The National Defense Academy of Japan
(Bōei Daigakkō) was established École Polytechnique
as its model.
which has a relationship with North Korean government in Japan is written as "朝鮮大學校" , but it can not provide any academic degrees because it has never been certified as a university by Japanese Ministry of Education.
the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
or
by the local boards of education
or the governors of the prefectures.
It is also true for "daigaku" (大学) but the word "daigakkō" is a word to clarify that the daigakkō does not award academic degrees of its own. Currently no institutions (their English names could be "university", "institute of technology", "medical college" or "junior college") established or recognised directly by the MEXT and can offer academic degrees of their own carry "daigakkō" in their names. They use "daigaku (大学)" or "tanki daigaku" (短期大学 for a junior college
) instead.
In early Meiji era The was a mainstream higher education institution established by Monbushō (current MEXT).
(NIAD-UE), an independent administrative institution
(IAI) affiliated with the MEXT and the graduates can obtain academic degrees awarded by the NIAD-UE by application.
The mainstream students of above daigakkōs are tuition fee free. They are paid salaries (except the NCN) by the national government as the establishing administrations' employees.
The NDMC's graduates who retire before serving nine years for Japan Self-Defense Forces
must refund their training costs.
. (PU http://www.uitec.ehdo.go.jp/): an IAI affiliated with the MHLW.
The mainstream students of the above daigakkō must pay tuition fee similar to Japanese national universities.
. (URL unknown): Japan Post
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. Its literal meaning is "Grand School" or "Great School". It came from a literal translation of "Grandes écoles
Grandes écoles
The grandes écoles of France are higher education establishments outside the main framework of the French university system. The grandes écoles select students for admission based chiefly on national ranking in competitive written and oral exams...
" which is the elite higher institutions in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. This word is translated into "academy", "college" or "university" in their English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
names, and there is not a settled translation. The National Defense Academy of Japan
National Defense Academy of Japan
, abbreviated is a four-year university-level military academy aimed to educate and train students who will be officers in three services of the Japan Self-Defense Forces...
(Bōei Daigakkō) was established École Polytechnique
École Polytechnique
The École Polytechnique is a state-run institution of higher education and research in Palaiseau, Essonne, France, near Paris. Polytechnique is renowned for its four year undergraduate/graduate Master's program...
as its model.
Japan
In Japan, use of the word "daigakkō"(大学校) is not regulated by laws or ordinances, so many educational or training facilities are named as "daigakko". Those are categorized as follows:- The training facilities operated by the governmental offices such as ministries and agencies.
- The lectures as lifelong learningLifelong learningLifelong learning is the continuous building of skills and knowledge throughout the life of an individual. It occurs through experiences encountered in the course of a lifetime...
for the citizens provided by local governments. - The educational facilities which are certified as they can provide education as same as Universities and Graduate schools, and which can provide academic degrees.
- The educational facilities which provide higher educationHigher educationHigher, post-secondary, tertiary, or third level education refers to the stage of learning that occurs at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology...
, but can't provide academic degrees. - The special schools named "daigakkō" before School Education Act in enforce in 1947.
Korea
In Korea, universities and colleges of 4 years are written as "大學校" . Korea UniversityKorea University (Japan)
Korea University is a university located in Kodaira, Tokyo. It was established by ethnic activist association and de-facto North Korean embassy Chongryon on 10 April 1956. Korean is the medium of instruction...
which has a relationship with North Korean government in Japan is written as "朝鮮大學校" , but it can not provide any academic degrees because it has never been certified as a university by Japanese Ministry of Education.
Daigakkō and other post-secondary institutions
In Japan, use of the word "daigakkō" is not regulated by laws or ordinances. They could offer accredited full-time six-year courses or a single-day training courses depending on institutions and courses. They can be established by national and local governments or can be private institutions. Some daigakkō-s are recognised as bythe Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)
The , also known as MEXT or Monkashō, is one of the ministries of the Japanese government.The Meiji government created the first Ministry of Education in 1871....
or
by the local boards of education
Board of education
A board of education or a school board or school committee is the title of the board of directors or board of trustees of a school, local school district or higher administrative level....
or the governors of the prefectures.
It is also true for "daigaku" (大学) but the word "daigakkō" is a word to clarify that the daigakkō does not award academic degrees of its own. Currently no institutions (their English names could be "university", "institute of technology", "medical college" or "junior college") established or recognised directly by the MEXT and can offer academic degrees of their own carry "daigakkō" in their names. They use "daigaku (大学)" or "tanki daigaku" (短期大学 for a junior college
Junior college
The term junior college refers to different educational institutions in different countries.-India:In India, most states provide schooling through 12th grade...
) instead.
In early Meiji era The was a mainstream higher education institution established by Monbushō (current MEXT).
Daigakkō with NIAD-UE accredited courses: equivalent as universities
Some daigakkō's mainstream courses are accredited by the National Institution for Academic Degrees and University EvaluationNational Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation
The , abbreviated NIAD-UE, is Japan's "independent administrative institution" affiliated with the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology , whose objectives are:...
(NIAD-UE), an independent administrative institution
Independent Administrative Institution
An Incorporated Administrative Agency or in lay terms an Independent Administrative Corporation or Independent Administrative Institution is a newly designed type of legal body for Japanese governmental organizations regulated by the Basic Law on Reforming Government Ministries of 1998...
(IAI) affiliated with the MEXT and the graduates can obtain academic degrees awarded by the NIAD-UE by application.
Administered by the national government: tuition-fee free, salary paid
The following daigakkō are administered by the national government, and the tuition-fee is for free and the students are paid salary. In addition, these daigakkō are specially called "Shō-Chō-Daigakkō"(Ministry-Agency-Daigakkō, 省庁大学校) which are regulated to be founded by laws. The students in the following schools are appointed as government officials automatically when they entered, and they are paid salary every month, and they are exempted from paying tuition-fee.| English Name | Japanese orthography | Pronouciation | abbreviation | Provider(national government) | Foundation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan Coast Guard Academy Japan Coast Guard Academy The is a university-level academy established within the Japan Coast Guard for the purpose of training students to become officers. It is located in Kure, Hiroshima prefecture.Students have the status of public employees... |
海上保安大学校 | Kaijō Hoan Daigakkō | JCGA | Japan Coast Guard Japan Coast Guard The , formerly the Maritime Safety Agency, is the Japanese coast guard. Comprising about 12,000 personnel, it is under the oversight of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and is responsible for the protection the coast-lines of Japan... |
1951 |
| National College of Nursing | 国立看護大学校 | Kokuritsu Kango Daigakkō | NCN | National Center for Global Health and Medicine | 2001 |
| National Defense Academy of Japan National Defense Academy of Japan , abbreviated is a four-year university-level military academy aimed to educate and train students who will be officers in three services of the Japan Self-Defense Forces... |
防衛大学校 | Bōei Daigakkō | NDABōei-Dai(防衛大) | Ministry of Defense | 1952 |
| National Defense Medical College National Defense Medical College The is Japan's six-year university-level military academy under control of the Ministry of Defense whose objectives are to train future military officers who are also medical doctors and current military doctors with advanced level of theory and application of medical sciences required to conduct... |
防衛医科大学校 | Bōei Ika Daigakkō | NDMC | Ministry of Defense | 1973 |
| Meteorological College Meteorological College is an educational institution affiliated to the Japan Meteorological Agency whose purpose is to train officials of the agency. It is located in Kashiwa, Chiba. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1922, and it was chartered as a four-year college in 1962.... |
気象大学校 | Kishō Daigakkō | MCKi-Dai, Kidaikō | Japan Meteorological Agency Japan Meteorological Agency The or JMA, is the Japanese government's weather service. Charged with gathering and reporting weather data and forecasts in Japan, it is a semi-autonomous part of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport... |
1922 |
The mainstream students of above daigakkōs are tuition fee free. They are paid salaries (except the NCN) by the national government as the establishing administrations' employees.
The NDMC's graduates who retire before serving nine years for Japan Self-Defense Forces
Japan Self-Defense Forces
The , or JSDF, occasionally referred to as JSF or SDF, are the unified military forces of Japan that were established after the end of the post–World War II Allied occupation of Japan. For most of the post-war period the JSDF was confined to the islands of Japan and not permitted to be deployed...
must refund their training costs.
Independent administrative institutions: tuition fee payable
(NFU http://www.fish-u.ac.jp/): an IAI affiliated with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)
The ' a cabinet ministry in the government of Japan responsible for oversight of the agriculture, forestry and fishing industries. Its acronym is MAFF.-History:...
. (PU http://www.uitec.ehdo.go.jp/): an IAI affiliated with the MHLW.
The mainstream students of the above daigakkō must pay tuition fee similar to Japanese national universities.
Academic degrees
If the courses set by daigakkō were certified as they come up to the level of master's course or doctoral courses by NIAD-UE, the alumni and alumnae are certificated as Bachelors, Masters, and Doctors after investigation. The following schools are the only daigakkō which are certified by NIAD-UE, and other educational institutes named as "daigakkō" can not provide any academic degrees.| Name | Bachelor's degree | Master's degree | Doctor's degree |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Defense Academy of Japan National Defense Academy of Japan , abbreviated is a four-year university-level military academy aimed to educate and train students who will be officers in three services of the Japan Self-Defense Forces... |
Science, Engineering, Humanities, Social Science | Science, Engineering, Security Studies | Science, Engineering |
| National Defense Medical College National Defense Medical College The is Japan's six-year university-level military academy under control of the Ministry of Defense whose objectives are to train future military officers who are also medical doctors and current military doctors with advanced level of theory and application of medical sciences required to conduct... |
Medicine | ||
| Medicine | |||
| Japan Coast Guard Academy Japan Coast Guard Academy The is a university-level academy established within the Japan Coast Guard for the purpose of training students to become officers. It is located in Kure, Hiroshima prefecture.Students have the status of public employees... |
Coast Guard | ||
| Meteorological College Meteorological College is an educational institution affiliated to the Japan Meteorological Agency whose purpose is to train officials of the agency. It is located in Kashiwa, Chiba. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1922, and it was chartered as a four-year college in 1962.... |
Science | ||
| National College of Nursing | Nursing | Nursing | |
| National Fisheries University | Fisheries science | Fisheries science | |
| Polytechnic University | Engineering | Engineering | |
Administered by the national government
The run training courses for public servants. Note institutions whose objectives and functions are similar but names are not daigakkō, say gakkō (School) are not included in this list. These schools are not certified by NIAD-UE, so they can not give any academic degrees.| English Name | Japanese orthography | Pronouciation | abbreviation | Provider | Foundation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aeronautical Safety College | 航空保安大学校 | Kōkū Hoan Daigakkō | ASC | Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport | 1959 |
| National Police Academy National Police Academy The National Police Academy, in Islamabad, is a federal training centre for the senior officers of the civilian law enforcement agencies of Pakistan. The senior officers jointly form the Police Service of Pakistan , which is a civil service pay group... |
警察大学校 | Keisatsu Daigakkō | NPAKei-dai(警大) | National Police Agency National Police Agency (Japan) The is an agency administered by the National Public Safety Commission of the Cabinet Office in the cabinet of Japan, and is the central coordinating agency of the Japanese police system.... |
1885 |
| Local Autonomy College | 自治大学校 | Jichi Daigakkō | LAC | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications The ' or Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications is a cabinet-level ministry in the Government of Japan. The English name Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications was used prior to 2004... |
1953 |
| Fire and Disaster Management College | 消防大学校 | Shōbō Daigakkō | FDMC | Fire and Disaster Management Agency | 1959 |
| National Tax College | 税務大学校 | Zeimu Daigakkō | NTA | National Tax Agency National Tax Agency The is the official tax collecting agency of Japan and a government ministry. As of 2008, its Commissioner was Michito Ishii.-External links:... |
1964 |
| Social Insurance College | 社会保険大学校 | Shakai Hoken Daigakkō | SIC | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare | 1971 |
| College of Land, Infrastructure and Transport | 国土交通大学校 | Kokudo Kōtsū Daigakkō | CLIT | Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport | 2001 |
Administered by a special institution
Postal College runs training courses for the employees of Japan PostJapan Post
was a government-owned corporation in Japan, that existed from 2003–2007, offering postal and package delivery services, banking services, and life insurance. It had over 400,000 employees and ran 24,700 post offices throughout Japan and was the nation's largest employer. One third of all Japanese...
. (URL unknown): Japan Post
Administered by Independent Administrative Institutions
All of the providers of the following daigakkō are Independent Administrative Institutions(IAI).| English Name | Japanese orthography | Pronouciation | abbreviation | Provider(IAI) | Foundation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National College of Nursing | 国立看護大学校 | Kokuritsu Kango Daigakkō | NCN | NCGM | 2001 |
| National Fisheries University | 水産大学校 | Suisan Daigakkō | NFUSui-dai-ko(水大校) | National Fisheries University | 1885 |
| Polytechnic University | 職業能力開発総合大学校 | Shokugyo Noryoku Kaihatsu Daigakkō | PU | EHRDOJ | 1961 |
| Marine Technical College | 海技大学校 | Kaigi Daigakkō | MTC | Marine Technical Education Agency | 2001 |
| Civil Aviation College | 航空大学校 | Kōkū Daigakkō | CAC | Civil Aviation College | 1964 |
| National Farmers Academy | 農業者大学校 | Nōgyōsha Daigakkō | NFA | NARO | 1968 |
| Labour College | 労働大学校 | Rōdō Daigakkō | LC | JILPT | 2003 |
| SME University | 中小企業大学校 | Chūshō Kigyō Daigakkō | SMEU | SMRJ | 2002 |
Independent Administrative Institution
(CAC http://www.kouku-dai.ac.jp/): an IAI affiliated with the MLIT.Before 1947
| English Name | Japanese orthography | Pronunciation | Provider | Foundation | Abolition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daigakko Daigakko is a word used in names of some post-secondary educational institutions in Japan. Its literal meaning is "Grand School" or "Great School". It came from a literal translation of "Grandes écoles" which is the elite higher institutions in France. This word is translated into "academy", "college" or... |
大学校 | Daigakkō | Government Government Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized... |
1869 | 1869 |
| Imperial College of Engineering Imperial College of Engineering The Imperial College of Engineering was founded as a university at Tokyo in 1873, though its predecessor the existed from 1871. The name "Kobu Daigakko" dates from 1877. In modern-day parlance it would have been called an institute of technology.... |
工部大学校 | Kōbu Daigakkō | Ministry of Industry Ministry of Industry Ministry of Industry may refer to:* Ministry of Industry and Energy * Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan* Ministry of Industry, Mining and Energy * Ministry of Industry... |
1877 | 1886 |
| Army War College Army War College (Japan) The ; Short form: of the Empire of Japan was founded in 1882 in Minato, Tokyo to modernize and Westernize the Imperial Japanese Army. Much of the empire's elite including prime ministers during the period of Japanese militarism were graduates of the college.... |
陸軍大学校 | Rikugun Daigakkō | Imperial Japanese Army Imperial Japanese Army -Foundation:During the Meiji Restoration, the military forces loyal to the Emperor were samurai drawn primarily from the loyalist feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū... |
1883 | 1945 |
| Naval War College Naval War College (Japan) The was the staff college of the Imperial Japanese Navy, responsible for training officers for command positions either on warships, or in staff roles.... |
海軍大学校 | Kaigun Daigakkō | Imperial Japanese Navy Imperial Japanese Navy The Imperial Japanese Navy was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947, when it was dissolved following Japan's constitutional renunciation of the use of force as a means of settling international disputes... |
1888 | 1945 |
| Japan Women's University Japan Women's University is the oldest and largest of private Japanese women's universities. The university was established in 20 April 1901 by education reformist .The university has around 6000 students and 200 faculty... |
日本女子大学校 | Nihon Joshi Daigakkō | Japan Women's University Japan Women's University is the oldest and largest of private Japanese women's universities. The university was established in 20 April 1901 by education reformist .The university has around 6000 students and 200 faculty... |
1901 | 1948 |