Cynarctoides
Encyclopedia
Cynarctoides is an extinct genus of terrestrial
canine
of the family Borophaginae
and tribe Phlaocyonini
which inhabited most of North America
during the Whitneyan
stage of the Early Oligocene to the Barstovian
stage of the Middle Miocene
33.3—13.6 Mya existing approximately .
and gave rise to Borophaginae
, a short-face, heavy-jawed canine usually massive in size. Cynarctoides shared part of its period of time with a variety of bear dog
s like Aelurodontina, Tomarctus
and the giant mustelid genus of bone-crushing canidae.
later placed it in the Borophaginae
genus of Phlaocyonini
.
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...
canine
Canidae
Canidae is the biological family of carnivorous and omnivorous mammals that includes wolves, foxes, jackals, coyotes, and domestic dogs. A member of this family is called a canid . The Canidae family is divided into two tribes: Canini and Vulpini...
of the family Borophaginae
Borophaginae
The subfamily Borophaginae is an extinct group of canids called "bone crushing dogs" that were endemic to North America during the Oligocene to Pliocene and lived roughly 36—2.5 million years ago and existing for approximately .-Origin:...
and tribe Phlaocyonini
Phlaocyonini
Phlaocyonini † is a hypocarnivorous clade or tribe of Borophaginae. This is an extinct group of canids that were endemic to North America and which lived during the Oligocene epoch to the Miocene living ~33.3–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . PhlaocyoniniThe clade includes Cynarctoides and...
which inhabited most of North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
during the Whitneyan
Whitneyan
The Whitneyan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology , typically set from 33,300,000 to 30,800,000 years BP, a period of . It is usually considered to fall within the Early Oligocene...
stage of the Early Oligocene to the Barstovian
Barstovian
The Barstovian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology , typically set from 16,300,000 to 13,600,000 years BP, a period of . It is usually considered to overlap the Langhian and Serravallian...
stage of the Middle Miocene
Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene Epoch made up of two stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene....
33.3—13.6 Mya existing approximately .
Origin
Cynarctoides is derived from the NothocyonNothocyon
Nothocyon is an extinct genus of carnivoran which inhabited North America during the late Oligocene. At one time, many species of the dog family Canidae were placed in Nothocyon, but new fossils showed that the type species of Nothocyon, N. geismarianus, is more closely related to bears...
and gave rise to Borophaginae
Borophaginae
The subfamily Borophaginae is an extinct group of canids called "bone crushing dogs" that were endemic to North America during the Oligocene to Pliocene and lived roughly 36—2.5 million years ago and existing for approximately .-Origin:...
, a short-face, heavy-jawed canine usually massive in size. Cynarctoides shared part of its period of time with a variety of bear dog
Bear dog
Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of large terrestrial carnivores belonging to the suborder Caniformia and which inhabited North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa from the Middle Eocene subepoch to the Pleistocene epoch 46.2—1.8 Mya, existing for approximately .-Taxonomy:Amphicyonidae was named...
s like Aelurodontina, Tomarctus
Tomarctus
Tomarctus is a canine of the extinct subfamily Borophaginae which inhabited most of North America during the late Early Miocene to the Early Barstovian age of the Middle Miocene . Tomarctus existed for approximately ....
and the giant mustelid genus of bone-crushing canidae.
Taxonomy
Cynarctoides was named by P. O. McGrew in 1938 and R. L. Carroll in 1988 and assigned to the family Canidae. Xiaoming WangXiaoming Wang
Xiaoming Wang is a noted paleontologist and geologist born in People's Republic of China living in the United States.-Area of expertise:Dr. Wang specializes in the fossil evolution, systematics, and phylogeny of mammals of the Cenozoic...
later placed it in the Borophaginae
Borophaginae
The subfamily Borophaginae is an extinct group of canids called "bone crushing dogs" that were endemic to North America during the Oligocene to Pliocene and lived roughly 36—2.5 million years ago and existing for approximately .-Origin:...
genus of Phlaocyonini
Phlaocyonini
Phlaocyonini † is a hypocarnivorous clade or tribe of Borophaginae. This is an extinct group of canids that were endemic to North America and which lived during the Oligocene epoch to the Miocene living ~33.3–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . PhlaocyoniniThe clade includes Cynarctoides and...
.
Morphology
Fossil specimens of two individuals' body mass were examined by Legendre and Roth.- Specimen 1 was estimated at 1.28 kg (2.8 lb).
- Specimen 2 was estimated at 1.21 kg (2.7 lb).
Species
Species within Cynarctoides are:- Cynarctoides acridensCynarctoides acridensCynarctoides acridens is an extinct species of Cynarctoides, belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canine which inhabited most of west central North America from the Miocene epoch living 24.8—13.6 mya and existed for approximately .-Description:Borophaginae were...
(synonymous with Cynarctus mustelinus) existed for †ExtinctionIn biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms , normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point... - Cynarctoides emryiCynarctoides emryiCynarctoides emryi is an extinct species of Cynarctoides, belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canid which inhabited most of west central North America from the Miocene epoch living 23.0–5.3 mya and existed for approximately .-Taxonomy:Cynarctoides emryi was named by...
existed for †ExtinctionIn biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms , normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point... - Cynarctoides gawnaeCynarctoides gawnaeCynarctoides gawnae is an extinct species of Cynarctoides, belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canid which inhabited most of west central North America from the Miocene epoch living 23.0—5.3 mya and existed for approximately .-Taxonomy:Cynarctoides gawnae was named by...
existed for †ExtinctionIn biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms , normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point... - Cynarctoides harlowiCynarctoides harlowiCynarctoides harlowi is an extinct species of Cynarctoides, belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canid which inhabited west central North America during the Late Oligocene to Miocene epoch living 24.8—20.6 mya and existed for approximately .-Taxonomy:Cynarctoides...
existed for †ExtinctionIn biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms , normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point... - Cynarctoides lemurCynarctoides lemurCynarctoides lemur is an extinct species of Cynarctoides, belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canid endemic to various parts of central North America from the Late Oligocene to Miocene epoch living 24.8—20.6 mya and existed for approximately .Fossil evidence suggests...
existed for †ExtinctionIn biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms , normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point... - Cynarctoides luskensisCynarctoides luskensisCynarctoides luskensis is an extinct species of Cynarctoides, belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canid endemic to west central North America from the Late Oligocene to Miocene epoch living 24.8—20.6 Ma and existed for approximately .-Taxonomy:Cynarctoides luskensis...
existed for †ExtinctionIn biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms , normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point... - Cynarctoides roiiCynarctoides roiiCynarctoides roii is an extinct species of Cynarctoides, belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini, a canid which inhabited west central North America from the Late Oligocene to Miocene living 30.8—20.6 mya and existed for approximately .-Taxonomy:Cynarctoides roii was named by...
existed for †ExtinctionIn biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms , normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point...
Fossil distribution
Sites representing each species of Cynarctoides with age of find:- Sharps Site, Sharps Formation, Shannon County, South DakotaShannon County, South DakotaAs of the census of 2000, there were 12,466 people, 2,785 households, and 2,353 families residing in the county. The population density was 6 people per square mile . There were 3,123 housing units at an average density of 2 per square mile...
, (C. roii) ~30.8—26.3 Ma. - Buda Mine Site, Alachua County, FloridaAlachua County, FloridaAlachua County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida. The U.S. Census Bureau 2006 estimate for the county is 227,120. Its county seat is Gainesville, Florida. Alachua County is the home of the University of Florida and is also known for its diverse culture, local music, and artisans...
(C. lemur) ~24.8—20.6 Ma. - Chugwater Site, Platte County, Wyoming (C. luskensis) ~24.8—20.6 Ma.
- Van Tassel, Niobrara County, Wyoming (C. harlowi) ~24.8—20.6 Ma.
- Split Rock Site, Arikaree Formation, Natrona County, Wyoming, (C. acridens) ~20.6—16.3 Ma.
- Hemingford Quarry 7B, Runningwater Formation, Box Butte County, NebraskaBox Butte County, Nebraska-Demographics:As of the census of 2000, there were 12,158 people, 4,780 households, and 3,298 families residing in the county. The population density was 11 people per square mile . There were 5,488 housing units at an average density of 5 per square mile...
(C. emryi) ~20.6—16.3 Ma. - Blickomlyus Hill Site, Zia Sand Formation, Sandoval County, New MexicoSandoval County, New Mexico-Indian reservations:Sandoval County has 12 Indian reservations and two joint-use areas lying within its borders, the second most of any county in the United States -Indian reservations:Sandoval County has 12 Indian reservations and two joint-use areas lying within its borders, the second most of...
(C. gawnae) ~20.3—5.3 Ma. - Hidalgo Bluff Site, Oakville Formation, Washington County, Texas (C. acridens) ~20.3—5.3 Ma.