Jan Hendrik de Boer was a Netherlands physicist and chemist.De Boer was born in Ruinen, now De Wolden, and died in 's-Gravenzande. He studied at the University of Groningen and was later employed in industry.... in 1925. It is also known as the van Arkel - de Boer process. This process was the first industrial process for the commercial production of pure ductile metallic zirconium
Zirconium
Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. It is a lustrous, gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium.... . It is used in the production of small quantities of ultra-pure titanium and zirconium. It primarily involves the formation of the metal iodides and their subsequent decomposition to yield pure metal.
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Jan Hendrik de Boer was a Netherlands physicist and chemist.De Boer was born in Ruinen, now De Wolden, and died in 's-Gravenzande. He studied at the University of Groningen and was later employed in industry.... in 1925. It is also known as the van Arkel - de Boer process. This process was the first industrial process for the commercial production of pure ductile metallic zirconium
Zirconium
Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. It is a lustrous, gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium.... . It is used in the production of small quantities of ultra-pure titanium and zirconium. It primarily involves the formation of the metal iodides and their subsequent decomposition to yield pure metal. This process was superseded commercially by the Kroll process
Kroll process
The Kroll process is a pyrometallurgical industrial process used to produce metallic titanium. It was invented in 1940 by William J. Kroll in Luxembourg.... .
Impure titanium or zirconium is heated in an evacuated vessel with iodine at 50-250oC. Titanium or zirconium iodide (TiI4 or ZrI4) is formed and is volatilized (leaving impurities as solid). At atmospheric pressure TiI4 melts at 150oC and boils at 377oC, while ZrI4 melts at 499oC and boils at 600oC. The boiling points are lower at reduced pressure. The gaseous metal tetraiodide is decomposed on a white hot tungsten filament (1400oC). As more metal is deposited the filament conducts better and thus a greater electric current is required to maintain the temperature of the filament.
