Croatia–Hungary relations - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Croatia-Hungary relations are foreign relations between Croatia

Croatia

Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...

and Hungary

Hungary

Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...

, two neighbouring countries of Central Europe

Central Europe

Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...

. Until 1918, Croatia was part of Austria–Hungary, most part being under Hungarian administration

Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia

The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia or Croatia Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was part of the Hungarian Kingdom within the dual Austro-Hungarian state, being within the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen or Transleithania...

. Both countries established diplomatic relations on January 18, 1992.

Croatia has an embassy in Budapest

Budapest

Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...

, a general consulate in Pécs

Pécs

Pécs is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county...

and an honorary consulate in Nagykanizsa. Hungary has an embassy in Zagreb

Zagreb

Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...

and 2 honorary consulates (in Rijeka

Rijeka

Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...

and Split

Split (city)

Split is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centered around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its wide port bay. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and...

). Today, both countries share 329 km of common border.

Middle Ages

From 1102 to 1918 Croatia has been in a state union with Hungary. Croatian history and law are consequently a part of Hungarian state and law history and, of course, vice versa. Considering that almost a century has passed since the end of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, we may offer an objective analysis of Croatian and Hungarian relations, devoid of political and emotional tones. The question of the political and legal status of Slavonia is definitely one of the most controversial issues of Croatian and Hungarian historiography. Namely, after the Turkish incursion the center of the Croatian state was relocated to the territory between the rivers Drava and Sava, which began to be called Croatia instead of its earlier name Slavonia, while the name Slavonia began to pertain to the area of the Srijem, Virovitica and Požega Counties, which were restored by Empress Maria Theresa in 1745 and placed under the authority of the Croatian Parliament and Viceroy (Ban). The Hungarians fiercely opposed this, considering the three Slavonian counties as their historical territory, and called this region “Lower Slavonia” (“Alsó-Szlavónia”), as opposed to “Upper Slavonija” (i. e. Croatia). Legal article No. 1751:XXIII lays down that “Counties of Srijem, Virovitica and Požega shall be invited to the sessions of the Hungarian Parliament and have the right to vote, and otherwise they shall remain under the jurisdiction of the Croatian Viceroy and the Hungarian crown”. This act temporarily solved the problem of Slavonia’s legal status, but it once again came into focus during the public-legal dispute between 1790 and 1848. This dispute ended in an armed conflict in 1848, since the interests of the Hungarians, who were resolved to form a unified state that would include Croatia as well, clashed with the interests of the Croats, who strove to establish their own national state. After 1848 both states were subjected to an absolutistic regime, which was an additional reason to speed up the conclusion of the Croatian-Hungarian Compromise, which occurred in 1868 (Legal Article I of the Croatian Sabor and Legal Article XXX of the Hungarian Parliament). The Agreement stipulated that Hungary on one hand and Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia on the other formed a state union; their king was crowned with a single crown and in a single coronation act with a joint coronation charter issued about this event in two original copies in Croatian and Hungarian language. The Triune Kingdom was defined as “a political nation with a separate territory that has got its own legislation and government in its internal affairs”. Hungary recognized “Lower Slavonija” as a part of Croatia and thus the problem of Slavonia’s status was finally solved. As far as the territorial issue is concerned, the status of Rijeka remained unsolved, and Dalmatia was formally and legally a constituent part of the Hungarian and Croatian state union, but in fact it was a territory under Vienna’s control. After the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, in the newly formed Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Slavonia lost its distinctiveness and remained mainly just a native land’s name.

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